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20 April 2016, Volume 43 Issue 4
Prokaryotic Expression and Structure Analysis of Porcine Kobuvirus 3C Protein
WANG Chen, LAN Xi, ZHU Jun-peng, YANG Bin
2016, 43(4):  845-853.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.001
Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (3221KB) ( 497 )  
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In order to obtain the 3C protein of porcine kobuvirus and study its crystal structure, 3C gene was amplified using RT-PCR method with the RNA as template extracted from swKoV CH441 strain, and then was inserted into the pMD19-T Simple Vector.The plasmids were sequenced after verification by PCR and double enzyme digestion.The target fragment was cleaved from the correct plasmid, and was inserted into the pET-30a vector.The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) cell, and its expression was detected after IPTG induction.According to the sequencing results, the full length of the 3C gene was 576 bp, which encoded 192 amino acids.The results of SDS-PAGE suggested that recombinant protein was expressed at the highest level after 0.5 mmol/L IPTG induction for 6 h at 37℃.It mainly existed in the form of inclusion body with the molecular weight 28 ku.Bioinformatics analysis showed that the 3C protein was an unstable and non-secretory protein, and it had no transmembrane regions but multiple phosphorylation sites.So it mainly involved in protein hydrolysis process.There was obvious differences in 3C gene among swKoV CH441 strain and reference strains of kobuvirus.As a common lyase of the small RNA virus, 3C protein played important roles in the processes of viral replication, transcription, translation and polyprotein maturation.This study successfully constructed the prokaryotic expression vector of 3C protein and predicted its structure, which provided a basis for the preparation of 3C protein crystals and the study of its crystal structure.
Study on RNA-Seq of Jinghai Yellow Chicken Ovary:Analysis of Gene Structure and Mining New Genes
HAN Kun-peng, DUAN Lian, LI Ting-ting, WANG Jing-yu, ZHANG Tao, LI Guo-hui, ZHANG Gen-xi, XUE Qian
2016, 43(4):  854-861.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.002
Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (1644KB) ( 624 )  
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In the present study, in order to improve part of the gene structure and mine new genes, transcriptome of ovary of 4 low and 4 high egg production Jinghai Yellow chickens were analyzed using RNA-Seq technology.The sequencing data was analyzed by bioinformatics methods.After quality control, 484 992 074 clean reads with a total of 61.09 Gb were obtained from the ovary library.1 445 264 SNPs were scanned in which 916 108 SNPs were located in gene region and 552 168 were located in intergenic region.The average new alternative splicing of 8 samples were 12 883. 7 481 genes were optimized gene structure.4 431 novel genes were mined by comparing to the chicken reference genome.1 809 novel genes were obtained by sequence alignment in different database after function annotations.The current study detected the structure of genes in ovary of Jinghai Yellow chicken using RNA-Seq technology, which improved the gene structure information of Jinghai Yellow chicken and provided basis for mining new genes at the molecular level.
Study on the Critical Pathways of Dairy Cow Mastitis Based on Microarray Dataset and Integration Analysis
ZHAO Jing, CHEN Zhen-liang, WANG Zhen, ZHANG Zhe, XIAO Qian, GUAN Yu-yu, SUN Hao, LIU Guang-lei, ZHANG Xiang-zhe, PAN Yu-chun, LIAO Rong-rong, WANG Qi-shan
2016, 43(4):  862-869.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.003
Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (1131KB) ( 463 )  
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Dairy cow mastitis was one of the common diseases and frequently-occurring diseases, caused huge economic losses, and also severely restricted the development of dairy industry.To further understand the regulation mechanism of mastitis, published five sets of related microarray data sets of cow mammary epithelial cells infected by Escherichia coli were collected, preprocessed with the standardized method, and integrat the result of gene set enrichment analysis with the infection time of 1, 6 and 24 h, so as to get more reliable key genes and pathways which could affect dairy cow mastitis.We find 9 down-regulated pathways common in the infected 1 h data sets, 30 down-regulated pathways common in the infected 6 h data sets, 17 down-regulated pathways common in the infected 24 h data sets.After analysis, we identified a number of dairy cow mastitis related pathways and genes, which would provide a reference for further study of regulation mechanisms.
Analysis of Clone and Prokaryotic Expression of Canine Parvovirus VP2 Gene
WEI Qiao-lin, ZHANG Yun, ZHEN Shi-wei, YIN Xiang-ping
2016, 43(4):  870-878.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.004
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The study was aimed to investigate the epidemic situation of canine parvovirus in Hebei and Gansu provinces.VP2 protein was expressed by prokaryotic system and polyclonal antibodies were prepared, which provided a basis for the further researches on pathogenesis and therapy of canine parvovirus.Virus genomic DNA was extracted from 10 epidemic materials of suspected infected dogs and VP2 gene was amplified.The target fragments of VP2 gene were cloned to pET-30a vector after sequencing and analysis, then the positive expression plasmids were transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) cell.Polyclonal antibodies were prepared by immunizing guinea pigs with the SDS-PAGE identification of purified protein.The genetic analysis results showed that the VP2 gene was successfully cloned and 80% samples were belonged to CPV-2a and 20% samples were belonged to CPV-2b.The isolated strains of the test and part of China strains were gathered into a branch which had certain distance with strains of Korea and USA, and that had low homology with strains of Italy.SDS-PAGE results indicated that the recombinant protein with a molecular weight of 70 ku was expressed by prokaryotic system.Western blotting results showed that the recombinant protein had good immuneoreactivity and immunogenicity.The study indicated that CPV-2a was the predominant gene type in Hebei and Gansu provinces, meanwhile VP2 protein expressed by prokaryotic system had good antigenicity.This research provided a basis for the future study of the prevention and control of canine parvovirus.
Proteome Array on Differentially Expressed Proteins of Skin Tissue in Fine-wool Sheep with Different Fiber Diameter
FU Xue-feng, YANG Han-yulu, SHI Gang, XU Xin-ming, ZHANG En-ping, DI Jiang, ZHANG Yan-hua, HUANG Xi-xia, TIAN Ke-chuan
2016, 43(4):  879-891.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.005
Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (2818KB) ( 524 )  
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The purpose of this paper was to study the differentially expressed proteins of hair follicles in skin tissue with different fiber diameter of Fine-wool sheep, and discussed the function of proteins related to wool fineness.The differentially expressed protein maps of Fine-wool sheep skin hair follicle were established by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and the differentially expressed protein spots were detected and analyzed by the ImageMaster 2D Platinum software, Fine-wool sheep skin hair follicle specific proteins were classified and functional identified by mass spectrum identification technology and database matching method.The results showed that 94 different proteins were successfully identified in Fine-wool sheep with different fiber diameter, including 73 different proteins between superfine wool sheep and Fine-wool sheep at the same age, and 21 different proteins of superfine wool sheep at the different age.According to the functional properties got eight kind of functional proteins, keratin, molecular chaperone protein, cytoskeleton protein, 14-3-3 protein, protease, myosin, serum albumin, other protein, respectively.These results indicated that the internal relation between the differentially expressed protein and the wool fiber diameter was analyzed by the bioinformatics knowledge, which would provide effective genetic resources information directly for high quality breeding of Fine-wool sheep, and had important practical significance for improving the quality of the wool.
Effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c Protein on RAW264.7 Cell Apoptosis
MENG Lu-ping, SHI Meng-ting, BAO Hai-yang, FU Qiang, SHI Hui-jun, WANG Hui-qin, QIAO Jun, ZHANG Hui, CHEN Chuang-fu
2016, 43(4):  892-898.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.006
Abstract ( 260 )   PDF (1633KB) ( 472 )  
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The assay was aimed to study the effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c protein on RAW264.7 cell apoptosis.According to the Rv2626c gene sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in GenBank database, Rv2626c primers were designed.The Rv2626c gene was amplified and cloned into the lentiviral vector pLEX-EGFP.After transfection of lentivirus expressing vector with the helper plasmids into HEK-293T cells, lentivirus were packaged and infected into RAW264.7 cells.Then total protein of the infected cells was extracted.Protein levels of Rv2626c and apoptosis levels of RAW264.7 cells were detected using Western blotting and flow cytometry.The results showed that reconstructed lentivirus expressing vector pLEX-EGFP-Rv2626c and the Rv2626c-overexpressing lentivirus Rv2626c-lv were constructed successfully.The overexpressed Rv2626c protein promoted the RAW264.7 cells apoptosis.Overexpression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv2626c protein significantly promoted apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells.
Development and Application of Sandwich ELISA for Diagnosis of Fascioliasis gigantica in Early Stage
LI Xue, WEI Zhi-peng, ZHAO Ming-long, XU Xin-ting, LIU Yu, WU Wen-de, JIANG Wei, HUANG Tian, LONG Fei-xiang, CHEN Han-zhong
2016, 43(4):  899-905.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.007
Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (1671KB) ( 431 )  
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To establish a method for the diagnosis of Fascioliasis gigantica in early stage, five hybridoma cell lines were recovered and used for preparation of monoclonal antibodies.7D2 was used as a capture antibody and 7D1 as detection antibody.Coating antibody dilution was 1:6 400 (0.208 μg/mL), 5% nonfat milk was used as blocking solution and detection antibody dilution was 1:10 000 (0.200 μg/mL).The detection limit of the sandwich ELISA was 1:3 200 (0.156 μg/mL), with good specificity and stability, and there was no cross reaction with other kinds of parasite antigen.The results showed that the method provided the important conditions and theoretical basis for the diagnosis of Fascioliasis gigantica in early stage. This would save unnecessary economic losses to the livestock, and it had clinical application value.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of PID1 Gene in Baixi Pig
FENG Wen-wu, SUN Zhen-mei, LI Peng-cheng, DING Mei, XU Hou-qiang, ZHAO Jia-fu, CHEN Xiang
2016, 43(4):  906-912.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.008
Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (3056KB) ( 420 )  
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In order to study phosphotyrosine interaction domain containing (PID1) gene of Baixi pig, it was amplified and sequenced by Nest PCR and T clone technology.Then the functions and the genetic evolutionary relationships of the gene and its predicted protein were analyzed by bioinformatics software.The results showed that the whole CDS region of PID1 gene was 654 bp, which encoded 217 amino acids.The results of sequence alignments showed that Baixi pig shared 98.2% and 97.7% similarities of amino acid with which of Shandong Laiwu pig and Guangxi Luchuan pig.The phylogenetic tree indicated that Baixi pig kept away from these two pigs.The results of sequence alignments among species showed that Baixi pig shared 96.6%, 96.6%, 96.3%, 95.0%, 93.9%, 91.7%, 90.8%, 88.2%, 69.7% and 67.3% similarities of amino acid with which of Bos taurus, Bos grunniens, Macaca mulatta, Mus musculus, Ophiophagus hannah, Homo sapiens, Gallus gallus, Xenopus laevis, Rattus norvegicus and Danio rerio.Phylogenetic analysis indicated that PID1 gene was highly conserved in the process of evolution of different species.The protein structure analysis results showed that the mainly function region of PID1 gene was PTB structural domain, which was located in the C-terminal sequence of the PID1 protein.In this study, we successfully cloned PID1 gene of Baixi pig, which laid the foundation for further study in intramuscular fat deposition and development of resources.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Buffalo FLOT2 Gene
DUAN An-qin, PANG Chun-ying, ZHU Peng, DENG Ting-xian, LU Xing-rong, LIANG Xian-wei
2016, 43(4):  913-920.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.009
Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (4925KB) ( 503 )  
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In order to clarify the effect of Flotillin 2 (FLOT2) gene on the reproductive performance of buffalo, buffalo FLOT2 gene was cloned and analyzed by bioinformatics.FLOT2 was cloned by PCR, cloned and sequenced, then its protein structure was predicted and analyzed by bioinformatics tools.The results showed that the coding region of buffalo FLOT2 gene was 1 287 bp, 3'UTR was 277 bp, encoded 428 amino acids.The buffalo FLOT2 gene shared 98%, 98%, 97%, 90%, 93%, 92% and 92% of similar nucleotide sequence with that of Bos taurus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Mus musculus, Equus caballus, Felis catus and Homo sapiens, respectively.Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that FLOT2 gene was highly conserved in different species and evolution.FLOT2 protein was weakly acidic, without signal peptide, located in the cytoplasmic, and with the presence of SPFH_flotillin and SPFH_hflk domain.microRNA prediction showed bta-miR-2438, bta-miR-2379 and bta-miR-1777a maybe target the 3'UTR of buffalo FLOT2.In a word, this study provided an important reference for surveying the regulation mechanism of FLOT2 gene in buffalo reproductive performance, especially, during buffalo gametogenesis and embryogenesis.
Construction of Fat-1 Gene Vector and its Expression in vitro of Chicken
WANG Ying, GU Zhen-zhen, GUO Ruo-ting, OU Ke-peng, LIU Yi, LIU Xiao-jun
2016, 43(4):  921-927.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.010
Abstract ( 226 )   PDF (3038KB) ( 341 )  
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The aim of the experiment was to construct an eukaryotic expression vector which could effectively express ω-3 fatty acid desaturase Fat-1 gene in cells of chicken and laid the foundations for production of transgenic chicken in the future.Based on the codon usage frequency of poultry, nucleotide sequence of Fat-1 gene of Caenorhabditis elegans was optimized (designed as cFat-1), synthesized and connected to pLL3.7 vector.The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by PCR, enzyme digestion and sequence analysis.The chicken embryo fibroblast cells were isolated using standard pancreatic enzyme digestion method and then transfected with pLL3.7-cFat-1 vector by TurboFectTM transfection reagents in vitro.The gene expression was verified by RT-PCR analysis and green fluorescent detection.The results showed that cFat-1 gene could transcript and express efficiently in chicken embryo fibroblast cells indicating that the Fat-1 gene vector was constructed successfully.It was the first time that transgenic chicken fibroblast cell line which expressed cFat-1 gene was established.This study laid the foundation for the generation of transgenic chicken that were rich in ω-3 fatty acid.
Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of FoxN1 Gene of Min Pig
LI Ling, ZHANG Dong-jie, WANG Liang, WANG Xin-xin, CAO Yue, LIU Di
2016, 43(4):  928-933.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.011
Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (1642KB) ( 466 )  
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This study was intended to explore the structure and function of FoxN1 genes of Min pig.Min pig FoxN1 gene was cloned by PCR, the complete coding region of FoxN1 sequence was analyzed by bioinformatics methods, the FoxN1 gene sequences of Min pig and Large White pig were compared, and phylogenetic tree was built.The results showed that Min pig FoxN1 complete gene coding region was 1 941 bp, encoding 646 amino acids, molecular weight was 68.64 ku, theoretical isoelectric point was 5.81. FoxN1 protein located within the nucleus, it was not a secreted protein, in which signal peptide was not present and there was no transmembrane area.There was a FH domain in 269 to 347 amino acid position.The protein among different species was highly conserved.Three kinds of transcription splice variants were found.Compared with variant 1, there was deletion in the nucleotide position 124 to 387 in variant 2, and GCA insertion in 581 to 582 in variant 3.Compared with Large White pig, Min pig FoxN1 gene sequences existed four mutations, of which three were synonymous mutations, one was a missense mutation, resulting in the 108th amino acid changed.The phylogenetic tree revealed a close genetic relationship between Min pig and artiodactyla animals.The results showed the genetic structure of FoxN1 gene was complex, it would provide the basis for a further reveal on Min pig FoxN1 gene's function.
Prokaryotic Expression and Antigenicity Analysis of Porcine Japenese Encephalitis Virus Envelope Protein Domain Ⅲ
HOU Hua-yan, DING Ling-ling, LV Mao-jie, YANG Bao-shou
2016, 43(4):  934-939.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.012
Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1524KB) ( 512 )  
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In order to analyze the antigenicity of porcine Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) E protein domain Ⅲ, which was expressed by pET-28a vector with His-tag and purified through Ni-NTA, the BALB/c mice were immunized with the purified protein.We identified the antigenicity of domain Ⅲ of E protein and the anti-mice and anti-porcine JEV E Ⅲ protein specific antibody titers by SDS-PAGE, Western blotting, indirect ELISA and IFA.SDS-PAGE results showed the expressed target protein existed mainly in the form of inclusion body.Western blotting, ELISA test results showed that the protein had good reactivity with anti-serum.The mice immunized with the purified JEV E Ⅲ protein generated 1×105 anti-JEV E Ⅲ protein specific antibody titers by ELISA, and the porcine immunized with the porcine JEV generated 5.1×104 anti-JEV specific antibody titers.The IFA results showed that JEV E Ⅲ protein anti-serum could identify JEV antigen.The above results showed that the recombinant JEV E Ⅲ had good antigenicity.These results provided important basis for development of diagnostic antigen for JEV.
Construction and High Level Expression of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of Pig Interferon-δ Gene
LI Hong, LIU Cheng-qian, YAN Hua-xiang, WANG Jia-hao, YI Jian-zhong
2016, 43(4):  940-945.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.013
Abstract ( 229 )   PDF (1236KB) ( 527 )  
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Interferon (IFN) had recieved much more attention because of its broad-spectrum antiviral, antitumor activity and immune regulation.One pair of primers were designed for amplifying pig IFN-δ gene with PCR method according to the relevant sequence from GenBank.The IFN-δ gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector, and the recombinant plasmid was obtained.We transformed the recombinant plasmid into E.coli Transetta BL21(DE3) strain and the protein expression was identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The results showed that pET-30a-DsbA-IFN-δ recombinant protein was 20 ku and expressed mainly in the form of inclusion body, these expressed protein could specific react with His-tag monoclonal antibody.
Effects of Supplemental Complex Water Soluble Vitamin on Production Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters and Oxidation Resistance of Dairy Cows
YAO Zhen, WANG Xiao-ming, YANG Zai-bin, LIU Xiao-ming, JIANG Shu-zhen
2016, 43(4):  946-952.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.014
Abstract ( 235 )   PDF (1008KB) ( 348 )  
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The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of supplemental complex water soluble vitamins on production performance, blood biochemical parameters and oxidative resistance of dairy cows in spring and summer.The experiment was designed by 2×2 factorial randomized blocks design.Eighty healthy dairy cows with similar parity and body weight were randomly divided to four groups, with 7 days of adaptation and 70 d experimental phase.The dairy cows in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in spring.The dairy cows in group Ⅱ and Ⅳ were fed a basal diet supplemented with complex water soluble vitamins in summer.The results showed that the ADFI and daily milk yield of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin in spring were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The ADFI of dairy cows receiving water soluble vitamin was significantly higher in summer (P<0.05) and daily milk yield were extremely significantly higher (P<0.01);The butterfat rate was extremely significantly increased and SCC was extremely significantly decreased in spring and summer (P<0.01);Supplementation of water soluble vitamin was also significantly increased LYM (P<0.05).In summer, T-AOC, T-SOD were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01), and TP, CK, LDH, TP, HDL and ALB were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01) by water soluble vitamin supplementation than that of control group.In conclusion, complex water soluble vitamins could increase the production performance and non-specific immune function, improve the oxidative resistance and relieved the heat stress of the dairy cows.
Effects of Complex Nutritional Regulation Additives on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance and Serum Biochemical Indexes of Grazing Sheep in Cold Season
LIANG Jing, ZHANG Wen-ju, WANG Bo
2016, 43(4):  953-959.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.015
Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 407 )  
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of complex nutritional regulation additives on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.A single factor random block design was used and 48 grazing ewes with the average weight (28.01±1.70) kg and 7 months old were randomly divided into 4 groups:Group Ⅰ without supplement;Group Ⅱ with concentrate;Group Ⅲ with concentrate+complex formulation 1 (0.30% malic acid, 0.06% cysteamine, 0.08% saccharicterpenin);Group Ⅳ with concentrate+complex formulation 2 (0.60% malic acid, 0.12% cysteamine, 0.16% saccharicterpenin)with 3 replicates per group and 4 grazing ewes per replicate.The results showed that:①The final weight of group Ⅲ was the highest and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 6.26% (P>0.05)、3.69% (P>0.05), respectively.The average daily gain of group Ⅲ was highest, and higher than group Ⅱ and Ⅳ by 26.32% (P<0.01)、5.74% (P>0.05) respectively.②Comparing with group Ⅱ, the slaughter rate of group Ⅲ was increased by 4.68% (P>0.05).Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the meat percentage of group Ⅲ was increased 18.46% (P<0.05), 10.97% (P>0.05) and 4.40% (P>0.05), while the net meat weight of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased by 49.74% (P<0.01), 13.22% (P>0.05) and 18.27% (P<0.05), respectively.Compared with groupⅠ, Ⅱ and Ⅳ, the net meat rat of carcass in group Ⅲ was increased 10.42% (P<0.01)、6.00% (P>0.05) and 3.37% (P>0.05), respectively.③There was a rising trend as the order of groupⅠ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ in serum glucose, Ca, P, HDL, LDL, GPT and IgG, while A/G and TG showed a decreasing trend.Based on the above results, in this trial, supplementing complex nutritional regulation additives had good effects on growth performance, slaughter performance and serum biochemical indexes of grazing sheep in cold season.And supplementing complex formulation group 1 (group Ⅲ) was the best.
