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Table of Content

20 October 2013, Volume 40 Issue 10
Study on Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein -3 and -5 (IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5) in the Skin of Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat
YU Xin-lei, CAI Ting, JU Hong-li, YANG Hui-ru, XIAO Hong-mei, LIU Zhi-hong, WANG Quan-xi, WANG Zhi-xin, LI Jin-quan
2013, 40(10):  1-5. 
Abstract ( 336 )  
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This experiment was conducted to study the expression effect of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein(IGFBP) of Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat skin in different developmental stage. The expression of IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6 in different developmental stage of hair follicle cycle was measured by Real-time PCR. Furthermore, the hair growth cycle was changed by implanting melatonin to identify the role of IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6 gene, the high expression of the binding protein. The results showed that IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 both were expressed in different developmental stage of hair follicle cycle, however, the expression of IGFBP-5 gene presented more regular. The results indicated that IGFBP-5 might be a major regulatory factor in the process of hair follicle development of Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat.
Activity and mRNA Expression of Cyclic Nucleotide-specific Phosphodiesterase in the Lung of Porcine Infected with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
ZHANG Qian, LI Jia, SUN Sheng-yong, JIANG Dai-xun, CHEN Wu
2013, 40(10):  6-10. 
Abstract ( 214 )  
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The objective of this paper was to study the activity and expression change of cAMP-PDE in lung of porcine infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) through the examination of PDE activity and gene expression,and provided data for the application of PDE inhibitors basis.Acquisition lung of porcine infected with PRRSV,cAMP-PDE activity was calculated by cyclic nucleotides content change examined with HPLC before and after the PDE reaction,and cAMP-PDE mRNA expression was detected by Real-time PCR. The results showed that the activity of cAMP-PDE extracted from lung of PRRS group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05), and in addition to PDE4A, mRNA expression of PDE4B, PDE4C, PDE4D, PDE7A, PDE7B, PDE8A and PDE8B were higher than that of the control group.Those results indicated that there were some abnormal changes of cAMP-PDE in the inflammation progress of lungs infected by PRRSV,and suggested that specific inhibitor of the cAMP-PDE might ease the inflammation injury in lung of porcine infected with PRRSV.
Dynamic Study of Cytokines in BALB/c Mice Infected with Swine Influenza Virus A/swine/Guangdong/2/2012 (H1N1) Strain
LIN Wen, LV Yan-li, HUANG Liang-zong, LIU Yuan-jia, TANG Zhi-ling, YU Shao-hua, LIU Ming-jie, LUO Man-lin, GU Wan-jun
2013, 40(10):  11-16. 
Abstract ( 277 )  
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To determine the pathogenicity of the H1N1 swine influenza virus (SIV) to mouse, the HA gene of A/swine/Guangdong/2/2012(H1N1) SIV was cloned,and then genetic analysis was made. The allantoic fluid containing SIV was given to BALB/c mouse that was 6 to 8 months old by nasal infection. General condition, viscera index and histopathological changes of mice were observed and the expression level of 7 kinds of cytokines in the lung, spleen and brain of mice were determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR method at 1,3 and 7 d after infection to determine the pathogenicity. The results revealed that the virus in this study was found to be classical SIV for that it could cause the decline of the activity and feed intake in mice,but no cough and death were showed. Obvious increase was showed in lung interval than the normal tissue. Expansion of congestion was showed in blood capillary, compensatory emphysema could be seen in the surrounding alveolar cavity as well. In the third day after infection,the content of mRNA of cytokines IFN-α,IFN-β,IP-10,IL-1β,TNF-α,IRF-3 and IL-10 showed obvious rising trends while cytokines IL-1β and IL-10 in brain showed the same trend at the third and seventh day after infection.
Preparation of Uni-factor Serum against Penton Protein of Group Ⅱ Avian Adenovirus
LIU Xue-mei, QIN Jian-ru, LI Yu-hao, CAO Wei-sheng
2013, 40(10):  16-20. 
