This study was aimed to analyze the structure and function of BMPR-IB gene coding protein by bioinformatics. The primary structure, secondary structure, subcellular localization, tertiary structure, important functional motifs and functional classification of BMPR-IB gene coding protein in goat were predicted and analyzed by online softwares. Phylogenetic tree of BMPR-IB gene coding proteins of different species were constructed by maximum likelihood method and phylogenetic analysis was performed.The results showed that the goat BMPR-IB gene encoded 502 amino acids, its coding protein belonged to an unstable hydrophilic protein. Secondary structure was mainly beta-sheet (63.5%). The protein was mainly located in the nucleus, and also distributed in mitochondria, cytoplasm, vesicle secretion system and plasma membrane. The proteins mainly played the roles of purine and pyrimidine, regulation, transport and binding, signal transduction and so on. There were one transmembrane domains in the location of 127th to 149th amino acids, the GS domain in the location of 174th to 203th amino acids and the protein kinase domain in the location of 204th to 494th amino acids were highly conserved motifs. The tertiary structure consisted of sheet fragment structure enrichment domain and helix helical structure enrichment domain. The results of phylogenetic analysis of BMPR-IB gene in different species was consistent with the results of animal taxonomy, and suggested that BMPR-IB gene was associated with the fertility traits. The structure and function of BMPR-IB gene coding protein in goat were analyzed by different online prediction software, which provided theoretical guidance for further study ofBMPR-IB gene.

In this study,to investigate the regulatory role of methyltransferase-like protein 3 (METTL3) on milk protein and fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC),different BMEC models were established, the expression of related genes and localization of METTL3 were detected,and the impact of METTL3 on milk protein and fat synthesis in BMEC after adding β-estrogen (E),methionine (Met),and overexpression or inhibition of METTL3 were measured using Western blotting and imunofluorescience methods. The results showed that when E and Met were added or the METTL3 expression was promoted,the expressions of mTOR,p-mTOR,GlyRS,p-GlyRS,CSN2 and SREBP-1c were increased,oppositely,the gene expression were decreased. Those results indicated that METTL3 could affect the milk fat and protein synthesis by adjusting the expression of related signaling pathway gene.METTL3 was one of the important regulating milk synthetic molecules and had an positively regulation on milk fat and protein synthesis in cells.

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of RU486 (mifepristone) on sperm penetration through the cumulus cells layer during fertilization in mice. After 20 μg/mL RU486 was added into the capacitation or the sperm/cumulus penetration medium, respectively, the experiments were conducted to evaluate the ratio of sperm acrosome reaction and ability of sperm/cumulus penetration. The results showed that the addition of RU486 significantly suppressed 5 μg/mL P₄-induced acrosome reaction in the capacitated sperm (P <0.01), and decreased sperm penetrating through the cumulus matrix and reaching the oocyte zona pellucid (ZP) and also remarkably reduced the percentage of acrosome-reacted sperm within the oocyte-cumulus complex (OCC)(P <0.01). Compared with the addition of RU486 alone, P₄ did not reverse the inhibitory effects of RU486 on the acrosome reaction of sperm within the OCC, though it still improved sperm penetration through the cumulus matrix and reaching the ZP (P <0.01). Therefore, RU486 could inhibit P₄-induced acrosome reaction and decrease sperm penetration through the cumulus matrix, which suggested that P₄/progesteron receptor (PGR) pathway might be very important for sperm penetration through the cumulus cell layer.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has proved to be a powerful tool for target-specific gene silencing via RNA interference (RNAi). Its ability to control targeted gene expression gives new hope to gene therapy as a treatment for cancers and genetic diseases. However,siRNA shows poor pharmacological properties, such as low serum stability,off-targeting, and innate immune responses, which present a significant challenge for clinical applications.In addition, siRNA cannot cross the cell membrane for siRNA activity because of its anionic property and stiff structure.Therefore, the development of a safe,stable,and efficient system for the delivery of siRNA therapeutics into the cytoplasm of targeted cells is crucial. Several nanoparticle platforms for siRNA delivery have been developed to overcome the major hurdles facing the therapeutic uses of siRNA. This review covers a broad spectrum of non-viral siRNA delivery systems developed for enhanced cellular uptake and targeted gene silencing in vitro and in vivo, and discusses their characteristics and opportunities for clinical applications of therapeutic siRNA,in order to lay a good foundation for the later research.

This study was aimed to clone the coding sequence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) from the antler tissue at the top of the Tarim Red deer, and analyze the molecular properties and expression in antler tissue. This study extracted total RNA in antler tip by improved Trizol method and got the VEGF gene by RT-PCR method, then purified and connected it to pMD18-T vector, and conversed it into Escherichia coli DH5α, the expression of the VEGF protein at the top of antler tissue, between the cortex and chopped level of mesenchymal and cartilage layer in Red deer were determined using immunohistochemical method. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) length of VEGF gene was 648 bp, and encoding 216 amino acids, sequence homology of the nucleotide were 98.75%, 96.55%, 97.58% and 97.56% comparing with human, cattle, sheep and pig, respectively. The VEGF of Tarim Red deer antler was high similarity with that of human through its sequence analysis and comparison. The VEGF protein were expressed in the top of antler tissue, including skin mesenchymal and cartilage layer from immunohistochemical experiment, but there was no obvious difference. It was predicted that the Tarim Red deer antler might be ideal model of the blood vessel related of regenerative medicine diseases for human research.

In order to set up and optimize a semi-nested PCR for rapid detection of chicken parvovirus (ChPV), three specific primers were designed according to conserved sequences of NS 1 gene of ChPV. The specificity and sensitivity of ChPV semi-nested PCR were tested, and the assay was applied to detect 48 clinical samples. The specificity and sensitivity tests showed that this semi-nested PCR was only sensitive to ChPV for amplifying specific band of 186 bp and it could detect 5.62 fg/μL of ChPV DNA, without any sensitivity to other viruses, such as Newcastle disease virus, H9 subtype avian influenza virus, Marek's disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus and infectious bronchitis virus. 48 chicken samples were detected and the positive rate was 16.67% (8/48). The results of our study demonstrated that the optimized semi-nested PCR could be a method that was suitable for clinical detection of ChPV.

