中草药和活性干酵母制剂对延边黄牛哺乳犊牛生长性能及血液指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.09.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究补饲中草药饲料添加剂、活性干酵母对哺乳犊牛生长性能及血液指标的影响。【方法】选取24头体重(93.06 kg±11.20 kg)、月龄(3.5月龄)相近,体况良好的延边黄牛哺乳犊牛,采用完全随机试验设计,将犊牛随机分成3组,每组8头(公犊牛5头、母犊牛3头)。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,中药组在对照组的基础上添加0.5%中草药饲料添加剂,酵母组在对照组的基础上按照1 g/d的标准添加拉曼活性干酵母。试验期共31 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期21 d。在试验期间采集饲料样和粪样,试验结束后采集血样,测定犊牛的采食量、消化率及血清指标。【结果】与对照组相比,①中药组与酵母组平均日增重(ADG)均显著提高(P＜0.05);②中药组与酵母组犊牛干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)消化率均显著提高(P＜0.05);③中药组与酵母组犊牛血清生长激素(GH)与胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)含量均显著提高(P＜0.05),三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T₃)、甲状腺素(T₄)含量差异不显著(P＞0.05);④中药组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著提高(P＜0.05);中药组与酵母组血清中免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量均显著提高(P＜0.05);⑤中药组与酵母组血清中白介素-1β(IL-1β)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)含量均显著降低(P＜0.05);⑥中药组血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高(P＜0.05);酵母组未出现显著差异(P＞0.05)。【结论】补饲0.5%中草药饲料添加剂与1 g/d活性干酵母制剂均可在不同程度上提高哺乳犊牛生长性能,提高犊牛免疫、抗氧化能力及抗菌消炎的能力,促进犊牛生长发育。

关键词: 中草药饲料; 活性干酵母; 哺乳犊牛; 血液指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of supplemental feeding of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives and active dry yeast on the growth performance and blood index of suckling calves.【Method】 Twenty-four suckling Yanbian Yellow calves of similar weight (93.06 kg±11.20 kg) and age (3.5 months) and in good condition were selected and randomly divided into three groups of eight calves each (five male calves and three female calves) using a completely randomised trial design. The control group was fed with basic diet,the Chinese herbal group was supplemented with 0.5% Chinese herbal feed additive on top of the control group and the yeast group was supplemented with Raman active dry yeast at 1 g/d on top of the control group.The trial period was 31 days,with a pre trial period of 10 days and a formal trial period of 21 days.During the experiment,feed and fecal samples were collected,and after the experiment,blood samples were collected to measure the feed intake,digestion rate,and serum indicators of the calves.【Result】 Compared with control group,① The average daily gain (ADG) was significantly higher in both the herbal and yeast groups (P＜0.05);② The digestibility of dry matter (DM),crude protein (CP),neutral detergent fibre (NDF),acid detergent fibre (ADF) and crude fat (EE) were significantly higher in the herbal and yeast groups of calves (P＜0.05);③ Serum growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels were significantly higher in calves in the herbal and yeast groups (P＜0.05),while triiodothyronine (T₃) and thyroxine (T₄) levels were slightly higher but did not show significant differences (P＞0.05);④The serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) content was significantly higher in the herbal group (P＜0.05) and the serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) content were significantly higher in both the herbal and yeast groups (P＜0.05);⑤The serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) levels were significantly lower in the herbal and yeast groups (P＜0.05);⑥ The activity of serum catalase (CAT) were significantly higher in the herbal group (P＜0.05), and there was no significant difference in the yeast group(P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 Supplementation with 0.5% herbal feed additives or 1 g/d active dry yeast preparations could improve the growth performance and development of suckling calves to varying degrees,and could also promote calf immune and antioxidant capacity, and antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

Key words: Chinese herbal medicine feed; active dry yeast; suckling calves; blood index

中图分类号:

S816.7

赵志伟, 耿春银, 耿凯, 冯鑫, 张敏, 金英海. 中草药和活性干酵母制剂对延边黄牛哺乳犊牛生长性能及血液指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(9): 3613-3621.

ZHAO Zhiwei, GENG Chunyin, GENG Kai, FENG Xin, ZHANG Min, JIN Yinghai. Effect of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Active Dry Yeast Preparation on Growth Performance and Blood Index of Suckling Calves of Yanbian Yellow Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(9): 3613-3621.

