高原动物低氧适应的表观遗传学机制研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.04.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高原低氧环境是生物在高海拔地区所面临的主要生存挑战。动物高原适应性遗传基础复杂,相关研究主要聚焦在比较基因组、群体基因组和进化基因组,正选择基因集中体现在低氧诱导因子(HIF)调控通路。目前,动物高原适应的表观遗传学机制越来越受到关注。表观遗传学可以调节基因表达的可塑性和稳定性,影响细胞功能和生物体适应环境变化的能力。研究表明,高原生物经历了长期的低氧适应,表现出了与表观遗传学相关的适应性调节。DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰是表观遗传学的重要修饰方式,与高原适应密切相关,通过调控基因表达水平影响细胞功能。HIF作为低氧环境中的关键转录因子复合物,其稳定性和活性受到表观遗传学的调控。DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰直接影响HIF信号通路的功能,而非编码RNA和细胞色素P450(CYP450)酶等表观遗传机制同样也参与了HIF信号通路的调控。深入理解高原低氧环境适应与表观遗传学之间的关系以及HIF信号通路的表观遗传学作用机制,对于揭示适应性进化和相关疾病的发生机制具有重要意义。笔者总结了高原低氧环境适应与表观遗传学的关系,并重点探讨了HIF信号通路在表观遗传学调控中的作用机制。

关键词: 低氧适应; 表观遗传学; HIF信号通路; DNA甲基化; 组蛋白修饰

Abstract: The hypoxia environment of the plateau is a major survival challenge for organisms at high altitudes areas.The genetic basis of high altitude adaptation of animals is complex,and relevant studies mainly focus on comparative genome,population genome and evolutionary genome,and positive selection genes are mainly reflected in the hypoxic inducible factor (HIF) regulatory pathway.At present,more and more attention has been paid to the epigenetic mechanism of animal plateau adaptation.Epigenetics can regulate the plasticity and stability of gene expression,and affect cell function and the ability of organisms to adapt to environmental changes.Studies have shown that plateau organisms have experienced long-term hypoxic adaptation,and show adaptive regulation related to epigenetics.DNA methylation and histone modification are important modifications in epigenetics,which are closely related to altitude adaptation and affect cell function by regulating gene expression levels.HIF is a key transcription factor complex in hypoxic environment,and its stability and activity are regulated by epigenetics.DNA methylation and histone modification directly affect the function of HIF signaling pathway,while epigenetic mechanisms such as non-coding RNA and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzyme also participate in the regulation of HIF signaling pathway.It is of great significance to deeply understand the relationship between adaptation to high altitude hypoxia environment and epigenetics and the epigenetic mechanism of HIF signaling pathway for revealing the mechanism of adaptive evolution and related diseases.The authors summarized the relationship between high altitude hypoxic environment adaptation and epigenetics,and focused on the mechanism of HIF signaling pathway in epigenetic regulation.

Key words: hypoxic adaptation; epigenetics; HIF signaling pathway; DNA methylation; histone modifications

中图分类号:

S813

张康, 巴桑珠扎, 次仁罗布, 旦增洛桑, 尼玛仓决, 斯朗旺姆, 普布曲珍, 德吉玉珍, 索朗曲吉. 高原动物低氧适应的表观遗传学机制研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(4): 1582-1592.

ZHANG Kang, BASANG Zhuza, CIREN Luobu, DANZENG Luosang, NIMA Cangjue, SILANG Wangmu, PUBU Quzhen, DEJI Yuzhen, SUOLANG Quji. Study on the Epigenetic Mechanism of Hypoxic Adaptation in Plateau Animals[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(4): 1582-1592.

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