Effect of Different Sources of Dietary Fiber on Intestine Tissue Morphology Changes of Adult Geese
XIE Yan-juan, YANG Hai-ming, SHENG Dong-feng, LI Yan-pin, JIN Shi-lei, WANG Zhi-yue
2016, 43(4):  960-966.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.016
Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 420 )  
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary fiber sources on intestine tissue morphology changes of adult Yangzhou geese.Eighteen Yangzhou geese with 25 weeks old were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 6 geese per group, namely:Rice husk meal group, alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group.At the end of the test, all geese were weighed, slaughtered and intestinal tract were collected to observe intestine tissue morphology.The results showed as follows:① No significant differences were found in the length of the duodenum and jejunum among three groups (P>0.05), ileum length of rice husk meal group was significantly higher than of alfalfa meal and Chinese wildrye groups (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found between alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P>0.05).② Duodenal villus height, villus width, crypt depth and muscle thickness of rice husk meal group were significantly higher than that of alfalfa meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P<0.05), where the crypt depth and V/C of Chinese wildrye group were significant different from alfalfa meal group (P<0.05).Jejunum villus height of rice husk meal group and Chinese wildrye group were significantly higher than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05), while crypt depth was significant lower than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05)with no significant differences founding between rice husk meal group and Chinese wildrye group (P>0.05).Muscle thickness of rice husk meal group were significantly higher than alfalfa meal group (P<0.05).Ileac villus height of Chinese wildrye group was significantly higher than the rest groups (P<0.05) and villus width of three groups showed significant differences (P<0.05), rice husk meal group was the biggest.V/C of Chinese wildrye group were significant higher than the other two groups (P<0.05), and muscle thickness of Chinese wildrye group was significantly higher than rice husk meal group and alfalfa group (P<0.05).In conclusion, the different sources of dietary fiber could significantly affect intestinal tissue morphology of adult Yangzhou geese.
Study on Changes of Blood Chemistry Indexes,Hepatic Routine Nutritional Composition and Expression of Lipid Metabolism-associated Genes during the Recovery of Geese with Fatty Livers
XIA Li-li, WANG Qian-qian, YANG Biao, SUN Xiao-xian, ZHANG Yi-hui, LIU Long, GENG Tuo-yu, GONG Dao-qing
2016, 43(4):  967-972.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.017
Abstract ( 246 )   PDF (1016KB) ( 497 )  
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This experiment aimed to determine the changes of body weight, liver weight, abdominal fat weight, hepatic routine nutritional composition, blood biochemistry indexes, as well as mRNA expression of lipid metabolism-associated genes during the recovery of Landes geese with fatty liver, which provided the basis for the further elucidation of the recovery or protection mechanism of goose fat liver.18 Landes geese were divided into three groups (6 gees in each group).Group 1 was control group, in which the geese were fed with boiled maize;Group 2 was the overfeeding group without recovery, in which the geese were overfed with a maize-based diet for 19 days;And group 3 was the overfeeding group with 20-day recovery, in which the geese were overfed with the maize-based diet for 19 days followed by feeding boiled maize for 20-day recovery.The results showed that compared with group 2, the body weight and liver weight of the geese in group 3 decreased extremely significantly (P<0.01), and the abdominal fat weights undecreased significantly (P>0.05);Moreover, the percentages of nutrients including water, ash, CP of livers in group 3 increased significantly (P<0.05), while the percentage of EE decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference for these variables between groups 1 and 3 (P>0.05) except water.In regard to blood biochemistry indexes, the contents of blood ALT, AST, TG and HDL-C in group 3 decreased significantly (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference from those of group 1 (P>0.05).The mRNA expression levels of FADS1, SCD1 and CYP2C45 in group 3 decreased significantly compared with group 1 (P<0.05), but there were no significant difference between groups 1 and 3 (P>0.05).In summary, this study demonstrated the recoverability of goose fatty liver at different layers, and thus laid a foundation for further investigation on the recovery or protective mechanism of goose fatty liver and found the solution to resolve the problems related to animal fatty liver.
Study on the Yield Grade Model of Hybrid F1 of Angus×Qinchuan Cattle
LI Jing, LANG Yu-miao, ZHANG Li, SUN Bao-zhong, XIE Peng, LI Hai-peng
2016, 43(4):  973-979.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.018
Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1228KB) ( 372 )  
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The experiment was conducted to screen the carcass traits of hybrid F1 of Angus×Qinchuan cattle and establish the yield model.115 Angus×Qinchuan F1 cattles were randomly selected and the carcass traits were measured to screen and establish the yield model.Correlation analysis and multivariate factor analysis were used to decompose the correlation matrix of carcass measurement traits of crossed-bred cattles.The results showed that carcass weight, hindquarter cut, loin eye area and backfat thickness were important yield indexes.The model was set up by matching them to meat production percentage with multivariate linear regression:Meat production percentage(%)=41.372-0.046×carcass weight+0.403×hindquarter cut -0.049×loin eye area+0.334×backfat thickness (R2=0.850).The model was proved to be accurate after the regression diagnostics and t test with no significant differences between predicted values and measure values.These results indicated that the model could be used to predict the meat yield of hybrid F1 of Angus×Qinchuan cattle and provide technical support to carry out the carcass grading of snowflake cattle.
Analysis of Meat Quality and Mineral Content in Muscle of Mongolia Beef in Kubuqi Desert
ZHAO Chen-he, Aorigele, WANG Chun-jie, JIANG Jing, ZHANG Yan, HAO Jian-gang
2016, 43(4):  980-984.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.019
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The assay was aimed to explore the beef quality and characteristics of Mongolia beef by comparative on beef quality and mineral elements of Mongolia beef and Simmental cattle.6 Mongolia beef and 6 Simmental cattle were chosen to collect the longissimus for analysis.The results showed that the color of Mongolia beef was wine-colored.The a* value, b* value, water holding ratio, cooked meat rate and shear force of Mongolia beef were significantly higher than Simmental cattle (P<0.05), and the drip loss rate and pH were significantly lower than Simmental cattle (P<0.05).The amount of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn were significantly higher in longissimus in Mongolia beef comparing to Simmental cattle (P<0.05), while the amount of P and I were significantly lower (P<0.05), and other elements contents were no significant difference (P>0.05).It suggested that the taste, juiciness and chromaticity of Kubuqi Mongolia beef were better and it had richer particle minerals than Simmental cattle, indicating that Mongolia beef had higher meat quality.
Heavy Metals Residues in Soil,Feed and Beef of the Cattle Industry in Yili area of Xinjiang
LIU Ying-yu, WANG Jin-quan, WUMAIERJIANG·Yahefu, LIU Li-li, LI Lin, ZHANG Xiao-hong, YAO Gang
2016, 43(4):  985-990.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.020
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In order to understand the situation of heavy metal residues of the beef industry chain in Yili area of Xinjiang.The heavy metals (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farm were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd)contents in soil samples were 0.03-0.20, 3.87-8.30, 0.15-0.23, 0.09-0.48 and 0.41-0.86 mg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in feed samples were 3.01-18.09, 75.35-94.27, 19.65-24.37, 0.06-1.04 and 1.81-8.46 μg/kg, respectively.The heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in beef samples were 0.23-0.54, 1.22-7.12, 0.28-0.53, 0.01-0.27 and 0.02-0.03 μg/kg, respectively.The correlation coefficient of the heavy metal element between soil and feed, feed and beef, soil and beef were 0.96, 0.99 and 0.98, respectively.It was concluded that the heavy metal (Pb, As, Hg, Cr and Cd) contents in soil, feed and beef of the cattle farms in Yili area did not exceed the standard and that in the soil, feed and beef had the high correlations.