Abstract ( 258 )  
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A pair of primers was designed based on the genome sequence of hemorrhagic enteritis virus VAS strain, the complete gene of penton with a size of 1347 bp was amplified by PCR, and then cloned into plasmid expression vector pET-32a (+), the obtained positive clone was named pET-32a-penton. The pET-32a-penton was transformed into E.coli BL21, after inducing expression and purification of the protein in gel slices, about 70 ku recombinant fusion protein was obtained and used to immunize New Zealand White rabbits to prepare uni-factor serum against penton protein. Indirect ELISA was used to detect the antibody titer. The results showed that the antisera titer was greater than 1:40000. The method to get the efficient uni-factor serum was simple and low-cost, which laid a foudation for detection of group Ⅱ avian adenovirus.
Effect of Two Diets on the Expression Levels of Lipid Synthesis Metabolism Related Genes in Adipose Tissue of Wujin Pigs with Different Growth Stage
HUANG Ying, LI Yong-neng, YANG Ming-hua, PAN Hong-bin, ZHAO Su-mei, GAO Shi-zheng
2013, 40(10):  21-25. 
Abstract ( 198 )  
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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of different diets on expression levels of lipid synthesis metabolism related genes in Wujin pigs. Thirty-six Wujin pigs with the body weights of 23 kg (female and male half and half) were randomly assigned into two groups with three replicates per group and six heads in each replicate. The treatment 1 group was fed with the Wujin diet, and the treatment 2 group was fed with the NRC diet. At the body weight of 30, 60 and 100 kg, pigs were slaughtered and adipose tissue samples were taken for analyzing the expression levels of three lipid metabolism genes using Real-time PCR technology. The results showed that at the body weight of 30 kg, the expression levels of FAS gene in treatment 1 group were dramatically lower than that in the treatment 2 group (P<0.05). At the body weights of 60 and 100 kg, the expression levels of FAS gene in treatment 1 group were higher than that in the treatment 2 group, but it was significantly different at the body weight of 60 kg (P<0.05). At the body weights of 30, 60 and 100 kg, the expression levels of SREBP-1c gene in treatment 1 group were higher than the treatment 2 group, but the difference was significant at the body weights of 30 and 60 kg (P<0.05). At the body weights of 30, 60 and 100 kg, the expression levels of DGAT-1 gene in treatment 1 group were lower than the treatment 2 group, but the difference was significant at the body weight of 100 kg (P<0.05).The results indicated that the diets could differently regulate the expression of lipid synthesis metabolism related genes in porcines with various body weights.
Isolation, Identification and ORF5/Nsp2 Genes Genetic Diversity Analysis of 15 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Isolates from Shandong, Henan and Hebei Areas During 2006 to 2012
TANG Na, GUAN Yu, WEI Feng, WANG Jin-liang, QU Guang-gang, XIAO Yue-qiang, LI Feng, XIE Jin-wen, ZHANG Song-lin, ZHANG Qian, YU Xin-you, SHEN Zhi-qiang, LIU Zeng-shan
2013, 40(10):  26-32. 
Abstract ( 307 )  
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To study the genetic variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)in Shandong, Henan and Hebei province of China, 42 samples from pig farms in three provinces were isolated and identified during 2006 to 2012. 15 PRRSV isolates were successfully isolated, identified by PCR and biological characteristics were studied. The complete ORF5 and partial Nsp2 genes of 15 isolates were amplified and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences were blasted with deduced sequences of 68 ORF5 genes and 40 Nsp2 genes in GenBank. The analysis showed that all 15 isolates belonged to American groups, 13 of them presented discontinuous amino acid deletions in Nsp2, and the homology of ORF5 deduced amino acid sequences with JXA1 were from 95.5% to 97.5%. Besides, isolate SDDY2007 showed higher similarity to vaccine strain RespPRRSV MLV(98.5%), which was located in America subgroupⅡ. A more interesting thing was that, though Nsp2 sequence of HN25-2009 contained 30 amino acids deletion, its deduced amino acid sequences showed higher similarity to VR2332(97.5%). In short, highly pathogenic PRRSV was the dominant PRRSV in Shandong, Henan and Hebei during 2006 to 2012. Although there were some genetic variations among PRRSV isolates in three provinces, no obvious regional characteristics could be found.
Cloning and Prokaryotic Expression of VP3 Gene of Duck Hepatitis Virus Ⅰ
LI Lu, CHENG Ying-jie, LI Chuan-feng, CHEN Zong-yan, MENG Chun-chun, HE Hou-jun, LIU Guang-qing
2013, 40(10):  33-37. 
