哺乳动物初级性别决定机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.02.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 哺乳动物的性别决定是发生在胚胎发育早期的一个重要事件,是动物繁殖潜力形成的关键环节。近年来,随着高通量测序技术的发展,单细胞水平转录组、蛋白组和空间转录组等检测方法快速更新迭代,细胞谱系追踪和基因精准操控等技术取得突破,对哺乳动物性别决定和性腺发育的机制研究取得了显著进展。伴随畜禽养殖对特定性别动物需求的持续增加,基于性别决定机制开发新型性别控制技术的研究也取得了一系列的突破。随着动物福利要求升高,出生后的性别控制技术应用受限增加,性别决定阶段进行性别控制的技术在畜禽生产领域展现了巨大的应用潜力。作者通过分析性别决定相关的经典实验,结合遗传缺陷病例,总结了哺乳动物性别决定的调控网络,并通过对性别决定相关基因表达操纵试验中出现的性别逆转现象和性别特异性分化过程的研究,串联起整个哺乳动物初级性别决定的调控网络;追踪了基于性别决定机制、利用基因编辑技术而开发的性别控制技术的进展和发展趋势,力求通过总结近年来对哺乳动物性别决定机制的研究进展,为创新家畜性别控制技术提供理论参考。

关键词: 哺乳动物; 性别决定; 分子调控网络; 性别控制

Abstract: Sex determination in mammals is an important event that occurs during early embryonic development, and is crucial for the formation of an animal's reproductive capability.In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, the transcriptome, proteome and spatial transcriptome analyze methods at the single-cell level and the cell lineage tracking and precise gene manipulation methods have made a great progress.All these techniques enabled the investigation of sex determination and gonadal development of mammals have made remarkable progress.Meanwhile, along with the continuous increase in the demand for sex-specific animals in livestock and poultry breeding, a series of breakthroughs have been made in the development of new sex sorting technologies based on sex determination mechanisms.With the elevated requirements of animal welfare, the application of postnatal sex sorting methods is limited, the sex sorting methods at sex determination stage shows great potential for application in the field of livestock and poultry production.The authors summarize the regulatory network of sex determination in mammals by analyzing the classical experiments related to sex determination and combining with the case reports of genetic defects clinical cases, and the entire regulatory network of mammalian primary gender determination is connected by studying the gender reversal phenomenon and gender specific differentiation process in gene expression manipulation experiments related to gender determination.In addition, this article traces the progress and development trend of sex sorting technologies utilizing gene editing techniques based on sex determination mechanisms.Thus, the review of mammalian sex determination mechanism in recent years will provide theoretical references for the innovative of livestock sex sorting technologies.

Key words: mammals; sex determination; molecular regulatory network; sex control

中图分类号:

S814

江博文, 刘国世, 张鲁. 哺乳动物初级性别决定机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(2): 614-623.

JIANG Bowen, LIU Guoshi, ZHANG Lu. Research Progress on the Primary Sex Determination Mechanisms in Mammals[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(2): 614-623.

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