Analysis of B-ultrasound Luteal Variation Related Indicators of Delayed Ovulation Dairy Cows after Estrus at Different Stages
LIU Xian-xia, WANG Han-kui, WANG Shu-jie, WANG Hai-bin, GU Xin-li
2016, 43(4):  991-998.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.021
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The study was aimed to observe the variation and differences of corpus luteum of delayed ovulation cows after estrus.Based on the observation of clinical symptoms, rectal examination and diagnosis of B-ultrasound scanning, 8 delayed ovulation dairy cows with the variation (delayed ovulation group) and 5 healthy and normal dairy cows with estrus (control group) were selected, and the related indicators of the corpus luteum (diameter, area, perimeter and volume) were measured by B-ultrasound scanning.These luteal indicators were compared and analyzed further, and the luteal typical sonography obtained of the different stages were described.The results showed that the diameter, area, perimeter and volume during 7 to 15 d after estrus of the corpus luteum had no significant differences between delayed ovulation group and control group (P>0.05).However, on the 9th and 13th day after estrus, the luteal relevant indicators of delayed ovulation group cows (diameter, volume, area and perimeter) were greater than that of control group cows and less than normal dairy cows on the 11th day.There were no significant differences in diameter, area, circumference and volume of corpus luteum at the different stages after estrus between the delayed ovulation dairy cows and the normal ones.
The Relative Bioavailability of Mn Sources in Weaned Piglets
WEI Mao-lian, YANG Wei-ren, YANG Zai-bin, JIANG Shu-zhen, ZHANG Gui-guo, WANG Gong-ying
2016, 43(4):  999-1005.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.022
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The objective of this study was to determine the bioavailability of organic Mn (Mn-Gly and Mn-AA) relative to inorganic source (MnSO4·H2O) in weaned piglets.A total of two hundreds and twenty-four post-weaning piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with (9.67±0.13)kg body weight were randomly allotted to seven treatments (eight piglets per replicate).3×2 two factors completely random design was used with two levels of added Mn (20, 40 mg/kg) and three Mn sources (Mn-Gly, Mn-AA and Mn sulfate), and a control group with no added Mn was included.The experimental phase was 35 days, including 7 days adaption.The results showed that the growth performance, Mn-SOD activity, Mn content in serum, heart, kidney and pancreas were not significantly affected by Mn sources or Mn sources×Mn levels interaction (P>0.05).However, the liver and bone Mn contents were significantly affected by Mn source and Mn level (P<0.05).Based on slope ratios from multiple linear regression between Mn contents in liver and metatarsal bone and dietary supplemental Mn intake, the relative bioavailabilities of Mn-Gly and Mn-AA were 125.95% and 112.79% for liver Mn content and 133.08% and 119.25% for metatarsal bone Mn content compared to 100% of Mn sulfate, respectively, indicating that the bioavailabilities of Mn-Gly and Mn-AA were significantly higher than Mn sulfate (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences between Mn-Gly and Mn-AA (P>0.10).
Mutation Breeding and Optimization of Enzyme-producing Condition of Bacillus lichenniformis Producing Cellulase
YU Zu-hua, DING Ke, HOU Kui, LI Yuan-xiao, LI Wang, LIU Yi-chen, CAO Ping-hua, JIA Yan-yan, CHENG Xiang-chao
2016, 43(4):  1006-1011.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.023
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In order to improve the ability of producing cellulase of Bacillus lichenniformis, the mutational strain was screened after Bacillus lichenniformis LY02 was induced by UV.Then the best optimal enzyme-producing condition, inoculum size, temperature, incubation time, initial pH and metal ions were studied.The results showed that the cellulase activity of mutated strain was increased by 34.31%.And the best optimal ferment conditions were as follows:Inoculation concentration was 1.5%, cultivated temperature was 37℃, ferment time was 24 h, initial pH of medium was 5.0, and K+ and Ba2+ could promote the cellulase producing.These results were contributed to develop the strain to be applied in practice.
Study on Change of Lymphocyte Subpopulations in Swine after Immunization with Inactivated Vaccine
ZHANG Liu, FENG Xia, JIN Ye, QI Shu-yun, ZHANG Xiao-xia, MA Jun-wu
2016, 43(4):  1012-1016.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.024
Abstract ( 203 )   PDF (1579KB) ( 527 )  
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In order to investigate the change of lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood after injection of foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine, blood samples were collected after vaccination and assayed with flow cytometry.The results showed that the proportion of dendritic cells (DCs) increased significantly in a short time after vaccination, after which the number of B cells, helper T (Th) cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) also raised with significance.The changing trend of B cells proportion was highly relevant with Th cells and a same correlation also appeared in the antibody titers.This indicated that the innate immune system could be activated rapidly after vaccination with the inactivated vaccine, and the adaptive immune response including cellular immune response and humoral immune response could be invoked subsequently.The high level of neutralizing antibodies was of great importance in evading FMDV and the cellular immune response also exerted a crucial role.
Tissue Expression Profile and Differential Expression of LTβR Gene in Sutai Piglets of Different Ages
XIA Ri-wei, GAN Li-na, QIN Wei-yun, SUN Shou-yong, BAO Wen-bin, WU Sheng-long
2016, 43(4):  1017-1023.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.025
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Dynamic changes of LTβR expression levels in 11 tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, muscle, thymus, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum) of Sutai piglets ranging from newborn to post-weaning days 8, 18, 30, and 35 were compared and analyzed by the Real-time PCR method, which aimed to provide theoretical basis for further investigate the relationship between LTβR gene and pathogenicity of E.coli F18.The results revealed that the LTβR expression levels were higher in the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, lymph node, duodenum and jejunum, and showed obvious age-dependent expression differentiation.The LTβR expression levels in the lymph node, duodenum, and jejunum were extremely significant higher in 8 days old piglets than in the other age stages (P<0.01), and the expression levels were extremely significantly higher in the lungs of 8 days old piglets than in 35 days old piglets (P<0.01) and significantly higher than 30 days old piglets (P<0.05).In the liver tissue, the expression level was extremely significant higher in 35 days old piglets than in other age stages (P<0.01).In the stomach tissue, the expression level was significantly higher in 35 days old piglets than in 18 days old piglets (P<0.05).The results speculated that intestinal immune barrier of piglets formed rapidly around 8 days old and the higher LTβR expression could contribute to the resistance to E.coli F18.
Microsatellite Analysis of Six Chinese Indigenous Sheep Breeds
QIU Xiao-yu, HUANG Yong-fu, ZHAO Yong-ju, NA Ri-su
2016, 43(4):  1024-1031.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.026
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This article described the relationship among six Chinese indigenous sheep breeds.There were six microsatellite loci which used to analyze the genetic diversity.Based on the allele frequency of six sheep variations, we calculated the mean heterozygosity (Ho), which were from 0.5446 to 0.7140;The polymorphism information content (PIC) in six sheep breeds were from 0.5211 to 0.7732.Genetic variations within breed were analyzed in the study, and we clustered the UPGMA tree according to the DA genetic distance.The results showed that six breeds had relatively abundant genetic diversity, and MXB had the highest genetic variation, while SW had the lowest genetic variation.The inbreeding coefficient of SW was higher than other breeds, which revealed a higher inbreeding degree in this breed.Phylogenetic tree was constructed using UPGMA, which showed that LZD and MXB were classified as a class, HZK and GF were classified as a class, SIH and SW were classified as a class.The results revealed the genetic structure of breeds correlated with geographical distribution and history of domestication.
