This study was aimed to prepare polyclonal antibodies against porcine adenovirus serotype 3 (PADV-3) Hexon protein.The recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid pET28a-Hexon was constructed and transformed into BL21 (DE3), 1 mmol/L concentration of IPTG was used to induce the target gene expression which was then analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.The expressed proteins were emulsified with freund's adjuvant, the mixture was used to immunize the rabbit to prepare the polyclonal antibodies against PADV-3 Hexon protein.The immunocompetence and titers of the antibody were identified by immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA).The results showed that prokaryotic expressed Hexon protein existed as inclusion bodies, with a molecular weight of 105 ku, eukaryotic expressed Hexon protein was only observed in the cytoplasm of HEK293 cells.PADV-3 Hexon-specific polyclonal antibody showed perfect activity which recognized the PADV-3 propagated in PK-15 cells and the recombinant Hexon protein expressed in HEK293 cells specifically, it was IPMA antibody positive when diluted in 1:1 600 ratio.The prepared PADV-3 Hexon polyclonal antibodies showed wonderful activity and specificity.

In order to find out the impact of Brucella LPS on macrophages NLRP3-inflammasome, the mouse macrophages were infected by the different concentrations of LPS which extracted from Brucella 2308, RB51 and △WbkA to explore the changes of NLRP3-inflammasome related genes, ASC, caspase1, IL1-β, IL18 at transcription levels using Real-time PCR.The results showed RB51 LPS and △WbkA LPS regulating NLRP3-inflammasome related genes transcription relied on concentrations, and concentrations of 2308 LPS had little effect on NLRP3-inflammasome related genes transcription; And under the same concentration, RB51 LPS and 2308 LPS better regulated Caspase1, IL1-β, IL18 transcriptions than △WbkA LPS.

The assay was aimed to performe a phylogenetic analysis of the complete genome of a rabies virus collected from Beijing city in 2012, and compare the molecular characteristics among this strain and the prevalent strains obtained within China.Brain tissue was obtained from a rabies dog and the direct immunofluorescence assay was carried out to detect rabies virus inclusions.Polymerase chain reaction was used to amplify the genomic nucleotides, which were then fully sequenced and analyzed with the neighbor-joining method.BJ2012ZW strain was a type 1 of Lyssavirus and had a similarity of 83.9% to 99.7% with the prevalent strains in China.Phylogenetic analysis indicated BJ2011E and CNM1101C, which were obtained from Beijing in 2011, shared 99.7% sequence homology with BJ2012ZW strain.Epitopepeptide analysis demonstrated that some of the amino acid residues in G protein were different from the strains for rabies vaccine production in China.BJ2012ZW strain was one of the prevalent strains in China, and the significant differences between BJ2012ZW and vaccine strains indicated the vaccines used might be ineffective in China.

In order to establish the assay of SYBR Green Ⅰ Real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR for detecting three important swine cytokines IL-12, IFN-α and TNF-α.Three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the sequence of IL-12, IFN-α and TNF-α from GenBank to amplify the objective genes.The three genes were respectively cloned to the pMD18-T vector.The corresponding plasmids were identified by sequencing, and they were then used as quantitative template to construct the standard curve and to analyze the melting curve, detection sensitivity, specificity and repeatability.The results showed that Ct value of the three genes had good linear relationship (R²≥0.992) with the dilution ranging from 1×10¹ to 1×10⁶ copies/μL.The melting curve displayed a single peak and good repeatability.The established assay was used to detect the transcriptional level of IL-12, IFN-α and TNF-α mRNA in the swine PBMC inoculated PRRSV TJM-F92.The results indicated that mRNA levels of IL-12, IFN-α and TNF-α in the swine PBMC inoculated PRRSV TJM-F92 were all significantly increased (P< 0.01).The research provides the platform for quantitative analysis of swine cytokine IL-12, IFN-α and TNF-α.

In order to understand the variation of outer membrane protein H (ompH) gene and the correlation with capsular type, the capsular typing and ompH gene of 44 strains of P.multocida were examined and anlalyzed by PCR method.The results showed that 22 strains were capsular type A, 17 strains were capsular type B, 5 strains were identified as capsular type D.The open reading frames of ompH gene were from 1 002 to 1 056 bp.The predicted maturation proteins were composed of 313 to 331 amino acids except the signal peptide including 20 amino acid residues in N terminal.The molecular weight of maturation proteins were from 33.83 to 36.46 ku.The alignment data indicated that the nucleotide sequence homologies were from 86.2% to 100.0%, and the homology of amino acid were from 86.0% to 100.0%.The phylogenetic tree constructed by the ompH gene showed that capsular type A, B and D strains were in different branches.The sequence analysis results showed the ompH gene of P.multocida isolated from swine had high homology among different serotypes.At the same time, there was a correlation between capsular type and the ompH gene.

