小单元全封闭隔离栏舍在猪疫病控制与净化上的效果研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.11.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究小单元全封闭隔离栏舍在猪疫病控制、净化及疫苗减免上的应用效果。【方法】试验设置猪圆环病毒2型（Porcine circovirus type 2，PCV2）血清抗体全阴、全阳及部分阳性组，每组选取同日龄的保育猪6头，进行为期140 d的A、B模式饲养。A模式为小单元全封闭隔离栏舍养殖140 d，B模式为小单元全封闭隔离栏舍养殖70 d＋常规敞开型栏舍养殖70 d。所有试验猪进行猪瘟病毒（Classical swine fever virus，CSFV）和猪伪狂犬病病毒（Pseudorabies virus，PRV）单次疫苗免疫。试验在饲养的第0、70和140天检测猪群血清PCV2、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus，PRRSV）、CSFV、PRV-gB、PRV-gE抗体水平及血清抗体阳性率。【结果】与第0天相比，A模式所有组PCV2抗体水平及全阳组和部分阳性组PCV2血清抗体阳性率在第70和140天显著下降（P<0.05），B模式第70天全阳组PCV2抗体水平极显著下降（P<0.01），全阴组及部分阳性组PCV2抗体水平维持，第140天所有组PCV2抗体水平均极显著升高（P<0.01）。B模式PCV2血清抗体阳性率前70 d大幅度下降，后70 d大幅度上升至100%。与第0天相比，A、B模式前70 d CSFV抗体水平显著升高（P<0.05），血清抗体阳性率快速升高；与第70天相比，后70 d A模式全阴组和部分阳性组CSFV抗体水平维持小幅度升高趋势，全阴组和全阳组血清抗体阳性率维持100%，B模式全阴组和全阳组CSFV抗体水平显著下降（P<0.05）并接近第0天。PRV-gB血清抗体水平及阳性率在A、B两种养殖模式的前70 d部分组下降，后70 d全部组下降。在整个试验期内A、B养殖模式下，PRRSV和PRV-gE抗体水平均处在较低水平，血清抗体阳性率均为0。【结论】小单元全封闭隔离栏舍可明显阻断PCV2的传播，具有净化PCV2、增强CSFV疫苗免疫的保护率、降低疫苗使用成本的作用，是一种可行的增强生猪养殖疾病防御能力的保障设备。

关键词: 小单元全封闭隔离栏舍; 疫病控制; 疫病净化

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to study the application effects of small-cell fully-closed partition hoggery on pig epidemic control, purification and vaccine reduction.【Method】 All negative, all positive and partial positive groups of Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) serum antibody were set up in this experiment.6 same-aged nursing pigs were selected in each group and fed as mode A and B for 140 days.Mode A was fed in small-cell fully-closed partition hoggery for 140 days, and mode B was first fed in small-cell fully-closed partition hoggery for 70 days and then fed in common opened hoggery for 70 days.All pigs were immunized with Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and Pseudorabies virus (PRV) vaccine only once.The serum antibody levels and positive rates of PCV2, Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), CSFV, PRV-gB and PRV-gE were detected on the 0, 70, 140 feeding day.【Result】 The results showed that compare with the 0 day, the PCV2 antibody level of all groups and serum antibody positive rate of all positive and partial positive groups in modle A decreased significantly (P<0.05) on the 70th and 140th day.In mode B, compare with the 0 day, the PCV2 antibody level were extremely significantly decreased in all positive group (P<0.01) and maintained in all negative and partial positive groups on the 70th day, and were extremely significantly increased in all groups on the 140th day (P<0.01).The serum antibody positive rate of PCV2 in mode B decreased greatly in the first 70 days and increased greatly to 100% in the last 70 days.Compare with the 0 day, the antibody level and serum antibody positive rate of CSFV were increased significantly (P<0.05) in mode A and B in the first 70 days.Compare with the 70 day, the antibody level of CSFV increased slightly in all negative and partial positive groups, and the serum antibody positive rate maintained 100% in all negative group and all positive group of mode A in the last 70 days.In the last 70 days, compare with the 70 day, the antibody level of CSFV decreased significantly (P<0.05) and approached the level of day 0 in all negative group and all positive group of mode B.In the first 70 days, the antibody level and serum antibody positive rate of PRV-gB decreased in some groups, and decreased in all groups in the last 70 days in mode A and B.In the whole experimental period, the antibody levels of PRRSV and PRV-gE were at a low level, and the serum antibody positive rates were 0.【Conclusion】 The small-cell fully-closed partition hoggery could significantly block the transmission of PCV2, purify PCV2, enhance the CSFV vaccine immunity protection rate, and reduce vaccine cost and was a feasible guarantee equipment to enhance the disease prevention ability of pig breeding and has broad application prospects.