Expression Analysis of THBS3 Gene in Different Tissues and Skeletal Muscles at Different Periods from Landrace and Tongcheng Pigs
MA Xi-shan, TANG Zhong-lin, XIAO Chong, YANG Bo-chao, QIN Chuan
2016, 43(4):  1032-1038.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.027
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To study the expression pattern of THBS3 gene in different tissues and during skeletal muscle development, the THBS3 gene expression in different tissues and skeletal muscles during prenatal periods (33, 45, 65, 70 and 90 d) and postnatal periods (0, 9, 30, 60, 120 and 160 d) from Landrace and Tongcheng pigs were detected by Real-time quantification PCR.The results showed that THBS3 gene widely expressed in all tissues examined, exhibiting similar spatial expression patterns with expression peaks in lung in both pig breeds except in stomach and intestine.Moreover, although THBS3 gene showed a significant higher expression level in gestation than after birth in Landrace and Tongcheng pigs (P<0.05), it exhibited different expression patterns between Landrace and Tongcheng pigs, the expression peak was detected at gestation day 45 in Landrace pig, while was detected at gestation day 65 in Tongcheng pig.The results suggested that THBS3 gene involved in skeletal muscle growth and development in pigs, as well as the regulation of asynchronization of skeletal muscle development in different pig breeds.
Effects of Active Immunization with GnIH and INH Epitope Peptide Vaccine on Reproductive Hormones of Gansu Alpine Fine-wool Sheep
ZHANG Ling-ling, YANG Bo-hui, YUE Yao-jing, GUO Ting-ting, LIU Jian-bin, YUAN Chao, NIU Chun-e, FENG Rui-lin, GUO Jian, SUN Xiao-ping, LIU Shan-bo
2016, 43(4):  1039-1044.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.028
Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (1006KB) ( 430 )  
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This study aimed to detect the reproductive hormones levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep by active immunization of two synthesized epitope peptide vaccines A and B which were combined inhibit hormone (INH) and gonadotropin inhibit hormone (GnIH).15 Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep were selected which were 3.5 year old and lived in anoestrus season, 3 groups each had 5 sheep, GnIH epitope peptide vaccine and INH epitope peptide vaccine were named epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups, while blank group was injected with saline.The blood was collected before immunization and immuned, and bloods were collected once every 7 days, meanwhile collected blood every 15 min after estrus.The serum was used to detect antibody, FSH and LH levels by ELISA Kits.The results showed that the epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups produced the corresponding antibodies after the initial immunization, and epitope peptide vaccine B group produced more antibodies than epitope peptide vaccine A group.Epitope peptide vaccine B group promoted the FSH secretion levels was significantly higher than epitope peptide vaccine A group in 75, 90 and 105 min (P<0.05);In 45 to 105 minutes, the LH secretion levels of epitope peptide vaccine B group was significantly higher than epitope peptide vaccine A group (P<0.05), while the LH and FSH levels in epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups were significantly higher than control group (P<0.05).This study indicated that the epitope peptide vaccine A and B groups could promote the FSH and LH secretion levels through active immunity in Gansu Alpine Fine-wool sheep and had a good immune function.This study laid a foundation for the application of epitope peptide vaccine on sheep.
Polymorphism of PRKAG2 Gene and its Association Analysis with Economic Traits in Peking Duck
ZHANG Chun-lei, ZHOU Yuan, FANG Xing-tang, HOU Shui-sheng, ZHANG Gui-ying, CHEN Hong, CHEN Guo-hong
2016, 43(4):  1045-1049.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.029
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PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing technology were used to investigate the polymorphism of PRKAG2 gene in the Peking duck population with 334 birds.One SNP (A>G) of PRKAG2 gene was detected, which located at the 3'-untranslating region of PRKAG2 gene, there were three genotypes:AA, AB and BB, and AA genotype was the dominant genotype.It had extremely significant association with weight of 18 days old and chest width (P<0.01), and had significant association with keel length (P<0.05).So this polymorphic locus might serve as a molecular marker for Peking duck selection, and could provide references for improvement of duck performance.
The Isolation,Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Theileria
LIU Juan, LIU Jun-long, LIU Ai-hong, ZHAO Hong-xi, YANG Cong-shan, ZHAO Shuai-yang, LIU Guang-yuan, YIN Hong, GUAN Gui-quan, LUO Jian-xun
2016, 43(4):  1050-1057.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.030
Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (1986KB) ( 388 )  
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Bovine theileriosis was a kind of hemo-protozoan diseases that seriously hindered the sustainable development of cattle industry.In the present study, the infection of Theileria was detected using microscopic examination and species-specifc PCR of T.annulata, T.sergenti and T.sinensis from 18 blood samples collected from a breeding cattle farm in China.Then ITS and MPSP genes were amplified and cloned using universal primers of ITS and allele-specific primers of 4 major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) from the positive samples.The sequences were used to make alignment, polymorphism and phylogeny analysis.The results showed that 3 samples were positive for Theileria and the 3 positive samples were all the T.sergenti infection.The amplification of allelic MPSP gene of T.sergenti from the 3 positive samples showed that two of them were single infection by Ikeda-type and another one was co-infection with both Chitose-type and Ikeda-type, while Buffeli-type and Thai-type were not detected.Moreover, on the basis of phylogenetic tree constructed with MPSP gene sequences, types 1 and 2 of MPSP were confirmed to be present in the cattle farm.The results revealed that there were T.sergenti infection in the breeding cattle farm, and these parasites at least with 2 allelic MPSP gene types were present, which indicated that the immune prevention and control of the disease became more complicated.Our research laid foundation of the further study on T.sergenti infection and disease prevention and control.
Method for Determination of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Pig Excreta by HPLC
XU Gang, WANG Zhou-qin, SONG He, FANG Chun-lin, RAO Yong
2016, 43(4):  1058-1065.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.031
Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (1885KB) ( 471 )  
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A HPLC-FLD method was developed for determination of enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) levels in feces and urine of pig.The pig feces was ultrasonic extracted by acetonitrile-ammonia, then added trichloroacetic acid to make the extraction acidification.The pig urine was acidulated by phosphoric acid and the extraction of feces solution were enriched and purified by solid phase extraction small column, took purification liquid for HPLC analysis.Conditions of HPLC mobile phase was acetonitrile (A):citric acid/ammonium acetate buffer (B), the procedure of gradient elution was 0 to 25 min, A:10% to 40%;25 to 30 min, A:40% to 10%.The detector of fluorescence excitation wavelength was 278 nm, emission wavelength was 465 nm, chromatographic data were measured and recorded.The results showed that the LOD of ENR and CIP were lower than 0.01 mg/L in urine and 0.021 mg/kg in feces, the LOQ of ENR and CIP were lower than 0.03 mg/L in urine and 0.056 mg/kg in feces.ENR and CIP in the concentration of 0.01 to 1.0 mg/mL levels range had good linear relationship, R2 were 0.9994 and 0.9992 in pig urine, respectively;ENR and CIP in the concentration of 0.02 to 2.0 mg/mL levels range had good linear relationship, R2 were 0.9986 and 0.9981 in pig feces, respectively.The recovery ratio of ENR were 79.4% and 88.5%, and the recovery ratio of CIP were 75.8% and 89.9% in pig feces and urine.After get on validation, the method was easy in sample processing and testing, the results were accurate, reliable and high sensitivity, which was a worth promoting detection method.