Regulator of G protein signaling 5 was cloned and analyzed by RT-PCR and bioinformatic methods.Phylogenetic tree was constructed using ClustalX 1.83 and Mega 5.0.The results showed that the sequence of RGS5 was 863 bp and contained an open reading frame of 546 bp, which encoded 181 amino acids.Phylogenetic tree indicated that amino acids of RGS5 in Maiwa yak had high homology with cattle.The molecular mass of RGS5 protein was 20.94 ku and the theoretical PI was 6.35.The RGS5 was an unstable protein.It mainly contained helix with no signal peptide and transmembrane domain.Tertiary structure of RGS5 protein of Maiwa yak had similar tertiary structure with human RGS5 protein.It would be benefit for further study on function of RGS in Maiwa yak.

The experiment was aimed to study the expression of the Tibetan sheep lysozyme (LZM) 1 gene in rumen, omasum, abomasum, trachea, liver and kidney and the evolutionary relationship between LZM1 and other lysozymes, and its antibacterial activity.The LZM1 gene cDNA sequence was cloned by RT-PCR method, the expression of LZM1 gene was detected by qPCR.Amino acids sequence alignment was performed between LZM1 and cattle stomach lysozyme, Tibetan sheep stomach lysozyme 2, human stomach lysozyme, et al.And phylogenetic tree was constructed based on Neighbor-Joining, the cloned gene was inserted into pET-32a vector to construct a prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a-LZM1.Recombinant expression vector was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) followed by IPTG (isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside) inducing.Heterologous expressed LZM1 was analyzed by SDS-PAGE.The bacteriolytic activity of recombinant protein was observed by turbidimetry and agarose plate diffusion experiment.The results showed that LZM1 gene was successfully cloned from rumen, omasum, abomasums, trachea, liver and spleen of Tibetan sheep.The LZM1 gene was expressed in rumen, omasum, abomasums, trachea, liver and spleen, and the mRNA level of LZM1 in abomasus was higher than in other tissues.The highest amino acids sequence similarity (96%) was observed between LZM1 and cattle stomach lysozyme (No:NM_001080339.1), the recombinant protein LZM1 was correctly expressed, with the molecular mass of 35 ku.The bacteriolytic activity of recombinant protein was 400 U／mL.The result of the agarose diffusion assay indicated that the recombinant protein possessed a certain antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

In order to study and analyze the F1L gene of Orf virus in Guizhou province (ORFV-GZ), we studied the scab materials of lambs with clinical sore mouth symptom in Guizhou province.The F1L gene was amplified, cloned and sequenced using bioinformatics softwares and methods, the secondary structure, B-cell preponderant epitope, conserved domains analysis, transmembrane domain and signal peptide of F1L gene were predicted.The results indicated the length of F1L gene was 1 029 bp, encoding 342 amino acids.The F1L gene of ORFV-GZ strain shared a nucleotide identities of 98.4%, 97.9%, 97.8% and 96.8%, and an amino acid identities of 98.3%, 97.6%, 97.3% and 95.3% with those of strains OV-SA00, NZ2, OV-IA82 and D1701, respectively.The results of phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that there was a close relationship between ORFV-GZ strain and FJ-GT.Prediction of the secondary structure of F1L indicated that the alpha helix and random coil took a higher percentage.The F1L protein was supposed contain 7 potential antigen epitopes, and two transmembrane domains, no signal peptide found.These results provided a theoretical basis for immunologic diagnosis and further research of nucleic acid vaccine of ORFV.