To investigate the cause of piglets diarrhea, and the distribution of the serotype and virulence factors of swine Escherichia coli in Beijing, 400 diarrhea samples were collected. TSA serum agar culture method was used to isolate Escherichia coli, serotype identification test and virulence factor genes test were used to verify the presence of O-antigen. 64 strains of E.coli were isolated from 400 diarrhea samples, among which 42 strains of E.coli were classified as 8 serotypes:O101(18.7%),O64(12.5%),O8(10.9%),O20(10.9%),O45(4.7%),O149(4.7%),O2(1.6%) and O89(1.6%), and the major virulence factors were STa, Stx2e, astA and eaeA. There were 8 mainly serotypes that caused piglets diarrhea in Beijing area, among which O101 serotype accounted for the highest proportion. The major virulence factors were astA and eaeA, accounted for more than 50% of all strains, STa and Stx2e accounted for more than 30% of all strains. These data would provide effective data to support the prevention and control of piglet diarrhea in Beijing.

In order to extract and purify the capsular polysaccharide of Enterococcus faecium and measure contents of polysaccharide, high pressure crushing methods and enzyme decomposition methods (RNase A (25 μg/mL), DNase (0.5 mg/mL), lysozyme (0.25 mg/mL) and protease K (1.25 mg/mL)) were used to remove the nucleic acids and proteins to obtain crude capsular polysaccharide, and centrifugal ultrafiltration with 30 and 100 ku ultrafiltration centrifuge tubes and DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography were also adopted to obtain the purified capsular polysaccharides of Enterococcus faecium. Then the content of polysaccharide was determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method. The results showed the capsular polysaccharide content was 75.21%. The results revealed that capsular polysaccharide ofEnterococcus faecium was extracted successfully. The method of extracting capsular polysaccharide in Enterococcus faecium was established initially.

The experiment was conducted to explore the distribution of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in Yellow feather broiler,and to investigate the morphological characteristics of glial cells of chicken. The distribution of GFAP was studied by immunohistochemistry SABC-AP method. The results showed that GFAP were expressed strong positively in chicken small intestinal mucosa epithelium, intestinal gland cell cavity surface, submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus; The expressions of GFAP were positive in the mucosal lamina propria and myenteric nerve plexus around the blood vessel; In avian escherichia sticky epithelial membrane, colorectal adenocarcinoma,GFAP were expressed positively, and the expressions were strong positive in mucosa epithelium, submucosal plexus and myenteric plexus. GFAP was one of the specific marker of enteric glial cells, and the observation of distribution of GFAP in chicken intestinal tract was help for elucidating the enteric glial cells in the distribution of the intestine and providing the morphological basis for the study of chicken glial cell function.

Generally, lipid droplets are storage of triglycerides in adipocytes, but recent researches indicate that the transport, storage and steatolysis mobilization of fat in the cells are all based on lipid droplets, various phenomena reveal that lipid droplets is not only a simple energy storage in cells, but also more of a multifunctional organelle. By analyzing the structure of lipid droplets, it has been found that with neutral fat as the core, lipid droplets are covered with single phospholipid and embedded with a variety of functional proteins, which are referred as lipid droplets associated proteins. Lipid droplets associated protein correlated with lipid droplets are involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction and other physiological processes in different forms. It can be divided into three categories according to the different bearing capacity of proteins, including lipid droplet structural protein, lipid droplet associated protein and lipid transport protein. Among them, structural proteins, such as proteins in the PAT family and CIDE family proteins, play important roles in the regulation of lipid droplet growth and metabolism.In addition, hormone-sensitive lipase, adipose triglyceride lipase and Rab protein, as well as other metabolism and transport proteins are suggested to be involved in lipid droplets development through different forms. At present, new types and mechanisms of lipid droplets related proteins are still being explored. This review is to address the research progress of lipid droplets, lipid metabolism and lipid droplets related proteins in cells.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different crude protein (CP) levels of concentrate on the growth and development of Xinong Sannen dairy goat lambs.60 lambs(40 male and 20 female) with good similarity in age (5 days) and birth weight were selected and randomly allocated to 4 groups. The groups M16 and M20 were males with 20 lambs per group,groups F16 and F20 were females with 10 lambs per group. The groups M16 and F16 were fed supplementary concentrate with 16% CP,the others were fed supplementary concentrate with 20% CP. The test lasted for 18 weeks,and the weight and body size indexes of the lambs were measured every 2 weeks,and the blood samples were collected and the biochemical indexes were analyzed. The results showed that the weight of lambs in 20% CP group had an increaseing trend than that in 16% CP group,and that was more apparent in male lamb. The body height,rump height,rump length,body length,chest depth and chest circumference of lambs in 20% CP group were greater than that of the 16% CP group.Male lambs seemed to have a faster tendency than female lambs in growth and development during the trial period.There was no significant effect on most of blood biochemical indexes among different CP levels groups (P >0.05).High CP level diet could easily trigger diarrhea.So,the feeding amount with high CP level concentrate should be controlled during lamb cultivation.Compared with 16% CP in concentrate,the 20% CP was more beneficial to grow and develop to the lambs.

This study was aimed to investigate the changing rule of gastrointestinal full weight,relative net weight,volume and length of the lamb at 0 to 56 days of age.24 Shaanbei White cashmere goat were divided into eight groups (3 goats per group),which were slaughtered for collecting sampling at 0,3,7,14,21,28,42 and 56 days of age, respectively.The growth development in different stages and the gastrointestinal tract parameters such as total weight,relative net weight,volume and length were determined. The results showed that the relative net weight of stomach room increased rapidly apart from abomasum. The growth rate was relatively higher after 7 days of age.The ratio of rumen, reticulum and omasum net weight to full stomach net weight increased from 29.34% to 52.53%,11.83% to 14.77% and 6.54% to 9.34%,while that of abomasum decreased from 52.29% to 23.36%. The net weight of each parts of the small intestine was growing,and the percentage of duodenum net weight to whole small intestine weight remained about 3.5% during the whole experiment,that of jejunum was about 90%,while that of ileum remained around 1% before 14 days of age and 5% after 14 days of age.The total weight of each part of the large intestine increased rapidly. Specially,the total weight of caecum, colon and rectum increased from 5.29 g to 43.31 g,11.67 g to 200.45 g and 3.03 g to 53.02 g.There was a slow growth in the early period,then the total weight of each part of the large intestine increased rapidly from 28 days of age. In conclusion,it was a critical point of goat all-round development in 28 days of age, and the digestive tract parameters would rapidly grow after 28 days of age, especially the organs like rumen,ileum,caecum and colon which could effectively digest the fiber. Thus,we suggested that 28 days old was practicable for weaning combining various factors.

