Abstract: Bluetongue virus (BTV) is transmitted from infected to susceptible ruminants by hematophagous vector midges (Culicoides species).Amongst domestic livestock,bluetongue is most common in certain breeds of sheep. BTV infection of sheep with clinical symptom is typical in enzootic regions. BTV infection of cattle are most common,whereas asymptomatic. This review analysed and summarized the BTV epidemic situation and potential spread of disease transimission line,as well as the progress on the molecular biology and pathogensis of BTV and the host immune response against BTV. Furthermore,the advances on vaccine of BTV were descirbed,and also suggested to enhance the study of BTV for provention BTV in the future.

Key words: bluetongue virus(BTV); epidemic situation; pathogen molecular biology; immunology