The complete sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase subunitⅠ(cox1) gene and the partial sequences of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene of three cysticercus cellulosae samples isolated from Xichang were amplified by PCR, and sequenced to analyze their genetic variations, NJ trees were reconstructed using the Mega version 5.0 software.The results showed that the complete sequence of cox1 gene and partial sequence of nad1 gene of cysticercus cellulosae were 1 620 and 796 bp, respectively.There were some genetic variations in cox1 and nad1 genes within cysticercus cellulosae, the level of variation was higher in the cox1 gene than in the nad1 gene.The phylogenetic trees showed that all the cysticercus cellulosae isolates were formed a single cluster, and the three Xichang isolates belonged to Asian genotype.The results indicated that cox1 and nad1 genes could be used in molecular classification of Taenia solium, and established the foundation for molecular diagnosis of taeniasis/cysticercosis.

To investigate the diversity of bacterial community structure in soil sample of 8 duck farms in Sansui Guizhou province, total DNA of the samples were extracted with kit, the bacterial 16S rDNA V3 variable sequence was amplified by PCR, the amplified sequence were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) technique, 43 bands were showed, number 7, 8 were relatively small.The DGGE fingerprint was analyzed by software Quantity One, and showed that the same duck farm similarities existed difference, while the similarity were higher than 50% of the majority.Results showed that the similarities between the sequences and sequences in GenBank were 90% to 100%, including α-Proteobacteria, β-Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes.

This study was aimed to explore the effect on average daily weight gain and growth factor levels in the serum of Holstein bull calf after injecting umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs).28 Holstein bull calves were selected with conditions of be born for about one month and similar weight, then they were divided into control and experimental groups.The test collected healthy fresh Holstein cow fetal umbilical cord organization, purificated and cultivated UC-MSCs in vitro by the method of pancreatic enzyme digestion.Calves of experimental group was injected in jugular vein with the successful UC-MSCs which diluted to 8 mL (3×10⁵ cells/kg), the control group was injected with saline.The test lasted for 154 d.The results showed that after injecting UC-MSCs, the average weight of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in 4, 5 and 6 months (P< 0.05), the average daily gain of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in 3 and 4 months (P< 0.05), while the difference was very significant in 6 months (P< 0.01).Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) level of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in 4 months (P< 0.05).Serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-α) levels of experimental group were significantly higher than that of control group in 3 months (P< 0.05).Serum VEGF, bFGF, TGF-α levels of experimental group were significantly or very significantly higher than that of control group (P< 0.05;P< 0.01).Serum BMP-7 level of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group in 2, 3, 4 and 6 months (P< 0.05).In conclusion, UC-MSCs transplantation significantly improved male calf serum IGF-1, VEGF, TGF-α and bFGF levels, these growth factors and male calf serum in the growth and development were closely related, and then influence the growth performance.

Betaine is a nutritional feed additive acting as a methyl donor involved in the methionine cycle.Recently, studies have found that betaine may improve the reproductive performance of livestock and poultry, mainly through decreasing homocysteine concentration and increasing the reproductive-related hormones.It also has effects on regulation of energy metabolism and anti-stress.This article will review the effect of betaine on reproductive performance of livestock and poultry and its mechanism.

The study was aimed to explore different varieties of geese's muscle fibers characteristic by measuring diameter, cross-sectional area and density of muscle fibers of Huoyan geese, Wanxi White geese and Zhedong White geese.The results showed that diameter, cross-sectional area of pectoral muscle fiber in Huoyan geese was significantly greater than others (P< 0.05), while density of the muscle fiber showed the opposite trend.In diameter and cross-sectional area of leg muscle fiber, Huoyan geese was greater than Wanxi White geese (P< 0.05), but the former was less than the latter in the aspect of muscle fiber density (P< 0.05).Some indicators were also significantly different between the varieties of sex mainly in cross-sectional area and diameter muscle fiber of Wanxi White geese and Zhedong White geese.Correlation analysis showed the diameter and cross-sectional area of muscle fiber was significantly positive correlation (P< 0.01), what's more, the relationship of muscle fiber diameter, cross-sectional area and density was significant negatively correlated (P< 0.01).In conclusion, there were differences between the characteristics of different varieties of muscle fibers, among the same breed, differences also existed between the genders.