Studies on Preparation and Application of Fuzhengjiedusan Compound Preparation Fermentated by Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broilers
SHI Hong-tao, QIAO Hong-xing, WANG Yong-fen, JIANG Ya-le, BIAN Chuan-zhou
2016, 43(4):  1066-1071.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.032
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This study was aimed toproduce compound preparations of Fuzhengjiedusan fermented with Lactic acid bacteria and analyze its effectson growth performancesand immune organ growth of broilers. Firstly, to identify the influence of traditional Chinese medicine on the growth of Lactic acid bacteria, the medium for the growth of Lactic acid bacteria was filled with different proportions of Astragalusmembranaceus, Radix Isatidis, Epimedium and compound Chinese herbal medicine extracts by single factor test. Secondly, to confirm the optimum medium, orthogonal test was used to optimize the culture medium of compound medicine liquid. Finally, 450 one-day-old healthy AA broilers were randomized into three groups, each group had 3 repeats: control group (antibiotics), group Ⅰ(fermented preparation), group Ⅱ (unfermented preparation). The growth and immune organ index were determined in 21 and 42 days after administration. The results showed that the highest viable count of Astragalusmembranaceus, Radix Isatidis, Epimedium and compound medicine liquid groups were increased by 261.64%, 505.48%, 156.16% and 564.38%, respectively, compared with control group. The optimum medium composition was compound medicine liquid 100 mL, brown sugar 2.0 g, peptone 0.3 g, soybean meal 2.0 g. The viable count of fermentation liquid was 7.13×109 CFU/mL.The production results showed that in period of 1~42 days, the daily weight gain of group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were separately increased by 17.84% and 8.22% (P<0.05) than that of the control. What's more, the feed conversion rate was reduced by 10.88% (P<0.05). The average daily feed intake was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05). At 21 and 42 days, the spleen index of group Ⅰ were improved by 11.04% and 13.58% (P<0.05), respectively. The bursal index were raised by 31.30% and 26.23% (P<0.05), respectively. However, the spleen index of group Ⅱ were improved by 7.79% and 7.41% (P<0.05), respectively. The bursal index were raised by 15.65% and 11.48% (P<0.05), respectively. On the basis of the above results, it could be suggested that Chinese herbal medicine extracts can promote lactic acid bacteria proliferation and compound fermentation liquid can improve growth performance in broilers, as well as immune organ development.
Pathogen Analysis of Goat's Respiratory Diseases
TAO Li, LAN Xian-li, LI Jun, MA Chun-xia, LAN Jin-hong, HUANG Ming-xue, LAN Mei-yi, BI Bing-fen, CHEN Ze-xiang, YANG Wei
2016, 43(4):  1072-1078.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.033
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To investigate the pathogens of goat's respiratory disease from a goat farm in Guangxi province, the epidemiological investigation, clinic observation, pathological examination, bacterium isolation and identification, biochemical test, PCR and animal experiment test were conducted.The preventive and control measures were taken on the basis of pathogen epidemiological characteristics and drug sensitive test results.The results showed that Mycoplasma, influenza virus and parasite were negative by isolation and culture or PCR, however, two strains of gram-negative bacteria named MS1 and MS2 were isolated from lung.MS1 was identified as Serratia marcescens by biochemical test and 16S rRNA sequencing, which shared 99% nucleotide homology with other Serratia marcescens in GenBank.And MS2 was identified as E.coil by the same methods that shared 99% nucleotide homology with other E.coli in GenBank.Animal experiment showed that two strains could cause death in mice.The drug sensitive tests showed two strains were highly sensitive to spectinomycin, amikacin, kanamicin and neomycin.Kanamycin and dexamethasone were used to treat the sick goats, and achieved good results.
Monitoring Analysis of Common Swine Disease in Partial Areas of Guangxi in 2014
WEI Xian-kai, JIANG Xiao-xia, SU Jiao-xiu, MENG Zhen-mu, BI Jing-shan, SUN Wen-chao, CAO Hui-hui, ZHENG Lie-feng, ZHENG Min
2016, 43(4):  1079-1085.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.034
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To understand the current status of common swine diseases in Guangxi, total 325 pig tissue samples were collected from morbidity farms and slaughter houses.CSFV, PRRSV and PEDV were detected by RT-PCR, PCV2 and PRV were detected by PCR.The results showed that the infection rates of those viruses in morbidity farms were 12.00%, 28.57%, 19.43%, 53.71% and 9.71%, respectively, and in the slaughter houses were 5.33%, 2.67%, 5.33%, 59.33% and 11.33%, respectively.The rate of PCV2 coinfection with other virus was the highest.In the morbidity farms, PRRSV+PCV2 was the most universal double infection, which was 11.43%, posteriorly was PEDV+PCV2, CSFV+PCV2 and PCV2+PRV, which were 5.71%, 4.00% and 4.00%, respectively, and PRRSV+PEDV+PCV2 and PRRSV+PCV2+PRV were the most universal tripartite infection, both of them were 2.29%.In the slaughter houses, PCV2+PRV was the most universal double infection, which was 3.33%, CSFV+PCV2+PRV was the most universal triple infection, which was 0.67%.These results indicated that PCV2 had the highest infection rate not only in morbidity farms but also in slaughter houses.PCV2 coinfection with other virus was universal.The infection rate of PRV has risen.It was important to enhance the surveillance of PCV2 and PRV for the control of swine disease in Guangxi.
Investigation of Molecular Etiology of Theileria equi Infection in Three Herds
XUE Yan, DENG Xian-you, WANG Jia-fu, RAN Xue-qin, TIAN Song-jun, WEI Xiao-hong
2016, 43(4):  1086-1091.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.035
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To explore the prevalence of Theileria equi (T.equi) infection in horse in Guizhou province, the antibody level and 18S rRNA gene were detected from blood samples of Guizhou pony, Southwest horse and Yili horse using competitive ELISA and PCR methods.Giemsa-stained blood smear was prepared to observe T.equi in red blood cells.Intact protozoans of T.equi were observed in red blood cells of horses at Giemsa-stained slide smears with a detection rate of 12.5%.The 18S rRNA gene fragment of T.equi was detected in Guizhou pony, Southwest horse and Yili horse, and the consistent rates with the known nucleotide sequence were 97% to 100%.The PCR result indicated that the positive rates of T.equi in Guizhou pony (76.62%) and Yili horse (73.81%) were similar, which were higher than that in Southwest horse (33.33%).Furthermore, the antibody levels against T.equi in Guizhou pony (24.68%) and Southwest horse (12.12%) were lower than that in Yili horse (31.71%).A weak correlation between the antibody level and the blood physicochemical indexes was calculated from Guizhou pony and Southwest horse, including weak positive correlations with neutrophils numbers, gamma-glutamyl transferase and creatine kinase levels, and weak negative correlations with the numbers of red blood cell, white blood cell, platelet and lymphocyte and contents of hemoglobin.It suggested that a higher proportion of T.equi infection present in three herds.