Key words: small-cell fully-closed partition hoggery; epidemic disease control; epidemic disease purification

中图分类号:

S851.33

张杏艳, 吴柱月, 易显凤, 蓝晞, 朱文, 陈中华, 蓝海恩. 小单元全封闭隔离栏舍在猪疫病控制与净化上的效果研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(11): 4438-4446.

ZHANG Xingyan, WU Zhuyue, YI Xianfeng, LAN Xi, ZHU Wen, CHEN Zhonghua, LAN Haien. Study on the Effect of Small-cell Fully-closed Partition Hoggery on the Control and Purification of Pig Epidemic Disease[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(11): 4438-4446.

参考文献

[1] 祖立闯, 李娇, 谢金文, 等.非洲猪瘟流行现状分析及诊断方法研究进展[J].养猪, 2018, 5:3-5. ZU L C, LI J, XIE J W, et al.Analysis of epidemic status and research progress of diagnostic methods of African swine fever[J].Swine Production, 2018, 5:3-5.(in Chinese)
[2] 国务院办公厅.国务院办公厅关于印发国家中长期动物疫病防治规划(2012-2020年)的通知[J].中华人民共和国国务院公报, 2012, 16:5-13. GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.Notice of the General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on printing and distributing the national medium and long-term animal disease prevention and control plan (2012-2020)[J].Bulletin of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, 2012, 16:5-13.(in Chinese)
[3] 樊振华, 孟帆, 吴忻, 等.山西种猪场CSFV、PRRSV、PRV、PCV2免疫与感染情况调研[J].中国兽医杂志, 2021, 57:70-73. FAN Z H, MENG F, WU X, et al.Immunological and infections investigation of CSFV, PRRSV, PRV and PCV2 in breeding pig farms in Shanxi[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 57:70-73.(in Chinese)
[4] 李志贤, 禹婷婷, 黄志明, 等.猪瘟、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征、猪伪狂犬病、圆环病毒病等主要疫病的调查分析[J].中国猪业, 2021, 16:65-68. LI Z X, YU T T, HUANG Z M, et al.Analysis of major diseases on classical swine fever, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome, porcine pseudorabies and circovirus disease[J].China Swine Industry, 2021, 16:65-68.(in Chinese)
[5] 王怀禹, 陈俊, 何子双, 等.南充地区规模化猪场4种病毒性传染病的流行病学调查与分析[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2020, 2:62-66. WANG H Y, CHEN J, HE Z S, et al.Analysis of four viral infectious diseases in large-scale pig farms in Nanchong area[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 2:62-66.(in Chinese)
[6] 杜银平, 成强.我国动物疫病净化发展历程及形势分析[J].中国动物保健, 2022, 24(4):1-2. DU Y P, CHENG Q.Development process and situation analysis of animal disease purification in China[J].China Animal Health, 2022, 24(4):1-2.(in Chinese)
[7] 刘芳.我国动物疫病净化长效机制的研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2012. LIU F.Studies on the long-term cleanup mechanism of China's animas infected disease[J].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2012.(in Chinese)
[8] 中共中央国务院关于全面推进乡村振兴加快农业农村现代化的意见[J].畜牧兽医科技信息, 2021, 1:11-15. Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on comprehensively promoting rural revitalization and accelerating agricultural and rural modernization[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 1:11-15.(in Chinese)
[9] ZHANG H H, HU W Q, LI J Y, et al.Novel circovirus species identified in farmed pigs designated as Porcine circovirus 4, Hunan province, China[J].Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, 2020, 3:1057-1061.
[10] OUYANG T, ZHANG X, LIU X, et al.Co-infection of swine with Porcine circovirus type 2 and other swine viruses[J]. Viruses, 2019, 11(2):185-199.