The study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with different proportion of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis on nitrogen use and plasma biochemical parameters of Partridge shank chickens.Six hundred of Partridge shank chickens were randomly allocated into six groups with four replicates of 25 each.The control group was fed a basal diet, groups Ⅰ to Ⅴ were fed the basal diet supplemented with different proportion of Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, the proportion of each group were 0.5%:0.5%, 0.33%:0.66%, 0.25%:0.75%, 0.66%:0.33%, 0.75%:0.25%.The trial lasted for 56 days.The results showed that compared with the other groups, the plasma ammonia content and xanthine oxidase activity in group Ⅳ were significantly decreased (P< 0.05).Compared with the control group, the plasma uric acid contents in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), the plasma urea and intestinal urea nitrogen content in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅴ was significantly decreased (P< 0.05), the plasma albumin content and A/G in group Ⅳ were significantly decreased (P< 0.05), while the globulin content was significantly increased (P< 0.05).There were no significant differences in plasma total protein content and aspartate aminotransferase and alanine amiotransferase activity among all groups (P >0.05).In conclusion, dietary supplementation Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis with the dose of 0.66%:0.33% could significantly improve the efficient of nitrogen use and plasma biochemical parameters.

The test obtained feed products made with detoxified cottonseed cake using solid fermentation method, then the physical properties of the feed products were observed with sensory evaluation method, the gossypol content was determined with national standard method, the crude protein content was determined with Kjeldahl method, and then the effect of practical application of the feed products was verified in the process of ducks feeding.The results showed that it only took 15 d to debase free gossypol to less than 10 mg/kg, and to increase content of crude protein to 4.35%.Compared with the original cake, the color of the cottonseed cake feed was lighter in color, soft texture, with smaller hardness, no lumps, no smell, conforms to the safety standard.It was shown in ducks feeding experiment that compared with the ducks in control group, no abnormal situation of growth, organ development, blood parameters and utilization of feed nutrients of the ducks in test groups was found, which fed cottonseed cake fermentation detoxification feed prepared in the laboratory instead of conventional feed.So it could be speculated that no gossypol poisoning phenomenon was found in the ducks in test groups.In other words, the gossypol content of cottonseed cake feed after detoxification complianced with feed safety standards, and detoxification purposes was achieved.

In order to investigate the effect of supplementary feeding on meat yield and quality of yak, the weight of 8 cuts and quality parameters of 3 cuts including chuck tender, ribeye and striploin of the yaks assigned into 2 groups with or without supplementary feeding were determined.The results showed that the meat yield of superior cuts could be significantly (P< 0.05) increased by supplementary feeding such as ribeye and tenderloin with increasing range of 80% and 100%, respectively.The technological parameters of chuck tender, ribeye and striploin were influenced by supplementary feeding with decreased water holding capacity and significantly improved tenderness.The supplementary feeding had no significant effects on meat colour of yak (P >0.05).There were no significant effects of supplementary feeding on protein content of chuck tender, ribeye and striploin of yak (P >0.05).Supplementary feeding significantly increased fat content and decreased moisture of chuck tender (P< 0.05).The results indicated that supplementary feeding could raise production of superior cuts of yak and improve quality of yak beef.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the meat quality and the volatile flavor of hens of the Wenshang Barred hens and Jining Bairi hens of age at the first egg.Two hundred 1-day-old Wenshang Barred hens and Jining Bairi hens were selected, divided into 4 replicates with 50 hens per replicate, and raised same nutrition level and in the identical management mode. At the age of 150 days, 4 hens per replicate were randomly selected, slaughtered and their muscle samples were collected to determine meat quality and flavor concentration.The results showed that the inosinic acid content in chest muscle of Wenshang Barred hens and Jining Bairi hens were significantly higher than that in leg muscle (P<0.05).The amino acid composition of EAA/TAA in Wenshang Barred hens' and Jining Bairi hens' legs and chest were around 40% and EAA/NEAA were over 65%.For the essential amino acid scores, the threonine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and other essential amino acids of legs, chest muscle of both varieties were both higher than the ideal score.It meant the two varieties had excellent protein levels and high nutritional value.20 kinds of fatty acids were detected in Wenshang Barred hens' and Jining Bairi hens' leg muscle, of which the chest contains 17 kinds of fatty acids.Jining Bairi hens' polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was significantly higher than that of Wenshang Barred hens (P<0.05), while the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was significantly lower than Wenshang Barred hens (P<0.05).The results showed that the nutritional value of Jining Bairi hens than Wenshang Barred hens', but easy to rancidity deterioration on the meat quality.Wenshang Barred hens and Jining Bairi hens's legs, chest, in the volatile flavor composition difference were bigger, and in alkane compounds, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones.It was concluded that 150 days of age Wenshang Barred hens and Jining Bairi hens with high nutritional value and delicious flavor.

