东阿黑驴育种规划优化的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.10.018

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2021, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (10): 3670-3681.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.10.018

东阿黑驴育种规划优化的研究

杨涛^1,2, 崔冉^1,2, 张新浩³, 杨莉³, 王敏^1,2, 刘宇^1,2, 凌遥¹, 李海静³, 赵春江^1,2

1. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 北京 100193;
2. 中国农业大学马研究中心, 北京 100193;
3. 东阿阿胶股份有限公司, 国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心, 东阿 252201

收稿日期:2021-03-19 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-09-30
通讯作者: 李海静, 赵春江 E-mail:lihaijing@dongeejiao.com;cjzhao@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:杨涛(1994-),男,陕西安康人,硕士,研究方向:动物遗传育种,E-mail:yangtao0518@126.com;崔冉(1996-),女,山东德州人,博士,研究方向:动物遗传育种,E-mail:764334377@qq.com
基金资助:
校企重点研发项目：东阿黑驴育种综合配套技术研究（性状综合选育部分）（201605410411094）；国家家养动物种质库项目；山东省农业良种工程：地方良种皮、肉专门化新品系选育（2017LZGC020）

Study on the Optimization of Breeding Plan for Dong'e Black Donkey

YANG Tao^1,2, CUI Ran^1,2, ZHANG Xinhao³, YANG Li³, WANG Min^1,2, LIU Yu^1,2, LING Yao¹, LI Haijing³, ZHAO Chunjiang^1,2

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
2. Equine Center of China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong E E Jiao Co., Ltd., Dong'e 252201, China

Received:2021-03-19 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-09-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 东阿黑驴是以德州驴为基础群向皮肉兼用型方向选育的新品种，本研究拟在其现有育种方案的基础上，探讨不同育种措施的最优化组合方案，为建立优质、高效的东阿黑驴育种体系奠定基础，为中国驴育种实践提供参考。本研究根据东阿黑驴的生产和育种现状，以选择指数法和基因流动法为基本方法，应用育种规划程序ZPLAN分析东阿黑驴现行育种方案的育种成效，对影响育种成效的各个因素进行优化分析，最终确定优化后的育种方案。结果表明，现行方案在投资规划期内可完成的遗传进展和育种效益分别为271.78和1 123.70元/（头·年），世代间隔为5.24年，每年每个性状遗传进展分别为断奶重提高1.50 kg，18月龄体重提高0.09 kg，初产年龄缩短0.02 d，产犊间隔缩短0.17 d，皮产量增加1.04 kg。对影响育种的因素进行不同水平的组合分析，当群体规模理想状态为30 000头，主动育种群比例为0.5，育种群中种子公驴、测验公驴和种用母驴使用年限为1年，种子母驴使用年限为2年，生产群中公、母驴使用年限为1年时，可获得最大的育种遗传进展和育种效益，分别为320.40和2 945.00元/（头·年），比现行育种方案分别高出17.9%和162.0%。东阿黑驴目前的育种方案没有达到理想育种状态，有较大的改进空间。研究通过对育种主要影响因素的不同水平优化组合，得到了最优的育种方案，使遗传进展和育种效益达到了最大化。

