日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅产蛋规律、繁殖激素分泌及相关基因mRNA表达的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.06.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅的产蛋规律、繁殖激素分泌及生殖轴相关基因mRNA表达量的影响，本研究随机选取200只3岁伊犁鹅（年龄、饲养管理水平一致及体重相近），随机分为4个组，每组10个重复。对照组及公鹅饲喂鹅场自配料（粗蛋白质水平11.20%），试验组母鹅分别饲喂粗蛋白质水平为13.86%、15.20%和16.48%的日粮，其余营养指标基本一致。预试期1周，正试期9周。结果表明：①试验期内伊犁鹅的产蛋率呈波动变化，对照组伊犁鹅的产蛋率在第1~2周逐渐上升，第4~5周出现小幅度增长，其余阶段表现为下滑趋势；各试验组伊犁鹅的产蛋率在第1~2、4~5周出现较大幅度增长，且在第5周时达到产蛋高峰，此后逐渐下滑。15.20%粗蛋白质组伊犁鹅就巢率显著低于11.20%、13.86%粗蛋白质组。②与对照组相比，13.86%粗蛋白质组血清促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）浓度极显著升高（P<0.01），且血清雌二醇（E₂）、促黄体素（LH）浓度均显著升高（P<0.05）；15.20%、16.48%粗蛋白质组血清GnRH、E₂及LH浓度均极显著升高（P<0.01），且血清促卵泡素（FSH）浓度显著升高（P<0.05）。各试验组血清催乳素（PRL）浓度均显著降低（P<0.05）。③与对照组相比，15.20%粗蛋白质组下丘脑GnRH、LHR基因表达量显著上调（P<0.05），PRL、PRLR基因表达量显著下调（P<0.05）；垂体中LH基因表达量显著上调（P<0.05）；卵巢中LH与ESR2基因表达量显著或极显著上调（P<0.05，P<0.01）。综上所述，基于日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅的产蛋率、就巢率、血清生殖激素浓度及生殖轴相关基因mRNA相对表达量影响的综合评估，建议产蛋期伊犁鹅日粮粗蛋白质水平为15.20%。

关键词: 粗蛋白质; 伊犁鹅; 产蛋规律; 繁殖激素; mRNA

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary crude protein level on laying raws,reproductive hormone concentrations and related gene mRNA expression in reproductive axis of Yili geese.200 Yili geese aged 3 years old with similar body weight and good health were selected,and were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 replications.The crude protein level of control group and male geese (goose field self-administered) was 11.20%.The experimental groups fed the test diets with crude protein levels of 13.86%,15.20% and 16.48%,respectively.The nutritional levels of other diets remained the same.The pre-trial period was 1 week,the formal period was 9 weeks.The results showed that:①The egg production rate of Yili geese showed fluctuating changes during the trial period.The egg production rate of Yili geese in control group gradually increased in the first to second weeks,and slightly increased in the fourth to fifth weeks,the other stages showed a downward trend.The egg production rate of Yili geese in each experimental group significantly increased during the first to second and the fourth to fifth weeks,and reached the peak of egg production at the fifth week,and then gradually declined.The broodiness rate of 15.20% crude protein group in Yili geese was significantly lower than that of 11.20% and 13.86% crude protein groups.②Compared with control group,the serum GnRH content of 13.86% crude protein group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the serum E₂ and LH contents significantly increased (P<0.05).The serum GnRH,E₂ and LH content of 15.20% and 16.48% crude protein groups were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the serum FSH content was significantly increased (P<0.05).The serum PRL concentration of each test group was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05).③Compared with control group,the GnRH,LHR mRNA relative expression of hypothalamus in 15.20% crude protein group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the PRL and PRLR mRNA relative expression was significantly decreased (P<0.05).The LH mRNA relative expression in pituitary was significantly increased (P<0.05).The LH and ESR2 mRNA relative expression in ovary were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01).In summary,based on the comprehensive evaluation of the effects of dietary crude protein level on the laying rate,broodiness rate,serum reproductive hormone concentration and the related gene mRNA expression in reproductive axis of Yili geese.It suggested the suitable crude protein level of the diet in Yili geese was 15.20% during laying period.

Key words: crude protein; Yili geese; laying raws; reproductive hormone; mRNA

中图分类号:

S835

赵晓钰, 沙尔山别克·阿不地力大, 马晨, 吴盈萍, 王俊花, 李海英. 日粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅产蛋规律、繁殖激素分泌及相关基因mRNA表达的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(6): 1729-1738.

