Abstract: BTB (Bovine tuberculosis) is series of chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avian, et al. The lethality rate of BTB is one of the highest disease in all bovine transmissible diseases. It is very urgent to prevent and control the transimission and pervasion of this disease, since it can be transmited between domestic cattle and human and without effective treatment, which seriously affect the cattle industry and human health. The main measures of controlling BTB including in quanrantine cows on time and remove the infected cows. In recent years, with the development of life science, the traditional bacterial detection method, immunology detection and molecular biology methods are combined well together, particularly the development on molecular levels gradually improved the bovine tuberculosis of diagnostic method, meanwhile, many of specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens and genes were found, which palyed a signifcant role in elucidating the molecular evolution and genetic variation of bovine tuberculosis Mycobacterium.

Key words: bovine tuberculosis; Mycobacterium; diagnosic method