关键词: 东阿黑驴; 育种规划; 遗传进展; 育种效益

Abstract: Dong'e Black donkey was a new breed of skin and meat type as the basic group of Dezhou donkey. The aims of the present study was to explore the optimal combination of different breeding measures on the basis of the current breeding program, in order to establish a high-quality and efficient Dong'e Black donkey breeding system. Based on the production and breeding situation of Dong'e Black donkey, with selection index and gene flow methods, the ZPLAN software was used to analyze the breeding efficiency of current breeding program, and optimize the various factors affecting the breeding program of Dong'e Black donkey. The results showed that the genetic progress of the current breeding program was 271.78 ￥ per donkey and per year, the breeding profit was 1 123.70 ￥ per donkey and per year, and the current generation interval was 5.24 years. The improvement of each trait during the breeding period were as following:Weaning weight, 1.50 kg;18th months weight, 0.09 kg;First calving age, -0.02 days;Calving interval, -0.17 days;Skin production, 1.04 kg. The combination analysis of different levels of optimized factors showed:Based on the total herd size of base donkey population of 30 000, the proportion of breeding groups was 0.5, the service life of seed male donkey, test male donkey and breeding female donkey in breeding group was 1 year, the service life of seed female donkey was 2 years, and the service life of male and female donkey in production group was 1 year, the maximum genetic progress and breeding profits would be obtained, which were 320.40 ￥ per donkey and per year, 2 945.00￥ per donkey and per year. They were 17.9% and 162.0% higher than the current breeding programs. The current breeding program of Dong'e Black donkey had not reached the ideal breeding status, and more improvement was needed for it. After optimizing all the influencing factors, the maximum genetic progress and breeding profits could be obtained.

Key words: Dong'e Black donkey; breeding program; genetic progress; breeding profit

中图分类号:

S822

杨涛, 崔冉, 张新浩, 杨莉, 王敏, 刘宇, 凌遥, 李海静, 赵春江. 东阿黑驴育种规划优化的研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(10): 3670-3681.

YANG Tao, CUI Ran, ZHANG Xinhao, YANG Li, WANG Min, LIU Yu, LING Yao, LI Haijing, ZHAO Chunjiang. Study on the Optimization of Breeding Plan for Dong'e Black Donkey[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(10): 3670-3681.

