寄生虫DNA疫苗研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.03.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 寄生虫病带来了相当大的社会经济影响，人畜共患寄生虫给人们带来巨大的疾病负担，并给养殖业造成严重的经济损失。因此，寄生虫病的防治是人们迫切需要研究的课题。寄生虫存在很多形式的免疫逃避机制，灭活疫苗、减毒活疫苗、亚单位疫苗等未达到理想的预防寄生虫病的效果，很多研究表明DNA疫苗有望成为预防和治疗寄生虫病的有效方法。DNA疫苗是一种新型疫苗，可同时诱导机体产生持久的体液免疫和细胞免疫，通过在宿主内表达外源蛋白来提供保护性免疫。DNA疫苗与其他亚单位疫苗不同的是，免疫原由摄取抗原编码DNA的细胞在宿主内合成。体内蛋白质的合成也能进行抗原加工、修饰并递呈到宿主的免疫系统中，类似于自然感染的方式。笔者就DNA疫苗免疫机制、设计原则、免疫途径、优缺点及近几年寄生虫DNA疫苗的研究进展进行综述，以期为寄生虫DNA疫苗的开发提供理论参考。

关键词: 寄生虫DNA疫苗; 免疫机制; 设计原则; 免疫途径

Abstract: Parasitic diseases have a considerable socio-economic impact,zoonotic parasites bring a huge burden of disease to people and cause serious economic losses to the breeding industry.Therefore,the prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases is an urgent research topic.Parasites have many forms of immune evasion mechanisms.Inactivated vaccines,live attenuated vaccines,subunit vaccines,etc.have not achieved effective prevention of parasitic diseases.Many studies have shown that DNA vaccines are expected to be the prevention and effective treatment of parasitic diseases.DNA vaccine is a new type of vaccine which can simultaneously produce long-lasting durable humoral and cellular immune,and it provide protective immunity by expressing foreign proteins in the host.DNA vaccines are different from other subunit vaccines in that immunogens are synthesized in the host by cells that take up the DNA encoding the antigen.The synthesis of protein in the body can also carry out antigen processing,modification and presentation to the host's immune system,similar to the way of natural infection.This article discussed the immune mechanism,design principles,immune pathways,advantages and disadvantages of DNA vaccines and the research progress of parasite DNA vaccines in recent years.It was expected to theoretical reference for the control of parasites disease.

Key words: parasites DNA vaccine; immune mechanism; design principles; immune pathway

中图分类号:

S852.7

王宁, 赵鹏鹏, 张艳艳, 马勋, 王正荣, 薄新文. 寄生虫DNA疫苗研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(3): 1034-1045.

WANG Ning, ZHAO Pengpeng, ZHANG Yanyan, MA Xun, WANG Zhengrong, BO Xinwen. Research Progress on DNA Vaccine Against Animal Parasite[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(3): 1034-1045.

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