Abstract ( 231 )  
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The VP3 gene of duck hepatitis virus type 1 (DHV-1) was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), compared with the reference sequences and analyzed genetically using DNAStar software. The acquired VP3 gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET32a(+). The resultant pET-VP3 was transformed into E.coli Rosetta(DE3) cell and induced with 1mM IPTG. The expression product was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that the VP3 gene was successfully cloned with 711bp in length. Sequences analysis results indicated that the VP3 gene of DHV-1 ZJ-V strain has a higher sequence identify with the other DHV genotype A isolates ranging from 95.1% to 97.7%, a lower sequence identify with the other DHV genotype C isolates ranging from 71.3% to 72.6%, and the lowest sequence identify with the other DHV genotype B isolates ranging from 70.3% to 70.5%. the results of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed that the recombinant VP3 protein with a relative molecular mass of 47ku, can be expressed in the E.coli Rosetta(DE3) cell and recognized by positive serum against DHV-I ZJ-V strain, showing good immunogenicity.
Rescue of Genotype Ⅲ Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain JS/7/05/Ch
SONG Qing-qing, ZHU Jie, DING Ping-yun, DUAN Zhi-qiang, TU Jie, LIU Xiao-wen, LIU Xiu-fan
2013, 40(10):  37-41. 
Abstract ( 422 )  
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The genome of JS/7/05/Ch isolate shared more than 99% nucleotide identity with that of Mukteswar strain. However, the pathogenicity of JS/7/05/Ch was much stronger than that of Mukteswar strain. In order to provide a good foundation for the further related research, we built the rescue system of JS/7/05/Ch in this study. Based on the genomic sequence of JS/7/05/Ch strain, eight pairs of primers were designed to amplify the genomic fragments by RT-PCR and cloned into pCR2.1 vector, to construct the plasmid pJS/7/05/Ch which contained the full-length cDNA of NDV. Then the full-length cDNA was transferred to TVT7R(0.0) vector to construct full-length NDV infectious clone, pTVT/JS705, using specific enzymes. The infectious clone together with three helper plasmids (pCI-NP, pCI-P and pCI-L) were cotransfected into BSR-T7/5 cell, and the transfection supernatant was inoculated into SPF embryonated eggs to rescue the virus. The results of HA and RT-PCR indicated that JS/7/05/Ch strain of NDV was successfully rescued.
Clonging and Sequence Analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-associated Factor 6 Full-length cDNA from Common Carp
JIA Sheng-mei, SUN Zhen, FENG Xiang-ru, CHEN Yi-long, SHEN Xue-fei, ZHAI Xin-xin, ZHANG Jun-hui, YANG Zhen-guo, WANG Wen-dong, LU Qiang
2013, 40(10):  42-46. 
Abstract ( 201 )  
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The common carp tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) EST sequence was picked out from the cDNA library of peripheral blood leukocytes that was constructed. The cDNA library were separated from carp and stimulated with mitogen was screened by a probe labeled with DIG. The full-length TRAF6 cDNA was cloned from recombinant phages. Sequence analysis indicated that it encompasses with a 25 bp 5'-UTR and a 535 bp 3'-UTR,the open reading frame (ORF) of which was 1632 bp putatively coding 543 amino acids,and there were two motifs for mRNA instability ATTTA in the 3'-untranslated region. The predicted theoretical isoelectric point and molecular weight were 5.88 and 61.773 ku,respectively. Its nucleotide homology with carp TRAF6 from GenBank was up to 99%.The protein sequence analysis showed that it shared typical sequence features of the TRAF family.
Epidemiology Investigation of CMY-2-producing E.coli from Animals
GUO Yu-fang, ZHAO Qiu-yun, JIANG Rui, REN Jin-cheng, YANG Ling, ZHEN Pan-pan, TANG Dian, JIANG Hong-xia
2013, 40(10):  47-51. 