The effect of different intake levels of VB₁ and VB₂ on plasma of VB₁,E-TKA,TPP effect,urinary of VB₁ excretion and plasma of VB₂,E-GRAC,urinary of VB₂ excretion was studied to get VB₁ and VB₂ requirements of Yili horse.Twenty-five healthy male Yili horse,with six-month old and average body weight of (117.12±13.33)kg,were randomly divided into 5 groups.The horses in trail groupⅠ,trail groupⅡ,trail groupⅢ,trail group Ⅳ and trail group Ⅴ,were fed with the same basal diet and added 0,10,20,30,40 mg of VB₁ and added 0,7,14,21,28 mg of VB₂,respectively.The results showed that VB₁ level,E-TKA in plasma,urinary of VB₁ excretion were significantly increased (P <0.05), and TPP effect were extremely significantly reduced with the increasing intake of dietary VB₁ (P <0.01).With the increasing intake of dietary VB₂,plasma VB₂ level,urinary of VB₂ excretion were improved significantly (P <0.05),and E-GRAC were reduced extremely significantly (P <0.01).Based on the results in this study,the optimal requirements of VB₁ and VB₂ were 33.32 and 18.73 mg/(horse·d) in six-month old Yili horse,respectively.

The experiment was performed to evaluate the feed value of soybean curb residues by Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system (CNCPS) and in vitro gas production technique.Common nutrient and fermentation parameter of soybean curb residues were determined,and the carbohydrate (CHO) and crude protein (CP) components were calculated respectively according to the CNCPS method. The results showed that CP content of soybean curb residues was 14% to 25%, EE content was 1.9% to 2.9%, and metabolic energy was 10 to 12 MJ/kg DM. Rapidly degraded protein (PA+PB₁) and slowly degraded protein (PB₂+PB₃) nearly were the same level,and bound protein (PC) was less. Potential available CHO (CA+CB₁+CB₂) was high. The gas production reached 70 mL, NH₃-N content was 8 to 23 mg/dL,TVFA content was 46 to 70 mmol/L. There were significant differences in nutrient components and fermentation situation between soybean curb residues. The highest gas production(B) of Lingyuan soybean curb residues was the highest which was extremely significantly higher than others (P <0.01), and there was no significant difference between the gas generation rate (C) among 4 kinds of samples (P >0.05).Liaoyuan soybean curb residues had the highest NH₃-N content,which was extremely significantly higher than the others (P <0.01), and there were extremely significant difference in VFA among 4 kinds of soybean curb residues (P <0.01).TDN and other energy value had obviously difference between soybean curb residues from different places, and Xinmin soybean curb residues had the lowest energy value that was extremely significantly lower than others (P <0.01).The results indicated that as a ruminant non-grain feed,soybean curb residues had high available energy and beneficial for protein synthesis of rumen microorganisms.

Calves health were related to the quality of entire herd,reducing the mortality rate of calves had important significance to improve the efficiency of pasture. In order to better understand the mortality rate and influencing factors on calves death,the combined methods of field survey and data analysis were adopted to analyze the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves and Holstein calves. Based on the 7 157 calves records of a cattle farm in nearly 16 years, preliminary statistical analysis were taken on these data in Excel. According to the characteristics of Xinjiang climate, the seasons was divided into four parts that from March to May was spring, June to August was summer, September to November was autumn, and December to next year February was winter. Varieties of breeds were the Xinjiang Brown calves and Holstein calves, the years of birth from 1999 to 2014 was divided into 16 levels, the sex of born calves were divided into 2 levels that males and females. The effects of different years, breeds, seasons of birth, sex of calves, and different ages on the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves were analyzed using SAS 8.1 software. The results showed that different breeds, years, seasons of birth, and sex of calves affected the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves with different extent,the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves was higher than Holstein calves (P <0.05);At one month old, the mortality rate of Xinjiang Brown calves was higher than Holstein calves (P <0.05);The mortality rate in 2006, 2009 and 2010 were higher than other years (P <0.05), the calf mortality rate was relatively small from 2011 to 2014;The mortality rate of winter seasons was higher than summer (P <0.05). To reduce the mortality rate of calves was a problem that could not be ignored in the process of cattle breeding. The calves mortality rate was affected by genetic and environmental factors, only by controlling the various environmental factors with reasonable ways, could improve the health level of calves.

The late pregnancy is a critical period of fetal growth and development. As approximately 80% of fetal body weight is obtained during late gestation, so that the amount of energy needed for the ewes at this period is much greater than the other periods. Now ewes with multiple fetuses are mutton sheep breeding cultivation objectives, however,under the grazing or confined feeding conditions where nutrient requirement can't satisfy the nutrient requirement of sheep, especially for pregnant ewes with twins or more lambs.The body glycogen and protein as well as body fat will be mobilized for energy needed for the fetal growth and reproduction, which would lead to bad influence on ewes (metabolic disorders, liver function damage, pregnancy toxemia, embryonic development and health) and also on lamb (weak lamb, dead lamb and health). Therefore, investigating the effects of dietary energy levels during late gestation on the ewe's health and growth performance of lambs are essential for the sustainability of livestock production systems. This review summarized the effect of different energy levels on the ewes' health, reproductive performance of the ewes, lactation performance, embryo development and the growth of lambs, then expounded the roles of energy in later gestation. When the dietary energy of ewes in late gestation are restricted, the weight, breast development, lactation capacity, pregnancy rate will all be decreased, and the growth rate and organ development of embryos and lamb will also be restricted.