参考文献

[1] 司占军, 金晖.我国驴业生产发展现状及趋势分析[J]. 新农业, 2018, 23:47. SI Z J, JIN H.Development status and trend analysis of Chinese donkey industry[J]. Xin Nongye, 2018, 23:47.(in Chinese)
[2] 庄进光, 庄哲."东阿黑毛驴"产业纵深发展之路[J]. 中国畜牧业, 2018, 11:80-81. ZHUANG J G, ZHUANG Z.The road of Dong'e donkey industrial development[J]. China Animal Industry, 2018, 11:80-81.(in Chinese)
[3] 张莉, 杜立新.对我国驴产业发展的思考与建议[J]. 草食家畜, 2015, 5:1-5. ZHANG L, DU L X.Considerations and suggestions on the development of China donkey industry[J]. Grass-feeding Livestock, 2015, 5:1-5.(in Chinese)
[4] 周靖航.新疆褐牛育种目标确定及育种方案优化研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学, 2016. ZHOU J H.Research on definition of breeding goal and optimization of breeding scheme for Xinjiang brown cattle[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University, 2016.(in Chinese)
[5] 张沅.家畜育种规划[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 2000. ZHANG Y.Breeding Plan in Domestic Animals[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 2000.(in Chinese)
[6] 柳楠, 石国庆, 田可川, 等.优质超细毛羊优化育种方案的研究[A].中国畜牧兽医学会信息技术分会2008年会学术研讨会[C].2008. LIU N, SHI G Q, TIAN K C, et al.Study on optimal breeding scheme of high quality ultra-fine wool sheep[A].Seminar of 2008 Annual Meeting of Information Technology Branch of Chinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine[C].2008.(in Chinese)
[7] 崔冉.东阿黑驴育种规划优化研究[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2019. CUI R.Study on the optimization of breeding plan for Dong'e donkey[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2019.(in Chinese)
[8] 王立国.秦川牛肉用新品种(系)优化育种规划的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2006. WANG L G.Study on new meat breed(strain) of optimum breeding scheme for Qinchuan cattle[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2006.(in Chinese)
[9] ZHAO Z B, KAO C H, et al.Estimating the genetic architecture of quantitative traits[J]. Genetical Research, 1999, 74:279-289.
[10] 周振勇, 李红波, 闫向民, 等.新疆褐牛主要经济性状的遗传参数估计[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 2:8-12. ZHOU Z Y, LI H B, YAN X M, et al.Estimation of genetic parameters of main economic traits of Xinjiang brown cattle[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 2:8-12.(in Chinese)
[11] 陈军.中国荷斯坦奶牛育种目标的确定和育种规划优化[D].北京:中国农业大学, 2009. CHEN J.Study on determination of breeding objective and optimization of breeding plan for Chinese Holstein[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University, 2009.(in Chinese)
[12] 任建存.秦川肉牛群选群育开放核心群育种体系的建立及技术体系优化研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2008. REN J C.Study on establishment and optimization of the technical system for population-based selection in open nucleus breeding system of Qinchuan beef cattle[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2008.(in Chinese)
[13] JAMES J W.Index selection for both current future generation gains[J]. Animal Production, 1978, 26:111-118.
[14] 马秋萌.三河牛育种目标的确定和育种规划优化研究[D].宁夏:宁夏大学, 2013. MA Q M.Study on determination of breeding goal and optimization of breeding program for Sanhe Cattle[D].Ningxia:Ningxia University, 2013.(in Chinese)
[15] SHEPHERD R K, KINGHORN B P.A deterministic model of BLUP selection in two tier open nucleus breeding schemes[J]. Livestock Production Science, 1993, 33(3-4):341-354.
[16] BERGER N.Review:Potential effects of vitamins A and D on marbling deposition in beef cattle[J]. The Professional Animal Scientist, 2005, 21(3):174.
[17] 张沅, 张勤.畜禽育种中的线性模型[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社, 1993. ZHANG Y, ZHANG Q.Linear Model in Livestock Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agricultural University Press, 1993.(in Chinese)
[18] NITTER G H, BARTEN K, KARRAS E, et al.ZPLAN——A PC program to optimize livestock selection schemes[M].Baden-Württemberg:University of Hohenheim, 2007.
[19] JAMES J W.Determination of optimal selection policies[J]. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 1987, 104:23-27.
[20] BICHARD M.Dissemination of genetic improvement through a live stock industry[J]. Animal Production, 1971, 13:401-411.
[21] WRAY N R, GODDARD M E.Increasing long-term response to selection[J]. Genetique Selection Evolution, 1994, 26:431-451.
[22] 薛景龙.中国肉用西门塔尔牛育种目标性状的选择及优化育种规划的研究[D].吉林:吉林农业大学, 2016. XUE J L.Study on selection of breeding goal and optimization of breeding scheme for Chinese beef Simmental cattle[D].Jilin:Jilin Agricultural University, 2016.(in Chinese)
[23] EMAMDOOST F.Comparison of genetic gain from single-stage and two-stage selection in an open nucleus breeding scheme[J]. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 2015, 9(1):136-139.
[24] GIZAW S, RISCHKOWSKY B, VALLE Z, et al.Breeding programs for smallholder sheep farming systems:Ⅰ.Evaluation of alternative designs of breeding schemes[J]. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics, 2014, 5(13):341-349.
[25] BEGAZ A, SOLKNER S, GIZAW J, et al.Optimizing alternative schemes of community-based breeding programs for two Ethiopian goat breeds[A].Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium Animal Science Days[C].2014.
[26] AKANNO E C, SCHENKEL F S, FRIENDSHIP R M, et al.Relative economic returns from selection schemes for a nucleus swine breeding program[J]. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 2013, 25(3):53.
[27] CHEN J, WANG Y C, ZHANG Y.et al.Evaluation of breeding programs combining genomic information in Chinese Holstein[J]. Agricultural Sciences in China, 2011, 10(12):1949-1957.
[28] SOLKNER J, MIESENBERGER J, WILLAM A, et al.Total merit indices in dual purpose cattle[J]. Archiv Fur Tierzucht-archives of Animal Breeding, 2000, 43(6):597-608.

东阿黑驴育种规划优化的研究

Study on the Optimization of Breeding Plan for Dong'e Black Donkey

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价