Study on the Effects of Stephania delavayi Diels Water Extracts Combined with Antibiotics on NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter in Vitro
WU Yong-ji, LIU Zeng-yuan, PANG Zhen-yu, SUN Yan-jie, ZHAO Yu-chuan, HU Mei, LIN Li-liang, YAN Ze-hao, HUANG Kai, SI Hong-bin
2016, 43(4):  1092-1097.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.036
Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (1315KB) ( 372 )  
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The study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial activity of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter in vitro induced by water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels combined with antibacterial agents, and provide reference for the utilization of Stephania delavayi Diels.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels and antibacterial agents were tested through twice micro-dilution method.NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter were induced and subcultured by the 1/2 MIC of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels combined with antibacterial agents.The results showed that the MIC of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels was 0.250 g/mL.The MIC of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter was decreased obviously after inducing by 0.125 g/mL of water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels combined with 8 antibacterial agents, such as ceftriaxone sodium, amoxicillin, cefotaxime sodium, mequindox, sulfamonomethoxine, ceftazidime, ceftiofur sodium and meropenem.Antibacterial activities of antibacterial agents against NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter were enhanced obviously by combining with water extracts of Stephania delavayi Diels, and this combination could inhibit NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter to a certain degree.
Resistance Analysis and Genotype Detection of ESBLs-producing Swine E.coli Strains in Parts of Guizhou Province
CAO Min, TAN Ai-juan, LV Shi-ming, CHANG Xin, DING Chang-qing, CHEN Ting, WANG Zhen-yan
2016, 43(4):  1098-1104.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.037
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To find out the drug resistance and the distribution and prevalence of ESBLs genotypes of E.coli strains on scale pig farms in Guizhou, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 164 E.coli strains were determined.And the genotype of ESBLs was identified and determined by CLSI standard method, DNA was amplified and the 4 genotypes of drug resistance plasmid of ESBLs were analyzed by PCR.The results showed that the drug resistance rates of 164 E.coli strains to ten kinds of antimicrobial agents were ceftiofur 93.29%, ampicillin 87.19%, tetracycline 86.59%, gentamicin 81.10%, streptomycin 53.66%, polymyxin 51.83%, ciprofloxacin 53.05%, kanamycin 47.56%, chlortetracycline 34.76% and florfenicol 21.95%, respectively, and most of them were multiple drug resistance strains, during which there were 137 strains ESBLs positive, detection rate was 83.54%, and the detection rates of 4 regions were different.The detection rates of TEM, CTX-M-1, SHV and OXA-1 genes of 137 ESBLs-producing E.coli strains were 90.51%, 70.07%, 51.82% and 43.07%, respectively.And the detection rates were various in 4 regions.The results showed that the drug resistance of E.coli strains from scale pig farms was serious in Guizhou, and the detection rate of ESBLs strains was very high, the drug resistance gene detection rate was extremely high, and most drug resistance strains were the composite genotype drug resistant.To prevent and cure colibacillosis in veterinary clinic effectively, we should reinforce monitoring and studying about the ESBLs-producing drug resistance bacteria.
Study on Fans Cooling of Dairy Cowshed with Free Stall in Northern Mountainous Region of Hebei in Summer
LI Hong-shuang, QIU Dian-rui, GUO Jian-jun, GAO Yu-hong, CUI Ya-li, BAI Li-na
2016, 43(4):  1105-1110.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.038
Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (2392KB) ( 526 )  
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The present objective of the study was to investigate the effect of fans cooling on dairy cow in northern mountainous region of Hebei in summer.Two cowsheds with the same structure and feeding technics were used to investigate the effect of fans on indoor temperature and humidity, physiological parameters and milking performance of dairy cow.The results showed that the average ambient temperature in cowshed with fans was 1.5℃ lower than that of the control cowshed, and the average wind velocity was 0.49 m/s higher than that of the control cowshed, reaching to 0.66 m/s.Temperature-humidity index (THI) of cowshed with fans was significantly lower than that of the control shed during the period of fans running (P<0.05).Besides, the rectal temperature and respiration rate of dairy cows in cowshed with fans were significantly lower than of the control cowshed (P<0.05), and the milk yield per cow per day was 17.0% higher than that of the control cowshed (P<0.05), however, the milk fat, milk protein and milk sugar were no significant difference from the control (P>0.05).Overall, fans could decrease indoor environment, moderate heat stress and increase performance and health of dairy cows in northern mountainous region of Hebei.
Safety Analysis and Evaluation of Animal Fat and Vegetable Oil
BAOYINDUGURONG·Jinhua, HESHUOTE Mailisi, Hugejiletu, HUANG Chun-hua, HOU Rong-lun, Wurijin, HAN Song, ZHONG Gang, GUO Tie-long, XIAO Liang, XU Ying-chun
2016, 43(4):  1111-1117.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.039
Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (1091KB) ( 686 )  
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Animal fat had long been considered as the main reason of raising cholesterol level in serum, and causing arteriosclerosis.Therefore, animal fat was replaced by vegetable oil as major edible oil.With large amount of vegetable oil was consumed, there was a huge impact on processing and selling of animal products.However, many diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and allergy had gradually threaten the people's health.People began to focus on edible oil and started to find causes of diseases.In this paper we contrasted the physiological effects of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids on animal fat with vegetable oil, moreover, studied the significance of two types oil's radio of (n-6)/(n-3), and proved the vegetable oil contains trace harmful factor.By providing valuable data, vegetable oil was proved to generate environmental hormone and trans-fatty acids through hydrogenation, which the environmental hormone could cause a decreasing in male sperm and neurological abnormalities, and the trans-fatty acids could cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Its proved that animal fat was not contain harmful trace factors and generate hormonelike substances.Under the low caloric diet condition, saturated fatty acid would not cause illness.Therefore, this article proved that animal fat was more safety than vegetable oil within the scope of normal human daily intake of edible oil.
Discussion on Grassland Ecological Function Regionalization in Xinjiang
YU Hui, XUN Qi-lei, ZHANG Yan-hui, ZHANG Qing-qing, ZHU Guang-hui, AN Sha-zhou
2016, 43(4):  1118-1124.  doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2016.04.040
Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (1753KB) ( 336 )  
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In this review, the basic eco-environmental characteristics of grassland in Xinjiang were analyzed, and the grassland types, use pattern of grassland and spatial distribution were clarified.Putting forward principle and method of ecological function regionalization of grassland in Xinjiang based on ecological function regionalization.After consideration of the Xinjiang grassland distinctive geological distribution patters, the Xinjiang grassland is divided into five ecological zone, and sixteen ecological function areas, named by two-structure method, identified the location and ecological service function.Aimed at Xinjiang grassland find suitable evaluation methods, provided theoretical bases for local eco-environmental protection and socioeconomic development.