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of visfatin on the morphological structure and MPO in liver of LPS-induced rats.24 8-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups including saline group, visfatin group, LPS group and visfatin+LPS group.Wistar rats in saline group and LPS group were both received NaCl solution injection each day, Wistar rats in visfatin group and visfatin+LPS group were both received the injection of visfatin each day.One week later, LPS was injected into Wistar rats in LPS group and visfatin+LPS group.All the Wistar rats were sacrificed 6 h after the injection of LPS.HE and immunohistochemical methods were used to observe the morphological structure and MPO in liver of each group.The present study showed that the macrophage increased and the expression level of MPO reduced significantly in visfatin group than saline group (P< 0.05).Compared with LPS group, in vifatin+LPS group, morphological of hepatocytes became disorder, the infiltration of inflammatory cells became more clear, the expression level of MPO reduced significantly (P< 0.05).The results suggested that visfatin could increase the number of macrophage and had a remarkable effect on MPO level in liver.

In use of hair follicles in skin tissue of fine-wool sheep with different fiber diameters as experimental material, and different extraction methods, IPG strips with different pH and different sample volume as experimental methods, this paper was aimed to explore two-dimensional electrophoresis system applied to skin tissue of the fine-wool sheep and establish 2-DE gel map of skin tissue in fine-wool sheep.Gel maps using ImageMaster 2D Platinum software automatically detected protein points to compare different protein fiber diameter of fine-wool sheep differences.The results showed that the TCA/acetone extraction method was most suited to fine-wool sheep hair follicle tissue extraction of total protein.Choose to 18 cm, pH 4 to 7 linear IPG strip, we got better quality two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, got 35 protein variations among the different cantons for the follow-up work fine-wool sheep with high quality of the study of proteomics.

In order to study the immunoenhancement effects of sodium houttuyfonate (SH) on chickens vaccinated with ND vaccine, 160 healthy 7-day-old non-immune chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely control group and three dose groups (low-dose group, middle-dose group and high-dose group).All chickens were immunized with NDV La Sota live vaccine at day 7 for the first time, and were strengthened two weeks after that for the second time.At the same day of the second vaccination, chickens of the dose groups were respectively received oral doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg SH for 7 consecutive days, chickens of control group were received equal amount of physiological saline.On days 14, 21, 28 and 35 after the first vaccination, eight chickens were randomly sampled from each group for determination of the indexes of immune organs, cytokines and antibody titers.The results showed that SH could enhance the indexes of immune organs, cytokines and antibody titers of the chickens in different degrees, especially at the dose of 100 mg/kg.

The anti-bacterial mechanism of Anji white tea against Flavobacterium columnaris was investigated by determining the changes in electric conductivity rate and UV-absorbing compounds of bacterial culture medium treated by the extraction of Anji white tea.The changes in phosphorous metabolism and soluble sugar concentration of bacteria were also detected.Results showed that the electric conductivity rate and soluble sugar concentration of microbial broth increased.The bacterial suspension of UV-absorbing compounds also increased with time prolonged.These results indicated that the extraction from Anji white tea could damage the structure of cell membrane, which resulted in the increasing of permeability of cell membrane and release of intracellular components.Besides, the consumption of phosphorous decreased after treated with extraction of Anji white tea, which seriously influenced the synthesis of important cell components, such as nucleic acid and phospholipid, the energy metabolism was inhibited and finally led to the loss of normal physiological function of bacterium.The study indicated that Anji white tea inhibited Flavobacterium columnaris growth by damaging the structure of cell membrane and interrupting bacteria phosphorous metabolism.

Ractopamine (RAC) was an important β-adrenergic agonist, and many analytical methods were developed for the determination of it in animal-origin food in recent years, which may be implemented the effective monitoring the abuse of RAC.In this paper, its basic physicochemical properties and function mechanism were described in detail.Detection method of RAC in biological samples at home and abroad was further discusses, including instrumental analysis and immunoassay, and merits and drawbacks of these assay.Moreover, the direction of development of RAC analysis was explored in this paper.

Growth hormone has an important role in animal's growth and development.Growth hormone promotes cell activation, cell proliferation and differentiation and survival of stem cells directly or indirectly through the induction of IGF-1.Growth hormone initiates a series of signaling pathways via the cell membrane receptor.This article is a brief overview of the role and function of growth hormone on cell growth.