ZHAO Xiaoyu, SHAERSHANBIEKE Abudilida, MA Chen, WU Yingping, WANG Junhua, LI Haiying. Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Laying Raws,Reproductive Hormone Concentrations and Related Gene mRNA Expression in Reproductive Axis of Yili Geese[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(6): 1729-1738.

参考文献

[1] CHEN G S,GUO S,YANG D H,et al.Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein levels on reproductive performance of Magang geese[J].Animal Husbandry and Feed Science,2011,2:10-11.
[2] 张帅.汶上芦花种母鸡日粮粗蛋白适宜水平研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018. ZHANG S.Study on appropriate level of crude protein in the Wenshang Luhua breeding hens[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[3] 段国香,李美玲,张建云,等.饲粮粗蛋白质水平对"京红1号"蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(12):4597-4602. DUAN G X,LI M L,ZHANG J Y,et al.Effects of dietary crude protein level on performance and egg quality of Jinghong laying hens during late stage of egg production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(12):4597-4602.(in Chinese)
[4] 王少琨,殷若新,王进圣,等.饲粮粗蛋白质水平对汶上芦花鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3523-3529. WANG S K,YING R X,WANG J S,et al.Effects of dietary crude protein level on performance and egg quality of Wenshang Luhua chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(10):3523-3529.(in Chinese)
[5] KINGORI A M,TUITOEK J K,MUIRURI H K,et al.Effect of dietary crude protein levels on egg production,hatchability and post-hatch offspring performance of indigenous chickens[J].International Journal of Poultry Science,2010,9(4):324-329.
[6] NAHASHON S N,ADEFOPE N A,AMENYENU A,et al.Effect of varying concentrations of dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy on laying performance of Pearl grey Guinea fowl hens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(8):1793-1799.
[7] ROBERTS S A,XIN H,KERR B J,et al.Effects of dietary fiber and reduced crude protein on nitrogen balance and egg production in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2007,86(8):1716-1725.
[8] 刘立文,张立永,穆秀明,等.日粮能量对育成柴鸡卵巢促卵泡素受体、促黄体素受体表达的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(6):1023-1027. LI L W,ZHANG L Y,MU X M,et al.Effects of diet energy on expression of FSHR,LHR in the ovary of replacement period Caiji-chicken[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2014,34(6):1023-1027.(in Chinese)
[9] KANG B,JIANG D M,ZHOU R J,et al.Expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) mRNA in the ovary of Zi geese during developmental and egg laying stages[J].Folia Biologica,2011,58(1):61-66.
[10] CHU X H,XU N Y,HU J P,et al.Expression characteristics of prolactin gene in Eastern Zhejiang White geese[J].Hereditas,2008,30(8):1021-1205.
[11] YANG H M,WANG Y,WANG Z Y,et al.Seasonal and photoperiodic regulation of reproductive hormones and related genes in Yangzhou geese[J].Poultry Science,2016,96(2):486-490.
[12] ZHANG X,KANG B,ZHANG L N,et al.Gene expression profiles of LH,prolactin and their receptors in female Zi geese (Anser cygnoides) during development[J].Folia Biologica-krakow,2013,61(1-2):59-64.
[13] 赵晓钰,吴盈萍,彭箫,等.饲粮粗蛋白质水平对伊犁鹅生产性能、孵化性能及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(4):1630-1636. ZHAO X Y,WU Y P,PENG X,et al.Effects of dietary crude protein level on performance,hatching performance and serum biochemcial indexes of Yili geese[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(4):1630-1636.(in Chinese)
[14] YAO Y,YANG Y Z,GU T T,et al.Comparison of the broody behavior characteristics of different breeds of geese.[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(11):5226-5233.
[15] 国家畜禽遗传资源委员会.中国畜禽遗传资源志:家禽志[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011. CHINA NATIONAL COMMISSIONOF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES.Animal Genetic Resources in China:Poultry Annals[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2011.(in Chinese)
[16] 郭丹,王晶,齐广海,等.产蛋鸡低蛋白质饲粮中标准回肠可消化总含硫氨基酸与赖氨酸比例研究[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(1):148-158. GUO D,WANG J,QI G H,et al.Standard ileum digestible total sulfur amino acids to lysine ratio in low protein diet for laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(1):148-158.(in Chinese)
[17] VELDKAMP T,HOCKING P M,VINCO L J.Effect of crude protein concentration and dietary electrolyte balance on litter quality,foot pad dermatitis,growth performance and processing yields in two medium heavy turkey hybrids[J].British Poultry Science,2017,58(5):557-568.