This experiment was aimed to investigate the effects of different particle sizes of feeds on rumen fermentation using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). There were two treatments (5 and 0.45 mm) with 4 replicates per group. After 10 days'adaptations,the fermentation parameters were determined for 2 days,and the total gas production,methane production and fermentation parameters were determined. The results showed that the total gas production of 5 nm group was extremely significantly higher than that of 0.45 nm group (P <0.01),while methane production of the two group was no significant difference (P >0.05).The ruminal fluid pH at 6 h,acetic acid at 6 and 9 h, isobutyric acid at 6 h, acetic acid to propionic acid ratio at 12 h,butyric acid at 6 h,total volatile fatty acids at 0,12 h and total nitrogen at 6 and 9 h in 5 mm group were significantly or extremely significantly greater than those in 0.45 mm group (P <0.05;P <0.01). While propionic acid at 12 h and valeric acid at 3,6,9 and 12 h in 5 mm group were significantly or extremely significantly lower than that in 0.45 mm group (P <0.05;P <0.01).Other parameters were not significantly affected by particle size (P >0.05). These results certified that the particle size of feeds in Rusitec did affected the rumen fermentation. Large size improved the gas production,acetic acid to propionic acid ratio,total volatile fatty acids and total nitrogen cotents.

This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of adding molasses and silage additives(compound bacterium preparation,mainly Lactobacillus plantarum) on fermentation quality and nutrition ingredients of “Zhang Hybrid Millet” silage.“Zhang Hybrid Millet” whole plant of raw were collected as materials, 5 groups were designed in the study:Control group was untreated,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were added 1.5‰ additives,2% molasses+1.5‰ additives, 4% molasses+1.5‰ additives and 6% molasses+1.5‰ additives to “Zhang Hybrid Millet” whole plant silage,respectively, and the ensiling period was lasted for 60 days. The results showed that:①The sensory score was affected by molasses and silage additives,and experimental groups had better sensory score, the DM content in experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05),and the CP content of experimental groups were higher.②The ADF,NDF and HC contents of experimental groups (except group Ⅰ) were significantly decreased (P <0.05),while Ash content was no significantly affected (P >0.05). ③Compared with the control group,the pH and AN/TN of the experimental group were significantly decreased (P <0.05),but the lactic acid were significantly increased (P <0.05).The acetic acid content of groups Ⅰ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased (P <0.05),the propionic acid of the experimental group was significantly decreased (P <0.05),and the butyric acid and isovaleric acid of all groups were not detected. In conclusion,adding molasses and additives to the “Zhang Hybrid Millet” whole plant silage could improve the fermentation quality,we concluded that the proper supplement dosage of molasses was 4% and silage additives was 1.5 ‰ in millet silage.

The aim of this trial was to discuss the effects of Mozart music, light music and original music on the lactation and antioxidant capacity of lactating cows.64 Holstein lactating cows with similar milk yield, age,parity and lactation period were enrolled and randomly divided into four groups (Mozart music, light music, original music and the control groups) with 16 cows in each group. Music was played 3 times at morning, afternoon, and evening per day in the three trial groups, with each time for 2 h, and no music played in the control group. From the beginning of trial period (0 day), milk yield per unit was measured and blood samples were collected for testing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) every 20 d.The preliminary trial period was 7 d, and the trial period was 60 d. The results showed as followed:On the 20th day, comparing with the control group, the milk yield of cows in light music and Mozart music groups were both significantly higher (P <0.05); The serum activities of SOD in 3 trial groups were all significantly higher (P <0.05); The serum contents of MDA in light music and Mozart music groups were both significantly lower (P <0.05); And the activities of GSH-Px in light music and Mozart music groups were both significantly higher (P <0.05). During the trial period from 0 to 60 d, the serum amount of T-AOC in light music and Mozart music groups were both significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05). In conclusion, light music and Mozart music had the tendency of increasing the milk yield of cows. Original music had shown no obvious effects on the cows' milk performance.Light music,Mozart music and original music had the tendency of improving antioxidant capacity of dairy cows.

Domestic alfalfa supply has the obvious price advantage in the local dairy farms,but its feasible amount of feeding and the effect on the quality of fresh milk are still unclear for a lack of scientific experimental evidence. The alfalfa growed in Daqing city, Heilongjiang province was used in the present study,and one-year feeding experiment was performed to analyze the effect of alfalfa on the quality of fresh milk in the local 9 large-scale dairy farms. The results showed that compared with control group,the nutrient of fresh milk were not significantly improred when the amout of alfalfa was 3 kg/d (P >0.05).While the cude protein and dry matter of fresh milk were significantly increased (P <0.05) when the amount of alfalfa addition in the diet was 6 kg/d, but the milk fat and lactose percentage were not significantly affected (P <0.05). Moreover,the alfalfa addition in diet resulted in a significantly increase of unsaturated fatty acid percentage (P <0.05) and optimization of fatty acid composition of the fresh milk. In conclusion,it was helpful to improve the nutritional quality of fresh milk by changing the alfalfa amount of 3 kg/d,which was commonly used at present in dairy farms,to be 6 kg/d.

The objective of this review was to know the latest progress of feed application in beef cattle oversea. The foreign research results published in 2015 were summarized on feed application, including concentrate, roughage and the mix of concentrate and roughage.Concentrate contained mainly protein feed and energy feed. The studies about protein feed nutrition mainly focused on the effects of different types of protein feeds on digestive characteristics, performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality and rumen fermentation of beef cattle. The studies on energy feed nutrition focused on the effect of types and processing technics on performance, carcass characteristics and rumen fermentation of beef cattle. Moreover, the researches about roughage, which focused on types and processing technics, was discussed in the effects on performance and digestive characteristics of beef cattle. Finally, the studies on the mix of concentrate and roughage were summarized, which mainly focused on the effects of different ratio of concentrate and roughage on performance, carcass characteristics, rumen fermentation and intaking behaviour of beef cattle. These research results were summarized and analyzed in this review, which would provide some reference for rapid development of beef cattle industry in China.

In order to explore the effects of the key gene of regulating cattle fat deposition on meat quality traits, screening candidate gene which affect beef fattening traits. This study employed 157 cattles (24 months old) with similar weight as research object, analyzed the correlation between SNPs of MC4R gene and meat quality traits in Yanbian Yellow cattle by PCR direct sequencing method. The results indicated that the mutation site of C→G had been found in MC4R gene 1 069 bp, which resulted in L (leucine) translated into V (valine). Protein secondary structure lost α-spiral and β-fold at the 166, 243 and 280 amino acid position, which resulted in the changes of spatial position of β-turns in tertiary structure. This site showed different degrees correlation with backfat thickness, lrightness, yellowness of Yanbian Yellow cattle. The backfat thickness and yellowness (3 d) of GG genotype were significantly higher than CC and CG genotypes (P <0.05). The lrightness of CC and CG genotypes were significantly higher than CC genotype (P <0.05). These results declared that the site had remarkably correlatived with Yanbian Yellow cattle relevant economic traits, and the mutation site could be used as a potential molecular marker.