Copy number variation (CNV) is widespread in human and animal genomes and is a significant source of genetic variation.In this study, we investigated genome-wide characteristics of CNVs in 2 Mongolia horses and 1 Thoroughbredby using the comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array method.In total, 210 CNVs were indentified ranging in size from 6 109 bp to 571.87 kb, with an average size of 37.81 kb and a median size of 14.45 kb.By merging overlapping CNVs, we found a total of seventy CNV regions (CNVRs).The length of the CNVRs ranged from 6 151 bp to 573.59 kb with average and median sizes of 38.93 and 14.45 kb and the summary size of CNVRs was 6.19 Mb.CNV gene annotated and functional analysed indicated that the most gene involved olfactory receptor activity, sensory perception of smell, sensory perception of chemical stimulus, sensory perception, cognition and olfactory transduction.To comfirm these findings, quantitave PCR (qPCR) was performed for 5 CNVRs, and found 83.33% of the qPCR results were consistent with the CGH chip.We performed the genome-wide detection of copy number variations in Mongolia horses, and which indicated that CNV was ubiquitous in the horse genome.This research provided foundation for studying the association between the horse CNV and important biological traits.

The present study was designed to investigate the traits of economic importance of molecular genetic features of functional genes, to evaluate the genetic relationship in fine-wool sheep, to provide molecular genetic basis for efficient breeding of sheep breeds, and to effeciently conserve and utilize the germplasm resources.PCR-SSCP, DNA sequencing and bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the association of KRT26 with the wool fineness in 289 fine-wool sheep.The results showed that in fine-wool sheep population, there were three genotypes and the genotypic frequencies of AA, AB, BB were 0.221, 0.426 and 0.353, respectively.The gene frequencies of allele A and B were 0.434 and 0.566, respectively, which was intermediate polymorphism with the polymorphic information content of 0.371 and was not in the agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P< 0.05).Applying BioEdit and Chromas software, five novel SNPs of KRT26 gene were genetyped, which were 83 bp(G/C), 86 bp (T/C), 112 bp (C/T), 140 bp (G/A) and 247 bp (C/T), respectively.Moreover, two novel SNPs were missense which resulted in change in amino acid (SNP 140G/A lead to Val/Ile and SNP 247C/T lead to Asn/Lys).The association of SNPs with wool fineness trait showed that the wool fineness with AA genotype were extremely significant higher than that with AB and BB genotypes (P<0.01).The results implied that the KRT26 gene might be one of important candidate molecular markers associated with the wool fineness trait.

The purpose of this study was to model genetic and phenotypic variation of Corriedale sheep and provide reliable basis for selecting breed.Data set of 3 332 body weight records from 1 269 Corriedale sheep was used to estimate genetic, environmental, and phenotypic covariance function by random regression model (RRM), the independent variables were Legendre polynomial of age at recording.Orders of fit from 2 to 5 for maternal environmental effects were considered, and full order of fit for additive genetive effects.The best order of fit was tested by log likelihoods, Akaike and Bayesian-Schwarz's information criteria.The average information restricted maximum likelihood method (AIREML) was used to estimate covariances between the regression coefficients.The results showed that when 4-order maternal environmental effects fitted, covariance figures were more in line with the change of the growth of animal, the less number of parameters involved.The greater genetic and phenotypic variation were showed before and after 6 months.These results suggested the Corriedale sheep growth was adequatedly described using RRM despite the limited data.

In order to explore the role of ADAMTS1 gene in sheep breeding, in this study, Guizhou semifine-wool sheep were used to construct DNA pools.The complete sequences of the 1th, 2th, 5-7th and 9th exons and part of introns in ADAMTS1 were obtained by designing specific primers to study the genetic polymorphism of ADAMTS1 gene.The results showed that one SNP (A255C) was found in exon 6, and four (A127G, G243T, G303T, A401G) SNPs were found in exon 9. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the polymorphisms led to the changes of RNA secondary structure and protein structure.ADAMTS1 gene might affect reproductive performance of Guizhou semifine-wool sheep.

