PLGA纳米粒及其在生物医学领域的应用潜力

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 聚乳酸-羟基乙酸（polylactic-co-glycolic acid，PLGA）是由单体乳酸和羟基乙酸构成的具有良好的可降解性和生物相容性的高分子聚合物，其作为新型载体和传递系统被广泛应用于生物学和医药学等领域。PLGA具有抗原展示和抗原包裹的功能，能保护包裹包括生物活性化合物（如蛋白质和多肽）、核酸及免疫调节分子在内的一系列物质，免受蛋白酶介导的黏膜表面降解，还能使药物或抗原缓慢释放，以减少免疫和用药次数，在肠道疾病治疗上有巨大的应用潜力。此外，还可将药物或抗原偶联到PLGA纳米粒表面起到抗原展示的作用，在疫苗研发和药物制备方面表现出优异特性。PLGA还可作为佐剂，增强疫苗的免疫保护效果。PLGA的表面修饰功能可用于药物的靶向递送，靶向递送治疗分子到身体的特定部位，既可减少不良副作用，同时还可提高局部原料药的浓度来提高药物疗效，是生物医学研究的一个活跃领域。PLGA纳米粒可单独或联合装载不同类型的药物，免疫原性小，且易于通过受控的化学合成进行调节，因此，PLGA作为生物医学领域应用潜力巨大的非病毒基因传递系统和药物传递平台，广泛用于疫苗制备和药物研发等领域。笔者重点综述了PLGA纳米粒的结构特征和制备方法，以及基于PLGA制备的纳米载体平台在疫苗研发和药物递送等领域的研究进展及应用前景，旨在为PLGA纳米粒的相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA); 抗原展示; 纳米粒; 生物医学

Abstract: Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a polymer composed of lactic acid and glycolic acid, which has good biodegradability and biocompatibility, as a new carrier and delivery system, and is widely used in biology, medicine and other fields.PLGA has the functions of antigen display and antigen encapsulation, which can protect and encapsulate a series of substances including bioactive compounds (such as protein and peptides), nucleic acids and immunomodulatory molecules from protease-mediated mucosal surface degradation, and can also slowly release drugs or antigens to reduce the times of immunization and medication, so it has great application potential in the treatment of intestinal diseases.In addition, drugs or antigens can be coupled to the surface of PLGA particles to display antigens, which shows excellent characteristics in vaccine development and drug preparation.PLGA can also be used as an adjuvant to enhance the immune protection effect of the vaccine.The surface modification function of PLGA can be used for targeted drug delivery.Targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules to specific parts of the body can not only reduce adverse side effects, but also increase the concentration of local raw materials to improve drug efficacy.PLGA nanoparticles can be loaded with different types of drugs individually or jointly, with low immunogenicity, and they are easy to be regulated by controlled chemical synthesis.Therefore, PLGA is widely used as a non-viral gene delivery system and drug delivery platform with great application potential in biomedical field.This paper focuses on reviewing the structural characteristics and preparation methods of PLGA nanoparticles, as well as the research progress and application prospects of PLGA-based prepared nanocarrier platforms in the fields of vaccine development and drug delivery, aiming to provide a reference for the related research of PLGA nanoparticles.

Key words: polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA); antigen display; nanoparticles; biomedicine

中图分类号:

S859.79

王晓芳, 符乐, 张盼盼, 张华莹, 剧勍, 王亚文. PLGA纳米粒及其在生物医学领域的应用潜力[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(1): 33-41.

WANG Xiaofang, FU Le, ZHANG Panpan, ZHANG Huaying, JU Qing, WANG Yawen. PLGA Nanoparticles and Its Application Potential in the Field of Biomedicine[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(1): 33-41.

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