The experiment was aimed to evaluate the stability of oxytocin in osmotic pump (ALZET^®) at 39.1℃. The experiment was divided into 3 groups, i.e. the osmotic pump group, microcentrifugal tube group and control group. The control group remained frozen at -80℃, the other two groups were incubated in 39.1℃ incubator, and the samples were collected at different time points. All samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole/flight time mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) method. The oxidation process of oxytocin in osmotic pump at 39.1℃ was analyzed by comparing the peak area of main oxidized products extracted ion chromatogram. The results showed that the degree of oxidation increased with time in osmotic pump and microcentrifugal tube at 39.1℃, and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P >0.05). The percentage of oxytocin prototype of samples which collected at different time points of osmotic pump group and microcentrifugal tube group versus control group were 83.6% to 117.8% and 83.2% to 116.2%, respectively, suggested that the trials involved in the osmotic pump implantation of oxytocin in sheep need to consider the effect of content changes caused by oxytocin oxidation on the test results.

The poultry feather color inheritance has been a hot research topic, because the feather color is a kind of important quality character.In this study, we used polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to detect the polymorphisms of four quail populations of different feather color (China Yellow quail, Black quail, Korean quail, Beijing White quail) of agouti-related protein gene (Agrp) exon Ⅰ, so as to investigate the relationship of Agrp exon I with quail plumage color, and to provide reference for the breeding and production of quail.The results showed that two alleles were detected in the Agrp exon Ⅰ of China Yellow quail, Black quail, Korean quail, Beijing White quail populations,and expressed by A and B, respectively. Frequency of allele A in Beijing White quail was up to 0.9500. The frequency of B allele in Korean quail was the highest, reaching 0.3392, in Beijing White quail genes in the lowest frequency is only 0.0500. The genotype frequency of AA genotype in Beijing White quail was the highest (0.9500), the lowest in Korean quail and Black quail (0.4286). BB genotype was not observed in Beijing White quail. We speculated that it may have a certain relationship between Agrp exon Ⅰ B allele and feather color of quail.

Studies have shown that the developmental ability of vitrified mammalian oocytes is greatly impacted due to the serious damage of mitochondrial function induced by vitrification process. To solve this problem,in vitro matured bovine oocytes were divided into five groups,three of which were first vitrified using vitrification solution containing 0.5,1, 2 μmol/L ruthenium red (RR), then survived oocytes after thawing were cultivated in vitro maturation medium with the same concentration of RR as above for 0.5 h,meanwhile,the remained two groups of oocytes were as control, and one group was vitrified using vitrification solution without RR (vitrified control group) and the other group had no any treatment (fresh control group).Then the mitochondrial Ca²⁺ (mCa²⁺) level,ATP content and the developmental capacity of parthenogenetic embryos of oocytes in the five groups were detected to explore the effect of RR on mCa²⁺ level of vitrified bovine oocytes. The results showed that:①Vitrification significantly increased mCa²⁺ concentration in bovine oocytes (P <0.05), while RR significantly decreased mCa²⁺ concentration in vitrified bovine oocytes and there was no significant difference between fresh control group and 2 μmol/L RR group (P >0.05);②Vitrification significantly decreased ATP content in bovine oocytes (P <0.05),and the ATP content of 2 μmol/L RR group was significantly higher than that of vitrified control group and 0.5,1 μmol/L RR groups (P <0.05);③The cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of fresh control group were significantly higher than those of vitrified control group (P <0.05),while were no significant difference with 1 μmol/L RR group (P >0.05). In conclusion,the results showed that RR treatment could maintain the normal concentration of mCa²⁺ in vitrified bovine oocytes,protect the function of mitochondria and improve developmental competence of oocytes, which would provid theoretical basis to positively regulate the concentration of mCa²⁺,eventually improve the developmental competence and promote the extensive application of vitrified oocytes.

In order to study the genetic diversity and differentiation characteristics of the existing population of Maiwa yak and provide a theoretical basis for utilization in the future, a total of 9 466 tri-nucleotide repeats microsatellites loci were screened based on the release of genome of yaks by bioinformatics method. The tri-nucleotide repeats microsatellites were amplified by PCR using the genomic DNA of 191 Maiwa yaks as templates,and the polymorphic microsatellite loci were genotyped through polyacrylamide electrophoresis experiment. After the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test, 5 tri-nucleotide microsatellite loci were deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P <0.05). 15 microsatellite loci were highly polymorphic (PIC >0.5), the mean observed heterozygosity (Ho),mean expected heterozygosity(He) and mean polymorphic information content(PIC) were 0.5041,0.8152 and 0.7831,respectively. Maiwa yak population exhibited no characteristics of differentiation by Structure 3.0 software analysis. Therefore, Maiwa yak had plentiful genetic polymorphism while no signs of genetic differentiation were observed within the population.

To explore the influence of heat stress on the expression level of bovine sperm associated antigen 11D (SPAG11D),which was sperm membrane protein,the mRNA and protein expression levels of SPAG11D were tested in primary bovine testicular cells and sperm. The normal sperm and low activity sperm were collected from Jersey cattle, Bos bubalus and Simmental cattle. The results showed that mRNA and protein expression levels of SPAG11D were highest at 36℃ than others (32, 34, 38 and 40℃) after primary bovine testicular cells cultured for 24 h. And the mRNA and protein expression levels were higher in high temperature groups than low temperature groups. The mRNA expression of SPAG11D in 48 h was consistent with 24 h, but the protein expression levels decreased at high temperature (38 and 40℃). In addition, the protein expression of SPAG11D was lower in low activity sperm than in normal sperm (Jersey cattle and Bos bubalus), and there was no significant change in Simmental cattle sperm.