Abstract ( 231 )  
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To investigate the epidemiology of CMY-2-producing E.coli from different animals throughout Guangdong province, 1293 isolates from pig, chicken, duck and goose from 2010 to 2011 were recruited in this study. All the isolates were screened for blaCMY-2 gene by PCR and sequenced; the MICs of blaCMY-2-positive isolates to 17 kinds of antimicrobial drugs were tested by agar dilution; conjugation experiments were performed on blaCMY-2 harboring isolates to explore the transferability of blaCMY-2 gene to E.coli C600, and XbaⅠ-PFGE analysis were used to determine the transfer and spread manner of blaCMY-2 among E.coli isolates. The results showed that 27(2.09%)of 1293 isolates carried blaCMY-2,and were present multi-resistant phenotypes, in which the main one was AMP/CHL/TET/FLF/CTF/CTX/CAZ/CTR/GEN/CIP/ENR/NAL/OQX. The blaCMY-2 gene in 14 of 27 isolates transferred successfully to E.coli C600 by plasmids, and most of them co-transferred with blaTEM-1 and/or qnrS1. PFGE profiles showed that 17 different patterns were successfully got, and two from the same place were clonally related as well as another two isolates. CMY-2 encoding gene on a transferability plasmid or carried by other mobile element presumably was the major cause for the epidemiology of CMY-2-producing E.coli among food animals.
Research Progress on Lipocalin Protein Family in the Epididymis
GUO Li-na, ZHANG Rui-xin, CHENG Li-fen, CAO Ning-xian, REN You-she
2013, 40(10):  51-55. 
Abstract ( 221 )  
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The function of lipocalin protein family is very important. The secretion of the epididymis lipocalin (Lcn) protein family could be combined with a few small molecular ligands, the height of regional distribution, were involved in many biological control process. They played an important role in the process of sperm mature to provide a theoretical basis for the study of epididymal function. The author introduced structural characteristics of the Lcn, the expression and function of Lcn in epididymis,and related research progress.
Cloning and Bioinformatics Prediction of Small Heat Shock Protein cDNA in Hainan Black Goat
SHI Li-guang, CAO Ting, HOU Guan-yu, ZHOU Han-lin, HUANG Xian-zhou, XUN Wen-juan
2013, 40(10):  56-60. 
Abstract ( 225 )  
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RACE and RT-PCR were used to clone the full length of small heat shock protein 9 coding sequence from Hainan Black goat testis and the bioinformatics analysis was performed. The results showed that the full length of Hspb9 cDNA was 549 bp, including 471 bp in CDS which encoded a protein of 157 amino acids. The sequence was submitted to GenBank,Accession No. was JX088726. It had no trans-membrane region and signal peptide of the Hspb9 protein. There were several phosphpryiation sites in the sequence. The protein contained 15.28% of α-helix,30.57% of β-sheet, and 54.15% of coil. An ubiquitin domain (UBQ) was also predicted. The Clustel W alignment results showed that goat Hspb9 had a close relationship with sheep and cattle.
Prokaryotic Expression and Purification of Glycoprotein Gene of Rabies Virus
FU Hong-qing, YAO Zhi-lan, LU Jiang, LIU Jun-dong, JIA Hong
2013, 40(10):  61-64. 
Abstract ( 456 )  
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In order to improve the expression level of glycoprotein gene of rabies virus (RV) in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3), the optimal conditions for expression of RV G fusion protein (GST-RVG) were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, including different temperatures, different inducing times and concentrations of IPTG. The protein was purified by GST-resin affinity column. The results showed that the expression level of fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) at 30 ℃ for 6 h, and induced with 1 mmol/mL IPTG was highest.The fusion protein was about 36 ku,which was consistent with the expected. The result of Western blotting showed that the fusion protein had good immunogenicities and specificities. Optimizing the expression and purification of RV G fusion protein was benefit for developing sub-unit vaccine and neutralizing antibody of RV.
Preparation of the Polyclonal Antibody against Flavobacterium columnaris and Identification of its Immunological Properties
LV Na, ZHAO Guo-kun, SUN Qiang, ZHANG Hong-xi, YIN Xiao-ping, ZHANG Mao-lan, ZHANG Jie
2013, 40(10):  64-67. 
Abstract ( 249 )  
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To prepare the polyclonal antibody against Flavobacterium columnaris, New Zealand rabbits were immunized with particulate antigen. Antisera from the immunized rabbits were purified with caprylic/ammonium sulfate precipitation. Titers and cross reaction of the polyclonal antibody were determined by indirect ELISA. The results showed that the protein concentration of the polyclonal antibody was 29.28 mg/mL. The titer was over 1:6.4×104. No cross-reaction was observed with other aquatic pathogenic bacteria such as Edwardsiella tarda, E.coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi. High specific polyclonal antibody against Flavobacterium columnaris was prepared, which might be used for rapid detection of Flavobacterium columnaris.