The objective of this study was to carry out genetic evaluation of litter size in Inner Mongolia White Cashmere goat, and further to improve its performance of reproductive.Data used were 1998 to 2013 reproductive performance records collected from the Arbas stock farm in Inner Mongolia, China.Genera Linear Model of SAS was exploited to determine the fixed effects that affect litter size.Meanwhile, heritability of litter size was estimated by using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method in a repeatability animal model where the addictive effect of individual and the permanent environmental effect of dam were considered as random effects.The results showed that age of dam and year of lambing had significant (P< 0.01) effect on litter size as well as herd (P< 0.05), other factors had no significant effects on litter size (P >0.05).A low to moderate heritability of 0.13, indicated that based on phenotypic selection directly, litter size genetic progress might be a little bit slow.

Mitochondrial genome variations of Small-tailed Han sheep were analyzed through sequencing of DNA pooling and genome scanning in this experiment.The results showed that the regions coding for protein-tRNA-rRNA contained 95 variated sites, 83 mutations were found in coding for 12 polypeptides regions excepted ATPase8 gene, 19 missense mutations included T3544A, T4209C, C7501A, A8040G, G8265C, A9376G, C9975T, G10119A, G10938A, G11046A, G12571C, G13041A, C13576T, T13588C, C13777T, C13789T, T13837C, T13855C and A13876G, 3 variations (T281C, C291T and A538G) were in 12S rRNA gene, and 5 substituted sites (A1099T, T1112C, T2200C, C2444T and T2635C) were in 16S rRNA gene.The tRNA gene contained 4 mutations included G5295A in tRNA-Tyr, T7720G in tRNA-Lys, C11607T in tRNA-His, G11669A in tRNA-Ser.Therefore, polymorphism of mtDNA regions coding for protein-tRNA-rRNA was abundant in Small-tailed Han sheep, and the results provided molecular biological foundation for study on extracellular heredity effects.

In order to investigate the biological characteristics and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria isolated from common carp, strain CS126 was obtained from diseased carp(Cyprinus carpio).Its identification and drug susceptibility were studied in this experiment.The results showed that strain CS126 was gram-negative bacteria, it did not produce indoles, had no ability of mobility, decomposed galactose and mannitol, VP reaction, lysine decarboxylase and glucose oxidase was negative, esculin was positive.The results also showed that the length of 16 rDNA gene was 1 459 bp, the submission number of GenBank was KJ942580.It had 100% similarity with Aeromonas salmonicida from GenBank, genetic evolutionary tree displayed the isolated strain and A.salmonicida subsp.salmonicida belong to a clade.It was identified as A.salmonicida subsp.salmonicida.This strain was highly sensitive to eight drugs, such as rocephin, norfloxacin, florfenicol, and so on, but it was resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, trimethoprim and sulfafurazole.It will offer references for rapid identification of Aeromonas salmonicida and treatment of fish disease.

The homology of PRRSV strain and China hp-PRRSV strain in some place was extremely high, in order to select the suitable vaccine for the region's disease and guide farmers to raise pigs, we selected the vaccines of hp-PRRS attenuated live vaccine (JXA1-R strain) and PRRS attenuated live vaccine (VR-2332 strain) as vaccine candidates, and selected 30 piglets, which was 30 d of age, good health, small group differences of weaned, randomly divided them into A, B and C groups, each group of 10 piglets.Group A was injected with hp-PRRS attenuated live vaccine (JXA1-R strain), group B was injected with PRRS attenuated live vaccine (VR-2332 strain), group C, the control group, was injected with saline as same measure as groups A and B.We collected blood before immune, and 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 d after immune, analyzed the immune response of two vaccines in this report by the method of determination of lymphocyte numbers, detection of virus nucleic acid and detection of antibody.The results showed that 42 d after immune, the lymphocyte numbers of A and B groups rose, and group A was 19.3×10⁹/L, group B was 16.7×10⁹/L, group C had been at the original level.Antibody positive aspects, 14 d after immune, group A was 80%, while group B was 60%, group C was 0;42 d, group A was 100%, while group B was 80%, group C was 0.The positive aspects of viral nucleic acid, 14 d after immune, group A as 90%, while group B was 100%, group C was 0;42 d, group A was 40%, group B was 70%, group C was 0;70 d, group A was 0, group B was 20%, group C was 0.Therefore, hp-PRRS attenuated live vaccine (JXA1-R strain) could induce quick immune response, immune antibodies, duration for long time, high titer, good stability, and existence time of attenuated vaccine poison in the body was short, time was fast, high security, immune to pigs in some place had superior effect.