In order to explore the feasibility of entering clinical trials of multi-gene of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and porcine interferon-α(IFN-α) co-expression plasmids, porcine IFN-α and the multi-gene of FMDV that included full length of P12A3C,and part of 2B (P12X3C) were amplified by PCR and cloned into the eukaryotic expressing plasmid pBudCE4.1 to construct the recombinant vector. After identification by restriction enzyme digestion, this vector was transfected into the BHK-21 cell and its expression were observed by Western blotting and indirect fluoroscopy assay.The serum antibodies, neutralizing antibody titers and T-lymphocyte proliferation were detected in guinea pigs after immunization of the recombinant vector. The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-P12X3C-IFN-α was successfully constructed after detecting by enzyme digestion and sequencing. Recombinant plasmid was effectively expressed in BHK-21 cells after detecting by Western blotting and indirect fluoroscopy assay. Result of ELISA indicated that anti-FMDV IgG antibody level of pBudCE4.1-P12X3C-IFN-α group was higher compared with pBudCE4.1-P12X3C group.Similar results for serum neutralization titers were obtained. MTT assay showed that proliferation of lymphocyte was 15% in pBudCE4.1-P12X3C-IFN-α group and 11% in case of pBudCE4.1-P12X3C group. After challenged with homologous virus, protection rate of conventional vaccine and recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-P12X3C-IFN-α group were 100%, while the recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-P12X3C group was 80%.The present study showed the recombinant plasmid pBudCE4.1-P12X3C-IFN-α was successfully constructed, and could markedly improve the efficacy of DNA vaccine against FMDV.

Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a versatile and multi-cell derived cytokine, which has attracted the great attention of researchers because of its strong anti-inflammation and immunosuppression activities. It can not only inhibit the innate but also adaptive immunity. Generally, it is believed that IL-10 is closely related to immune evasion and latent infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In view of its unique role in MTB infection, progress of role of IL-10 on immune evasion, latent infection, clinical chemotherapies and self-regulation of its expression during MTB infection were reviewed.

In order to analyze the variety, drug resistance and pathogenicity of bacterial of a chicken farm in Guizhou province, bacterial isolation culture was done from four sick chickens that were submitted by the farm. Gram staining, biochemical test, drug susceptibility test, 16S rDNA sequencing analysis and so on were carried out to identify the bacteria.The results showed that we isolated two strains of bacteria with different colony morphology that one of them was gram-negative bacilli,the other was gram-positive cocci, which were named as GZHX2016-1 and GZHX2016-2 according to the isolated location and time.GZHX2016-1 wasEscherichia coli (E. coli) with multiple drug, and GZHX2016-2 was Staphylococcus simulans which was negative on Staphylococcus coagulase test and was resistant to some antibiotics. The 16S rDNA sequencing of GZHX2016-1 was more close genetic relationship with E. coli (GenBank accession No.:CP007442.1, CP014667, KT156725.1, and so on), and the homology was 99.5%.The GZHX2016-1 was more close genetic relationship with Staphylococci (GenBank accession No.:HM140412.1, AM944030.1, KM877513.1, and so on), and the homology was 97.9%. GZHX2016-1 and GZHX2016-2 were pathogenic to mouse. The minimum lethal dose of the GZHX2016-1 was 1.12×10⁸ CFU of each mouse by intraperitoneal injection, and the minimum lethal dose of GZHX2016-2 was 3.20×10⁷ CFU.In summary, the experiment successfully isolated a strain of pathogenic E. coli and a strain of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus from chickens.The chicken farm was infected by E. coli andStaphylococcus,and the bacteria were resistant to multiple antibiotics. So, we should take effective measures to control the bacteria pollution in the chicken farm, and restrict the use of antibiotics to reduce the resistance bacteria, and ensure the food safety of chicken and chicken products.

Samples of sick pigs suspected of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) infection were collected from Hebei and Fujian provinces in China in 2016. Studies were carried out to investigate the variation characteristics of the isolated virus strains.The virus isolates were propagated in Marc-145 cells and caused syncytial cytopathic effect. RT-PCR and indirect fluorescent assay (IFA) results showed that the isolates were HP-PRRSV and hence designated as PRRSV CZ16A and NP16A, respectively. In order to study the pathogenicity of CZ16A and NP16A, the isolated strains were purified by plaque-isolation, and then inoculated to 60-days-old healthy pigs, which were negative in both of PRRSV infection and antibody. Clinical observation, histopathological changes and viremia detection were carried out to evaluate the pathogenicity of these two strains of PRRSV. Results showed that both isolates could replicate in pigs and cause a high body temperature, but these two strains of PRRSV isolates could not cause morbidity or mortality in experimental animals.Autopsy results also showed that NP16A could cause consolidation of the lung, lymph node enlargement in tested animals, suggesting that its virulence was a little stronger than CZ16A.

The study was aimed to predict B cell epitopes in gB glycoprotein of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) with bioinformatics, and select epitopes which had potential diagnostic value. The DNA fragments of gB glycoprotein were predicted by protean of DNAStar software. Screening potential B cell epitopes after parameter comparison, the target B cell epitopes were selected, cloned and expressed. The expressed fusion proteins serviced as an antigen were used to react with equine herpesvirus positive serum to screen and identify antigenic epitopes. The results showed that according to predictive and analysis, the areas of amino acid from 6 to 10, 23 to 32, 53 to 65, 72 to 98, 111 to 120, 152 to 166, 173 to 180 might be gB glycoprotein B cell epitopes. Seven epitopes were successfully cloned into a prokaryotic expression vector, and confirmed by DNA sequencing. After expression and purification, Western blotting was performed to detect the antigen, which could be recognized by equine herpesvirus positive sera. Bioinformatics technology and molecular biology techniques were used to successfully screen five potential B cell epitopes, which provided the foundation for the diagnosis of EHV-1 and design of the epitope vaccine.

In order to explore the growth characteristics of the Listeria monocytogenes (LM90) strain under different environmental factors and inoculum size,the D_600nm value of bacteria culture broth were measured,the growth status of LM90 under different NaCl concentration,pH value,temperature and the interactions of NaCl concentration (3% to 8%,1% for per gradient),pH (6 to 9,one for per gradient),temperature (0 to 40℃,10℃ for per gradient) had been analyzed. The results showed that the strain was in the logarithmic phase when culturing for 8 to 16 h,then entered the stationary phase when culturing for 16 to 20 h,and finally went to decline phase when culturing after 20 h. It could grow well when the NaCl concentration was 0.5% to 4%. Its optimum growth pH and temperature were 7.5 and 37℃,respectively. The interaction effect of each two factor had been analyzed by variance analysis of SPSS software,and it found that the interaction effects was extremely significantly (P <0.01).The study lay a foundation for exploring the effects of environmental factors on LM90 growth and mechanisms of resistance to environmental stresses.

