木薯及其副产品的营养价值及在动物生产中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

木薯耐干旱、耐贫瘠且易管理，其茎叶、块根及工业副产物营养物质含量较高，是一种优质的非常规饲料。木薯叶粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分含量较高，含有丰富的钙、铁、锌、锰。木薯块根是很好的能量来源，其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、矿物质、维生素含量低于木薯叶。木薯渣主要由木薯的外皮、破碎细胞壁等组成，粗蛋白质含量很低，粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量较高，矿物质、氨基酸丰富，但钙、磷、氨基酸不平衡。木薯品种、生长条件、收割方式、收获时间、加工工艺等均会影响木薯及其副产品营养物质的含量。木薯中含有氰化物、单宁及植酸等抗营养因子，其中氰化物是限制木薯应用的最主要因素，其可结合细胞色素C氧化酶，阻断线粒体电子传递链，抑制有氧呼吸，导致中枢神经系统抑制和死亡。单宁、植酸与蛋白质结合生成络合物，阻碍营养物质的消化吸收，可通过水煮、烘烤、干燥等物理化学方法，以及发酵、育种等手段对木薯进行脱毒。研究表明，木薯及其副产品可广泛应用于动物生产中，对动物生长性能、肉品质无不良影响。开发与利用非常规饲料有利于缓解饲料资源紧张，降低养殖成本。作者详细介绍了木薯及其副产品的营养价值、抗营养因子及其脱毒方法以及其在动物生产上的应用，以期为木薯在畜禽养殖中的综合利用提供一定的参考。

关键词: 木薯; 木薯叶; 木薯渣; 氰化物

Abstract:

Cassava is resistant to drought and easy to manage.Its stem,leaf,root and industrial by-products are rich with nutrients,which is a good non-conventional feed.The contents of crude protein,crude fat,ash,Ca,Fe, Zn and Mn in cassava leaves are rich.Compared with cassava leaves,cassava roots have a lower level of crude protein,crude fat,minerals and vitamins that is a good source of energy.Cassava residues are mainly composed of the skin and broken cells wall of cassava,which have very low content of crude protein,but rich with crude fiber,neutral detergent fiber,acid detergent fiber,mineral and amino acids.Ca,P and amino acids in cassava residue are imbalanced.The species,growth conditions,harvest methods,harvest time,processing technology will affect the nutrients contents of cassava and its by-products.Cassava contains cyanide,tannin,phytic acid and other anti-nutritive factors.Cyanide is the most important factor limiting cassava applications.Cyanide can bind cytochrome C oxidase,block the mitochondrial electron transport chain,inhibit aerobic respiration,and cause central nervous system depression and death.Tannin and phytic acid can combine with protein,which hinder the digestion and absorption of nutrients.Cassava can be detoxified by the physical and chemical methods,such as boiling, baking and drying,as well as fermentation,breeding and so on.Cassava and its by-products can be widely used in animal production, and have no adverse effects on animal's growth performance and meat quality.The development and utilization of unconventional feed is beneficial to alleviate the shortage of feed resources and reduce the cost of breeding.The nutritional value,anti-nutritional factors and detoxification methods,as well as its application in animal production of cassava and its by-product were introduced in order to provide theoretical basis and references for the comprehensive utilization of cassava in livestock and poultry breeding.

Key words: cassava; cassava leaf; cassava residue; cyanide

中图分类号:

S816.5

崔艺燕, 田志梅, 李贞明, 马现永. 木薯及其副产品的营养价值及在动物生产中的应用[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(8): 2135-2146.

CUI Yiyan, TIAN Zhimei, LI Zhenming, MA Xianyong. Nutritional Value of Cassava and Its By-products and Their Application in Animal Production[J]. , 2018, 45(8): 2135-2146.

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