哺乳动物卵母细胞纺锤体的形成及纺锤体检验点的作用机制

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.04.016

Abstract

Abstract:

The accurate separation of chromosomes is completed under the correct assembly of spindles and the monitoring of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC).For the mammalian oocytes,the spindle formation and SAC are the important factors to ensure the accurate separation of chromosomes.If the chromosome is separated incorrectly,it will directly lead to spontaneous abortion or other birth defects.After the oocyte centrosome is deleted,the cells can still form a bipolar spindle by antiparallel arrangement of microtubules which are nucleated around the chromosome independent of the centrosome,that is self-assembled spindle.The microtubules are gathered by the microtubule organization center (MTOC),the maturation promoting factor (MPF) maintains the formation process of the spindle during the two meiosis,and the cytostatic factor (CSF) maintains the metaphase structure,so that the spindle remains stable when the chromosomes do not all converge on the equatorial plate.The heavy volume of sites is prone to aneuploidy,and the particularity that sites don't contain centrosomes leads to a dispute over whether SAC exists on site for a long time,but now SAC is one of the mechanisms to ensure accurate chromosome separation from sites.There is a kind of adhesion between chromosomes in meiosis metaphors,and the ‘wait-later’ signal produced by the cell inhibits SAC activity so as to retain the adhesion stable until all chromosomes complete the connection with the spindle,and the ‘wait-later’ signal is inactivated,SAC starts to inactivate the adhesion between chromosomes,and then chromosomes are separated under the action of the spindle.This paper reviews the specific assembly process of spindles and the composition and mechanism of spindle checkpoints during meiosis,which enriches our understanding of meiosis and provides a basis of the formation mechanism of aneuploid during meiosis.

Key words: spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC); meiosis; mitosis; spindle assembly; cell division

CLC Number:

S814

HAN Yuping, CAO Junguo, YANG Yifeng, XU Baozeng. The Spindle Formation of Mammalian Oocytes and the Mechanism of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Examination[J]. , 2019, 46(4): 1094-1100.

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The Spindle Formation of Mammalian Oocytes and the Mechanism of Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Examination

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