[18] 吴东,夏伦志,江卫军,等.不同能量蛋白水平日粮对皖西白鹅种鹅产蛋性能和孵化性能的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2018,1:46-48. WU D,XIA L Z,JIANG W J,et al.Effects of diets with different energy and protein levels on laying performance and hatchability of Wanxibaie(Western Anhui province) breeder geese[J].Cereal & Feed Industry,2018,1:46-48.(in Chinese)
[19] 张健.产蛋鸡低蛋白饲粮主要必需氨基酸适宜水平研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018. ZHANG J.Estimation of optimum requirements for major essential amino acids in low-protein,amino acid-supplemented diets for laying hens[D].Tai'an:Shandong Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[20] AKAZOME Y,ABE T,MORI T.Differentiation of chicken gonad as an endocrine organ:Expression of LH receptor,FSH receptor,cytochrome P450c17 and aromatase genes[J].Reproduction,2002,123(5):721-728.
[21] MARCH J B,SHARP P J,WILSON P W,et al.Effect of active immunization against recombinant-derived chicken prolactin fusion protein on the onset of broodiness and photoinduced egg laying in bantam hens[J].Journal of Reproduction & Fertility,1994,101(1):227-233.
[22] 赵鑫.维生素、大豆黄酮和能量蛋白水平对浙东白鹅母鹅繁殖性能的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012. ZHAO X.Effect of vitamin,daidzein,energy and protein levels on reproduction of female Zhedong White goose[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[23] 和希顺.日粮蛋白水平和外源性GnRH类似物对溆浦鹅产蛋性能和卵泡发育的作用及其机制研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2008. HE X S.Laying performance and folliculogenesis of Xupu geese in response to dietary protein and exogenous GnRH analogue[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[24] REDDY I J,DAVID C G,SARMA P V,et al.The possible role of prolactin in laying performance and steroid hormone secretion in domestic hen (Gallus domesticus)[J].General and Comparative Endocrinology,2002,127:249-255.
[25] 杨玉,黄应祥,李清宏,等.不同日粮能量水平对蛋鸡血液FSH、LH、P₄和产蛋率的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(11):1195-1203. YANG Y,HUANG Y X,LI Q H,et al.Effects of diet energy on FSH,LH,P₄ in plasma and laying rates of layers[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2007,38(11):1195-1203.(in Chinese)
[26] 刘红云,张才乔.禽类下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的内分泌调节[J].中国兽医杂志,2006,9:41-43. LI H Y,ZHANG C Q.Endocrine regulation of hypothalamus pituitary gonad axis in poultry[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Medicine,2006,9:41-43.(in Chinese)
[27] 张克山,胡彦竞科,韩笑哲,等.鹅不同繁殖时期GnRH和GnIH基因表达和激素浓度变化分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(8):1720-1726. ZHANU K S,HU Y J K,HAN X Z,et al.Analysis of the serum concentrations and mRNA expression levels of GnRH and GnIH in geese during different reproductive periods[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2016,47(8):1720-1726.(in Chinese)
[28] 丁阳,卜星晨,袁超,等.日粮赖氨酸水平对绿壳蛋种鸡生产性能和血清激素及卵巢FSH和LH受体mRNA表达的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(3):36-41. DING Y,BU X C,YUAN C,et al.Effects of dietary lysine level on laying performance,serum hormones and mRNA expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and luteinizing hormone receptor in Green Shell laying breeder hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2016,52(3):36-41.(in Chinese)
[29] 张旭.籽鹅血清中FSH、LH和PRL与卵巢相应受体mRNA表达的关系[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2010. ZHANG X.The relationship of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone and prolactin in serum and expression of their receptors mRNA in the ovaries of Zigeese[D].Daqing:Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[30] HUANG Y M,SHI Z D,LIU Z,et al.Endocrine regulations of reproductive seasonality,follicular development and incubation in Magang geese[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2008,104(2-4):350-358.
[31] 黎观红,乐国伟,施用晖.氨基酸对基因表达的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2004,5:41-44. LI G H,LE G W,SHI Y H.Effect of amino acids on gene expression[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2004,5:41-44.(in Chinese)
[32] 李永洙,CUI Y Q.热应激对不同品种鸡繁殖性能、血液生殖激素及相关基因mRNA表达量的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2013,18(1):134-141. LI Y Z,CUI Y Q.Effects of heat stress on reproductive performance,blood reproductive hormone concentrations and gene mRNA expression in different varieties of chicken[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2013,18(1):134-141.(in Chinese)
[33] 杨海明,巨晓军,王志跃,等.光照时间和环境温度对种鹅繁殖系统及相关激素mRNA表达、分泌的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(13):2635-2644. YANG H M,JU X J,WANG Z Y,et al.Effects of illumination time and ambient temperature on reproductive system and gene expression and secretion of hormone in breeding geese[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(13):2635-2644.(in Chinese)