产朊假丝酵母CU-3在棉秸秆饲料发酵中的应用研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在对1株产朊假丝酵母CU-3在棉秸秆饲料发酵中的作用进行研究，以期获得高效提高棉秸秆饲料品质的复合制剂。通过以醋酸棉酚为唯一碳源的平板耐受试验，检测菌株的棉酚耐受性，固体发酵优化产朊假丝酵母CU-3最佳脱毒条件，并结合其他制剂应用在实际生产中，检测棉秸秆中的粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪等化学物质，验证复合制剂发酵效果。结果显示，产朊假丝酵母CU-3可以在1 000 mg/kg醋酸棉酚培养基中生长。在单因素棉秸秆固体发酵中，随着发酵时间和接种量增加，CU-3对棉秸秆脱毒率显著增加（P<0.05），60%含水量时脱毒率效果最佳。在优化固体发酵条件中，对响应面模型进行方差分析，方程回归极显著（P<0.01），在含水量60%、接种量10%、发酵时间为30 d的条件下，棉秸秆脱毒率达70%。在CU-3与其他制剂混合固体发酵中，处理后的棉秸秆色泽金黄、结构清晰、气味醇香，感官评价评分等级均为优等，棉秸秆的游离棉酚含量显著下降（P<0.05），最低含量为62.00 mg/kg；粗蛋白质含量显著提升（P<0.05），最高达到9.41%；粗脂肪含量最高达14.50 g/kg；粗纤维含量显著下降（P<0.05）；各处理组中镉、铅、铬含量均达标；最佳复合制剂为CU-3添加2%玉米粉。分别在北疆142团、玛纳斯、北五岔3个养殖场进行实际应用效果试验，棉秸秆发酵后pH在5.05~5.20之间；脱毒率均在70%以上，最高达到78.5%；粗蛋白质含量分别达到7.97%、8.24%和9.89%；粗纤维含量分别为35.4%、34.5%和31.2%；粗脂肪含量最高达10%以上。本试验在优化发酵条件下产朊假丝酵母CU-3及其复合制剂可以有效提高棉秸秆脱毒效率和饲料品质，为新疆棉秸秆饲料化的应用提供了试验依据。

关键词: 产朊假丝酵母; 棉秸秆; 固体发酵; 脱毒率; 饲料品质

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of cotton straw fermentated by Candida utilis CU-3,in order to obtain a compound preparation with high efficiency to improve the quality of cotton straw feed.The gossypol tolerance of the strain was tested through the plate tolerance with gossypol acetate as the sole carbon source,and the optimal detoxification conditions of CU-3 were optimized by the solid fermentation.CU-3 mixed fermentation with other preparations were applied to the realistic production,the chemical substances such as crude protein,crude fiber and crude fat in the cotton straw were detected to verify the fermentation effect.The results showed that CU-3 could be grown in 1 000 mg/kg gossypol acetate medium,which was the sole carbon source.The increase of fermentation time and inoculation amount,the detoxification rate of CU-3 on cotton straw increased significantly (P<0.05),and the detoxification rate was the best when the water content was 60% in single-factor cotton straw solid fermentation.The variance analysis of response surface model showed that the equation regression was significant (P<0.01),the maximum degradation rate was 70%,when the conditions were 60% water content of cotton straw,10% inoculation amount and 30 days fermentation time.CU-3 mixed with other preparations,the sensory evaluation scores were all excellent,cotton straw had golden color,clear structure and mellow smell.The free gossypol content of cotton straw was significantly reduced (P<0.05),the minimum content of free gossypol was 62.00 mg/kg.The crude protein content was significantly increased (P<0.05),the highest reached 9.41%.The crude fat content was up to 14.50 g/kg.The crude fiber content was significantly reduced (P<0.05).The cadmium,lead and chromium contents of each treatment group reached the standard.The best compound preparation was CU-3 with 2% corn flour.The application effect tests were carried out in the three farms of 142 Regiment,Manas and Beiwucha.The pH of the cotton straw were between 5.05 and 5.20 after fermentation,the detoxification rates were all above 70% and the highest reached 78.5%,the crude protein contents were 7.97%,8.24% and 9.89%,the crude fiber content were 35.4%,34.5% and 31.2%,respectively,the crude fat content was up to 10%.In this experiment,CU-3 and its compound preparation could effectively improve the detoxification efficiency and feed quality of cotton straw under optimized fermentation conditions,and provide experimental basis for the application of cotton straw feed in Xinjiang.

Key words: Candida utilis; cotton straw; solid fermentation; detoxification rate; feed quality

中图分类号:

S816.6

侯敏, 詹发强, 宫秀杰, 包慧芳, 王宁, 杨蓉, 侯新强, 崔卫东. 产朊假丝酵母CU-3在棉秸秆饲料发酵中的应用研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(10): 3166-3175.

HOU Min, ZHAN Faqiang, GONG Xiujie, BAO Huifang, WANG Ning, YANG Rong, HOU Xinqiang, CUI Weidong. Study on Application of Candida utilis CU-3 in Cotton Straw Feed Fermentation[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(10): 3166-3175.

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