参考文献

[1] BRUNAUER M,ROCH F F,CONRADY B.Prevalence of worldwide neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by bovine rotavirus in combination with bovine Coronavirus,Escherichia coli K99 and Cryptosporidium spp:A meta-analysis[J].Animals,2021,11(4):1014.
[2] 卢奇成.布拉氏酵母对犊牛生长性能、血液理化指标及粪样菌群多样性的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2020. LU Q C,Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii on growth performance,blood physical and chemical index and fecal flora diversity of calf[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2020.(in Chinese)
[3] 沈华南.中草药饲料添加剂在畜禽养殖中的研究与应用进展[J].中国农业文摘-农业工程,2021,33(6):81-83. SHEN H N.Research and application progress of herbal feed additives in livestock and poultry breeding[J].Agricultural Science and Engineering in China,2021,33(6):81-83.(in Chinese)
[4] WANG H F,YANG W R,WANG Y X,et al.The study on the effects of Chinese herbal mixtures on growth,activity of post-ruminal digestive enzymes and serum antioxidant status of beef cattle[J].Agricultural Sciences in China,2011,10(3):448-455.
[5] 鲁敏.黄芪复方制剂对荷斯坦犊牛生长、免疫和肠道微生物的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2022. LU M.Effect of astragalus membranaceus compound on growth,immune and intestinal microbes of holstein calves[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2022.(in Chinese)
[6] MA J,WANG C,WANG Z,et al.Active dry yeast supplementation improves the growth performance,rumen fermentation,and immune response of weaned beef calves[J].Animal Nutrition,2021,7(4):1352-1359.
[7] 李宁,袁梅,王之盛,等.活性干酵母对犊牛生长性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(11):5448-5457. LI N,YUAN M,WANG Z S,et al.Effect of active dry yeast on growth performance and serum biochemical,antioxidant and immune indexes of calves[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(11):5448-5457.(in Chinese)
[8] 马铮财,张恬,郭杨,等.发酵中草药对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料研究,2022,45(1):36-39. MA Z C,ZHANG T,GUO Y,et al.Effect of fermented Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and intestinal flora of weaned piglets[J].Feed Research,2022,45(1):36-39.(in Chinese)
[9] 冯鑫,栾佳明,杨东旭,等.补饲活性干酵母对延边黄牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和基质金属蛋白酶的影响[J].动物营养学报,2023,35(2):933-940. FENG X,LUAN J M,YANG D X,et al.Effects of active dry yeast supplementation on growth performance,meat quality and matrix metalloproteinases of Yanbian cattle[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35(2):933-940.(in Chinese)
[10] 张丽英.饲料分析与饲料质量检测技术[M].3版.北京:中国农业大学出版社,2007. ZHANG L Y.Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Agricultural University Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[11] 张忠远,徐宝成.饲料中营养物质表观消化率的计算公式[J].饲料博览,2004,4:48. ZHANG Z Y,XU B C.Formula for calculating the apparent digestibility of nutrients in feed[J].Feed Review,2004,4:48.(in Chinese)
[12] 王义翠,刘延鑫,孙宇,等.不同水平黄芪多糖对早期断奶犊牛生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018,10:151-153. WANG Y C,LIU Y X,SUN Y,et al.Effects of different levels of Astragalus polysaccharides on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in early weaned calves[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018,10:151-153.(in Chinese)
[13] MAAMOURI O,BEN SALEM M.Effect of yeast culture feed supply on growth,ruminal pH,and digestibility of fattening calves[J].Food Science & Nutrition,2021,9(5):2762-2767.
[14] 郭思凡,曹杰.黄芪多糖、银黄联用对新生犊牛免疫力及发病的影响[J].中国乳业,2021,10:61-66. GUO S F,CAO J.Effects of Astragalus polysaccharide combined with Yinhuang soluble powder on immunity and diseases in neonatal calves[J].China Dairy,2021,10:61-66.(in Chinese)
[15] 钟伟光,王玉婷,于维,等.两种中草药添加剂对肉牛瘤胃消化酶活性、养分消化率及血液指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2019,42(11):6-9. ZHONG W G,WANG Y T,YU W,et al.Effects of two kinds of Chinese herbal supplementation on the rumen digestive enzyme activity,digestibility and blood indexes of beef cattle[J].Feed Research,2019,42(11):6-9.(in Chinese)
[16] 冯鑫,杨东旭,栾嘉明,等.酵母对反刍动物瘤胃调控及应用效果研究进展[J].饲料研究,2021,44(19):140-145. FENG X,YANG D X,LUAN J M,et al.Research progress of yeast on ruminant rumen regulation and application effect[J].Feed Research,2021,44(19):140-145.(in Chinese)