[11] 李瑞香.规模化自繁自育猪场猪圆环病毒2型血清学调查及对母猪、生长育肥猪生产性能的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学, 2016. LI R X.Epidemiological survey and productivity effect study on Porcine circovirus type 2 and its effect on the productivity performance for sows and fattening piglets in scale self-supported pig farms[D].Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University, 2016.(in Chinese)
[12] 曹凤阳.猪圆环病毒2型和3型鉴别诊断方法的建立与分子流行病学调查[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2021. CAO F Y.Establishment of differential diagnosis and molecular epidemiological investigation of Porcine circovirus type 2 and type 3[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2021.(in Chinese)
[13] 徐丽华, 苏菲, 余斌, 等.2017-2020年浙江省猪主要病毒性传染病的流行病学调查与分析[J].中国兽医学报, 2022, 42(2):223-229. XU L H, SU F, YU B, et al.Epidemiological investigation and analysis of main viral infectious diseases in pigs in Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2020[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2022, 42(2):223-229.(in Chinese)
[14] 傅彩霞, 张启龙, 刘海莹, 等.2019年-2020年北京市部分地区猪圆环病毒2型分子流行病学调查分析[J].动物医学进展, 2022, 43(5):23-29. FU C X, ZHANG Q L, LIU H Y, et al.Molecular epidemiological investigation of Porcine circovirus type 2 in some areas of Beijing from 2019 to 2020[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 43(5):23-29.(in Chinese)
[15] LÓPEZ-LORENZO G, DÍAZ-CAO J M, PRIETO A, et al.Environmental distribution of Porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2) in swine herds with natural infection[J].Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(1):14816.
[16] 刘菊枚, 戚南山, 廖申权, 等.猪场重要虫媒及其传播病原研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(5):1725-1734. LIU J M, QI N S, LIAO S Q, et al.Research progress on the important insect vectors and their transmission pathogens in pig farms[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(5):1725-1734.(in Chinese)
[17] 张华弟, 赵本进, 张俊平, 等.猪圆环病毒病流行的新变化与综合防控措施[J].猪业科学, 2021, 38:94-97. ZHANG H D, ZHAO B J, ZHANG J P, et al.New epidemic changes and comprehensive prevention and control measures of Porcine circovirus disease[J].Swine Industry Science, 2021, 38:94-97.(in Chinese)
[18] 舒安丽, 陈来华.中国圆环疫苗市场情况调研[J].中国动物保健, 2017, 19:8-11. SHU A L, CHEN L H.Research on Circovirus vaccine market in China[J].China Animal Health, 2017, 19:8-11.(in Chinese)
[19] 汪一平, 游一, 李天宇, 等.豫西地区猪伪狂犬病的分子流行病学调查与病毒分离鉴定[J].畜牧与兽医, 2021, 53(9):95-102. WANG Y P, YOU Y, LI T Y, et al.Molecular epidemiological investigation of swine pseudorabies and virus identification in Western Henan province[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 53(9):95-102.(in Chinese)
[20] 徐岳涛.山东部分地区猪瘟流行病学调查及免疫程序调整优化[D].泰安:山东农业大学, 2021. XU Y T.Epidemiological investigation of swine fever and optimization of immune program in Shandong province[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University, 2021.(in Chinese)
[21] 王琴.猪瘟病毒流行病学、病原致病特性及猪瘟综合防制研究[J].中国农业科技导报, 2006, 8(5):13-18. WANG Q.Epidemiology, characterization of pathogenicity of Classical swine fever virus and control strategies of classical swine fever[J]. Review of China Agricultural Science and Technology, 2006, 8(5):13-18.(in Chinese)
[22] 呼显生, 黄克群, 许英.猪瘟-猪伪狂犬病二联苗对仔猪免疫效果观察[J].吉林畜牧兽医, 2012, 33:22-23. HU X S, HUANG K Q, XU Y.Observation on immune effect of swine fever pseudorabies vaccine on piglets[J].Jilin Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, 2012, 33:22-23.(in Chinese)
[23] 陈来华, 舒安丽.中国猪瘟病疫苗市场情况调研[J].中国动物保健, 2016, 18:9-11. CHEN L H, SHU A L.Investigation on swine fever vaccine market in China[J].China Animal Health, 2016, 18:9-11.(in Chinese)