In order to analyze the distributions and densities of endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of Meihua pig (an elite native breed of Guangdong province, China), 6 healthy piglets weaned at 30 days of age were fed with the same diet till 65 days of age. At 65 days of age, different sections of the gastrointestinal tract of each piglet were collected, and the features and densities of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), ghrelin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) immunopositive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that the 5-HT positive cells distributed at the epithelial layer throughout the intestinal tract (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) with a variety of features (e.g. cone, round, spindle), and they could be classified into either open-shape or closed-shape type, the density of 5-HT positive cells in duodenum was highest; The ghrelin positive cells were located along the gastrointestinal tract (gastric glands, pylorus, duodenum and jejunum) with both open-shape and closed shape, and its density decreased along the tract with most cells in gastric glands; The GLP-1 positive cells were observed along the intestinal tract, but its density increased from duodenum to ileum and then decreased in colon. This study might provide supporting data for further study of the gastrointestinal physiology of Meihua pig.

The aim of the experiment was to observe the acute toxicity and the long-term toxicity of Chansu pellets in mice, and to evaluate its safety and provide the theoretical basis for clinical use. Kunming mice were selected for acute toxicity test. The acute toxicity of Chansu pellets was determined by oral administration to mice twice. In the sub-chronic toxicity test, 120 SD rats were divided into low, middle and high dose groups and the control group (the same volume of distilled water) intragastric administration. Respectively, after 28 d of continuous administration and 2 weeks after drug withdrawal, the rats were weighed, and 20 rats (10 mice remaining after cessation of administration) in each group were sacrificed at random. The hematological and biochemical parameters were measured and the histopathological examination was performed. In the acute toxicity, time of death concentrated in 1 to 4 h. LD₅₀ was 13.21 g/kg. In the sub-chronic, after 28 d of continuous dosing, the body weights of male rats of high dose group and the control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase of high dose group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01) compared with control group. Kidneys coefficients of high and middle dose groups compared with control group were extremely significantly different (P <0.01). After two weeks the withdrawal recovery, biochemical indicators of high dose group's recovery was not good. Middle and low dose groups had good recovery. Pathological examination showed that high and middle dose groups' rat liver and kidney swelling congestion. High dose rat liver surface were blister-like lesions. The results showed that Chansu pellets were less acute toxicity. Long-term use of large doses could cause liver and kidney damage. Therefore, we should pay attention to dose and duration of treatment in clinical application.

In order to explore the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine eliminated the antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli, with berberine as drug treatment, the antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from clinical isolates was cultured in LB broth with a concentration of 250 μg/mL (1/2 MIC) of berberine, and passaged for 3 generations every 24 h. The MIC of the mutant was determined by microplate method. The MIC of the mutant was determined by photolithography. The MIC of levofloxacin was reduced from 16 to 8 μg/mL, and the drug resistance to levofloxacin was eliminated. In order to understand the molecular mechanism of berberine's effect on Escherichia coli, the gene expression level of avian Escherichia coli was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing method before and after drug resistance elimination. The results showed that the expression level of 45 genes was significantly changed after treated with berberine, among which 30 genes were up-regulated and 15 genes were down-regulated. The enrichment analysis of GO function and enrichment analysis of KEGG metabolic pathways showed that up-regulated genes were mainly included the synthesis of tryptophan, the binding of pyridoxal phosphate,transketolase.Down-regulation of multiple genes were in the two-component system, the ybjG of the undecylpodophosphate phosphatase (UppP) gene and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase synthesis related genes.Escherichia coli in vivo enzyme activity might be the main mechanism of inhibition of berberine.Decreased activity of the multi-drug resistant efflux pump and the changes of Escherichia coli cell membrane and cell wall might be the main mechanisms for the elimination of berberine resistance.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (TFSD) on porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) induced oxidative stress in mice spleen.70 Kunming mice were divided into 7 groups:Control group, TFSD group (100 mg/(kg·BW)), PCV2 group, PCV2+vitamin C (VC) group, and PCV2+various concentrations of TFSD groups (25, 50 and 100 mg/(kg·BW)). Mice were continuously treated with PCV2 via both intragastric administration and intraperitoneal injection for 3 d to establish oxidative stress models. From the 4th to 6th day, mice were intragastric administrated with saline, VC or TFSD, respectively, according to the grouping method. At the 7th day, the activities of xanthine oxidase (XOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the levels of glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and the ratio of GSH to GSSG in the mice spleen were analyzed. The results showed that PCV2 infection significantly upregulated the XOD and MPO activities and GSSG content(P <0.05), and dramatically downregulated the SOD activity, GSH level and the ratio of GSH to GSSG (P <0.05) in the mice spleen.Compared to PCV2 group, the SOD activity, GSH content and the ratio of GSH to GSSG in mice treated with TFSD were significantly increased (P <0.05), while the activities of XOD and MPO and the level of GSSG were significantly decreased (P <0.05), showing better performance in the inhibition of PCV2 induced changes of oxidative stress associated enzyme activities and moledule levels than VC.In conclusion,TFSD had regulative effect on the oxidative stress induced by PCV2 in mouse spleen.

To analyze the effects of ZEA or/and DON on the immunologic function,CTLL-2 cell was used as experimental materials. After exposing the CTLL-2 cell to different concentrations of ZEA (0,5,10,20 μg/mL),DON (0,0.5,1,2 μg/mL) and ZEA+DON (blank group,5 μg/mL ZEA,0.5 μg/mL DON,5 μg/mL ZEA+0.5 μg/mL DON) for 48 h,the concentration of GZMB,PFP,IFN-γ and TNF-α in CTLL-2 cell and supernatant fluid were detected by ELISA method. The result showed that DON and ZEA could reduce the concentration of PFP,GZMB and IFN-γ in the CTLL-2 cells and the culture supernatant fluids,and increase the concentration of TNF-α. The intoxicated group had significant or extremely significant difference compared to control group (P <0.05;P <0.01),which showed the dose effect. The group exposed to the combined of ZEA and DON showed an additive effect. The result indicated that ZEA,DON and the two combined could reduce the killing activity of immunological cell by affecting the secretion of immunological cytokines, and indirectly affect the negative feedback regulation of humoral immunity and cellular immunity,which led to the decline of immune function in animals.