In order to report the detection and main biological characteristics of pathogenic bacteria isolated from wild takin in the process of the natural survival, four strains of the predominant bacteria from pathologic tissues of dead takin's livers, spleens and lungs were examined and isolated.The detections of biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene were conducted.The strains were isolated and identified as K.pneumoniae.The four isolates had pathogenicity to mice.LD₅₀ of the four isolates were 2.9×10⁷, 2.9×10⁷, 4.5×10⁷ and 1.1×10⁸ CFU, respectively.The antibiotic sensitivity test revealed that the strains were sensitive to cephalothin and so on, moderate sensitive to amikacin and so on, and resistant to erythrocin and so on.The four strains of K.pneumoniae were the primary bacterial pathogen leading to the death of takin.

The assay was aimed to establish and verify the sterility test for cloxacillin benzathine intramammary infusion. Centrifugation-membrane filtration-enzyme neutralization method were used and verified on the basis of the appendix to Veterinary Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2010 edition). The results showed that the antibacterial activity of various strains could be eliminated with centrifugation-membrane filtration-enzyme neutralization method which needed at least 3 million units penicillinase and 400 mL 0.5% polysorbate-80 sodium chloride (pH 7.0)-peptone buffer solution as flushing fluid. In validation test, all the test strains grew well and bacteria was not found in the tube of test sample. The results showed that centrifugation-membrane filtration-enzyme neutralization method was an accurate and reliable method, and could be used for sterility test of cloxacillin benzathine intramammary infusion.

The study was aimed to determine the cause of death of a domesticated ornamental Astronotus ocellatus and screen sensitive drugs via isolation and identification of related bacteria.First, the bacteria were isolated and purified by conventional methods for observation of bacterial morphology.Then, identification and drug resistance analysis were performed through methods of pathogenicity test on mice, bacteria biochemical identification, 16S rDNA sequencing and analysis, drug susceptibility test and resistance gene detection.Three Gram-negative short bacilli were isolated and identified, according to their morphological characteristics and physical and chemical characteristics as well as the results of 16S rDNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, as Klebslella pneumoniae, Aeromonas veronii and Serratia marcescens.Among them, Klebsiella pneumoniae had strong pathogenicity.The three bacteria were sensitive to lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, amikacin, kanamycin, but had a strong resistance to amoxicillin, florfenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole.A mixed infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas veronii and Serratia marcescens was the cause of death of domesticated ornamental Astronotus ocellatus.

In order to determine the reason of gibbon's death in a safari park of Guizhou province, the infected gibbons from this safari park were detected using epidemiological survey, autopsy pathological observation, anatomic pathological diagnosis and RT-PCR method.The results showed that from epidemiological survey and autopsy pathological observation, we primarily diagnosed that the gibbons were suspectedly infected by influenza virus, Mycoplasma and bacteria.The RT-PCR/PCR results confirmed that the gibbons were mixed infected by influenza virus and Mycoplasma, and the bacterium was confirmed as Pasteurella multocida by bacteria culture and isolation, biochemical character identification and animal pathogenicity test.All above test results showed that mixed infection of influenza virus, Mycoplasma and Pasteurella multocida were the cause of the gibbon's death in this safari park.According to the results of diagnosis and drug sensitivity test, we made the immune prevention and treatment measures.

Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (MDA5) was a nucleic acid receptor in the cytoplasm, in combination with pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which specifically recognized a long double-stranded RNA, function was similar with retinoic acid-inducude gene Ⅰ (RIG-Ⅰ), after CARD-CARD interaction, it was combinated with the adaptor protein MAVS (also called VISA, Cardif or IPS-1), the interaction might result in the reposition of RLRs in intima, one side it recruited TRAF2/TRAF6 to activate IKK kinase complexes, thereby activating the transcription factor NF-κB; on the other side it recruited TRAF3 and TBK1, thereby promoting phosphorylated activation of IRF3, after activations of the transcription factor NF-κB and IRF, they would enter the nucleus, and work together to promote the expression of type Ⅰ interferon gene.

Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens of a number of extra-intestinal diseases in the poultry industry, including airsacculitis, pericarditis, perihepatitis, cellulitis and septicemia. Various types of vaccine have been tested over the past few decades for control of avian colibacillosis. Unfortunately, vaccines used in poultry production make the slow progress of the researches, to date, as APECs are serotypically diverse with vaccines failing to cross-protection against heterologous challenge. Herein, we review the different categories of APEC vaccines that have been tested and provide an insight into the future of APEC vaccines.