[17] OVINGE L A,SARTURI J O,GALYEAN M L,et al.Effects of a live yeast in natural-program finishing feedlot diets on growth performance,digestibility,carcass characteristics,and feeding behavior[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(2):684-693.
[18] 高丽娟.影响绒山羊绒毛生长相关激素的研究进展[J].畜牧兽医科学,2021,97(13):36-37. GAO L J.Research progress of hormones related to cashmere growth[J].Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science,2021,97(13):36-37.(in Chinese)
[19] 王珏,朱其响,郑艺梅,等.松麦粉对蛋鸡生产性能及血清T₃、T₄水平的影响[J].中国饲料,2007,349(17):22-24. WANG Y,ZHU Q X,ZHENG Y M,et al.Effect of pine wheat flour on the production performance and serum T₃ and T₄ levels of laying hens[J].China Feed,2007,349(17):22-24.(in Chinese)
[20] 高凯.红曲合生元、酵母硒锗及其组合替代抗生素对断奶仔猪生长、免疫及肠道菌群影响[D].延吉:延边大学,2020. GAO K.Effects of monascus synbiotics,yeast-selenium-germanium culture and their compound preparation instead of antibiotics on growth performance,immunity and intestinal flora of weaned piglets[D].Yanji:Yanbian University,2020.(in Chinese)
[21] 吕转平,唐思静,苏晓月,等.饲用酵母对断奶前后犊牛生长性能、血清代谢物和瘤胃发酵性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2021,682(14):73-76. LYU Z P,TANG S J,SU X Y,et al.Effects of feed yeast on growth performance,serum metabolites and rumen fermentation of calves before and after weaning[J].China Feed,2021,682(14):73-76.(in Chinese)
[22] ALLAIRE J M,CROWLEY S M,LAW H T,et al.The intestinal epithelium:Central coordinator of mucosal immunity[J].Trends in Immunology,2018,39(9):677-696.
[23] 鲁利萍,吴宁鹏,卜忐忐.中草药添加剂对犊牛生长性能、血清生化、免疫功能及抗病性的影响[J].饲料研究,2021,44(19):31-34. LU L P,WU N P,BU T T.Effect of Chinese herbal medicine additives on growth performance,serum biochemistry,immune function and disease resistance of calves[J].Feed Research,2021,44(19):31-34.(in Chinese)
[24] 夏翠,刘月,孙洪新,等.酵母细胞壁对断奶羔羊生长性能、免疫能力及胃肠道发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(6):2747-2754. XIA C,LIU Y,SUN H X,et al.Effect of yeast cell wall on growth performance,immunity and gastrointestinal tract development of weaned lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(6):2747-2754.(in Chinese)
[25] SIEBERT J C,WALKER E B.Monitoring cytokine profiles during immunotherapy[J].Immunotherapy,2010,2(6):799-816.
[26] ZHANG Q,LI C,NIU X,et al.An intensive milk replacer feeding program benefits immune response and intestinal microbiota of lambs during weaning[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2018,14(1):1-17.
[27] 穆淑琴,李宁,闫峻,等.葡萄糖氧化酶对仔猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(8):2212-2218. MU S Q,LI N,YAN J,et al.Effect of glucose oxidase on growth performance and serum biochemical indexes of piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(8):2212-2218.(in Chinese)
[28] 乔东良.支炎合剂对支原体肺炎大鼠IFN-γ、IL-4的影响[D].长沙:湖南中医药大学,2020. QIAO D L.Effects of mycoplasma combination on IFN-γ and IL-4 in rats with mycoplasma pneumonia[D].Changsha:Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,2020.(in Chinese)
[29] 石宝明,迟子涵.自由基对动物的危害及消除技术研究进展[J].饲料工业,2021,42(9):1-6. SHI B M,CHI Z H.Research progress on harm of free radical to animals and lts elimination technology[J].Feed Industry,2021,42(9):1-6.(in Chinese)
[30] CHEN X,ZHANG E,FANG L,et al.Repair effects of exogenous SOD on Bacillus subtilis against gamma radiation exposure[J].Journal of Environmental Radioactivity,2013,126:259-263.
[31] URSO M L,CLARKSON P M.Oxidative stress,exercise,and antioxidant supplementation[J].Toxicology,2003,189(1-2):41-54.
[32] 李赵嘉,孟然,冯薇,等.饲料中添加蒲公英对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋营养品质、血清抗氧化能力及肝脏的影响[J].饲料研究,2022,3:48-52. LI Z J,MENG R,FENG W,et al.Effect of dandelion on growth performance,egg nutritional quality,serum antioxidant capacity and liver of laying hens[J].Feed Research,2022,3:48-52.(in Chinese)
[33] 穆天龙,申时华,马贵林,等.酵母培养物对肉牛生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].饲料研究,2022,1:20-24. MU T L,SHEN S H,MA G L,et al.Effect of yeast culture on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of beef cattle[J].Feed Research,2022,1:20-24.(in Chinese)