In this study, the resistance of swine Staphylococcus isolated in summer and winter was compared. The rectal anal swab samples and nasal swab samples were collected from the same pig in summer and winter. The susceptibility test of 9 kinds of antimicrobial drugs was carried out by using the broth dilution method. The results revealed that the resistance rates of Staphylococcus isolated from the rectum in summer were higher than that of Staphylococcus isolated from the rectum in winter to amikacin, florfenicol, levofloxacin, benzene and clindamycin. Resistance rates of Staphylococcus isolates from nasal cavity in summer were lower than that of Staphylococcus isolates from nasal cavity in winter to amikacin, benzene, gentamicin, levofloxacin, tetracycline, clindamycin and rifampicin. And Staphylococcus in two seasons in 0 to 9 resistant rectal separation resistance were distributed. Multi drug resistant Staphylococcus in two seasons in 1 to 9 resistant rectal separation resistance were distributed. And in the 6 resistance, the resistance rate of Staphylococcus isolated from the nasal in summer was significantly higher than that of the isolated from anal in winter (P< 0.05). And in 8 resistance, the resistance rate of Staphylococcus isolated from the rectum cavity in summer was significantly higher than that of Staphylococcus isolated from the rectum cavity in winter (P< 0.05). Results showed that the resistance rates of Staphylococcus isolated from different sites of the pigs to the tested antimicrobial drugs were different. The drug resistance rate was correlated with seasonal use of the farm.

The study was aimed to explore the hypoglycemic effect of theGynura formosana Kitam., which would provide a scientific basis for clinical expansion. This research adopted the water extraction of Gynura formosana Kitam. dry paste. Some experimental animals were divided into different dose groups, and intragastrically administrated for 5 days, and used metformin as the positive control drug in the body load cases by tail vein blood glucose and glucose tolerance area under the curve as testing indexes, so that we could study the effect of Gynura formosana Kitam. on the normal glucose tolerance for mice. Test in 30 to 120 min later, when the mice were drench in the fifth crude drug dosage (1 g/d), the blood glucose dropped rapidly, and at the moment of the 120th min, (tendency for 3.16 mmol/L) the blood glucose level was less than the 0 benchmark of blood glucose (4.00 mmol/L). 1 to 2 g/d glucose tolerance area under curve of crude drug dosage was less than the metformin group of glucose tolerance area under the curve. We could work out that 1 to 2 g/d for Gynura formosana Kitam. oral liquid, insisted on taking them for 5 days, would restrained (suppress) gastrointestinal sugar in the body to absorb glucose load situations, and its effect is better than that of metformin hydrochloride.

To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of 30% praziquantel injection on buffalo schistosomiasis, the sick buffalos naturally infected with Schistosoma japonicum were selected by miracidium hatching method. In experimental clinical trials, sick buffalos were randomly divided into five groups, high-dose (20 mg/kg), middle-dose (10 mg/kg) and low-dose (5 mg/kg) praziquantel injection groups, praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg) and positive control group. After the treatment of 30 d, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were 100.0%, 100.0%, 77.8% and 85.7%, respectively, in praziquantel injection groups with the high, middle and low dose and oral medication group. In expanded clinical trials, the sick buffalos were randomly divided into two groups, praziquantel injection group (10 mg/kg, i.m.) and praziquantel tablet group (30 mg/kg). The results showed that, the negative conversion rate of miracidium were all 100% in the former 52 patients and the latter 6 patients after 30 d. The research confirmed that praziquantel injection was significantly effective in the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis and convenient for administration. It was concluded that 30% praziquantel injection could replace the traditional oral praziquantel tablet for the treatment of buffalo schistosomiasis, and the recommended dose was 10 mg/kg.

Survey and analysis of common diseases of laboratory monkeys are great significance to understand disease epidemiology, and formulate a set of scientific and reasonable measures for prevention and control disease, to improve the quantity and quality of laboratory monkeys, to ensure the accuracy of the animal experiment results. Through the investigation of the sick and dead animals of a large-scale laboratory monkeys breeding facility in Kunming area in 2014, the animals were classified depends on the main diseases, and the diseases were classified according to adult and juvenile animals, data were analyzed by Excel Office 2010 software. The results showed the common diseases of laboratory monkeys included the digestive system, respiratory system, trauma, reproductive system, and locomotor system disease, which were 47.45%, 13.06%, 12.10%, 11.46% and 8.92% separately; Common diseases included diarrhoea, soft tissue injuries, abortion, lobar pneumonia, dysentery, arthritis, intestinal pneumatosis, chronic colitis, and extreme bad nutrition, the ratio were 18.47%, 11.15%, 8.91%, 8.28%, 8.28%, 7.96%, 5.10%, 5.10% and 5.09% separately. Comprehensive analysis of common diseases and disease occurrence causes of the laboratory monkeys, suggesting that providing better quality laboratory monkeys for scientific research only by constantly improving the scientific breeding management level, constantly strengthening veterinary capacity, mastering the theoretical knowledge and scientific diagnosis method.

The study was conducted to detect the indoor environmental quality parameters of broiler house with three-overlap cages and analyze the differences in winter and autumn. In the process of feeding, the same farming house in the same farm was chosen to carry out the test. The indoor ambient temperature, humidity and the air quality were determined in chicken house in different seasons. The measure points were distributed in 4 different positions in the house. The experiment period was from 3 to 6 weeks of broilers.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ambient temperature between autumn and winter during experimental period (P >0.05). The ambient temperature in the house in winter was slightly higher than in autumn. The humidity in autumn was significantly higher than that in winter (P <0.05).The temperature and humidity in two seasons could meet the requirements of broiler growth. There was no significant difference in ammonia concentration between autumn and winter, while ammonia level in winter was slightly higher than that in autumn. The carbon dioxide in the house was significantly higher in winter than that in autumn (P <0.05). The total number of airborne bacteria in winter was significantly higher than that in autumn (P <0.05). The indoor temperature kept constant in autumn and winter seasons in closed poultry house. In winter, the humidity was reduced, the carbon dioxide concentration was increased, and the total number of bacteria in the air was increased.So, the ventilation should increase at the same time of heating in winter.