Selection of Stable Reference Genes in Mice Incubated with LPS Stimulation
ZHOU Hong-miao, YUE Hua, TANG Cheng, WU Qiao
2013, 40(10):  68-72. 
Abstract ( 331 )  
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The aim of this study was to select ideal reference genes in mice incubated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. The mRNA expression of five reference genes of healthy mouse livers and 3, 6, 12, 18 h mouse livers incubated with LPS, named YWHAZ, HPRT1, PPIA, ACTB and 18S rRNA, were evaluated respectively, using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR). The geNorm software analysis showed that under the condition of LPS stimulation, 18S rRNA did not show stable expression; the other four reference genes showed expression stability, among which PPIA and YWHAZ were the most stable. The result in this study provided a reference for studying the expression of genes by qRT-PCR under the interaction between LPS and mice.
Prokaryotic Expression of Toxoplasma gondii Rop18 Gene and Immunogenicity Analysis of the Recombinant Protein
QU Dao-feng, HAN Jian-zhong, DU Ai-fang
2013, 40(10):  72-75. 
Abstract ( 253 )  
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In this study,the Rop18 gene of T.gondii was cloned and expressed in E.coli Top10, and the immunogenicity of the recombinant protein was analyzed. The coding region of Rop18 was amplified with PCR and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-30a. The recombinant plasmid were confirmed by PCR, enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing, which was then transformed into E.coli BL21 induced by IPTG.The expressed proteins were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Results indicated that the recombinant pET30a-Rop18 was correctly constructed.The results of SDS-PAGE and Western blotting revealed that the molecular weight of the recombinant protein was approximately 66.2 ku and could be recognized by rabbit antiserum against T.gondii.The results suggested that the Rop18 gene of T.gondii could be expressed in E.coli,and immunogenicity of the recombinant protein had been identifieded by Western blotting indicating that it might be used as vaccine candidate antigen in the future.
Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies against Bursin
DENG Shun-zhou, ZHENG Zhi-gang, ZHANG Wen-bo, XIE Xiao-fang, ZOU Liu, WU Xiang-dong, CHEN Nan-hui, HE Hou-jun, ZHU Zhi-xiu
2013, 40(10):  76-80. 
Abstract ( 257 )  
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In order to produce monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) against bursin, the artificial antigens of bursin (BSA-KHG-NH2and OVA-KHG-NH2) were prepared by EDC method, in which the amino group on -Lys of bursin molecules was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) or chicken ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. BALB/c mice were immunized four times by BSA-KHG-NH2, and eighteen hybridoms producing anti-bursin monoclonal antibodies were obtained by limited dilution. The binding of artificial antigen OVA-KHG-NH2 to the McAbs were competitively inhibited by free bursin(KHG-NH2) and GKHG-NH2peptide,respectively, but couldn't be inhibited by free KHGK peptide. These results indicated that the 18 McAbs specifically bonded to bursin molecules. An IC-ELISA method to detect bursin was developed using McAb 2D2, in which the detection limits was about 4 ng/mL and the linear range of the inhibition curve was about 4 to 500 ng/mL, the recovery rate of bursin in the samples ranged from 85.0% to 92.4%.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of HN Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus Tibet Isolates
ZHU Hong-yun, TIAN Guang-lou
2013, 40(10):  81-85. 
Abstract ( 276 )  
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To determine the structural characteristics and genetic correlation of NDV HN gene of Tibet,the NDV strains isolated from Tibet were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) in this test.The HN gene was purified and cloned into pMD18-T vector for sequencing.The results showed that the HN gene fragments consisted of 1734 bp coding for 577 amino acids which contained 5 glycosylationsites,the HN gene of XZ10 and XZ17 contained 12 cysteine residues,but XZ20 just contained 11 cysteine residues. Compared with the other Newcastle disease virus strains discovered,the nucleotide homology of HN gene was 81.1% to 93.0%,and amino acid homology was 81.1% to 93.6%.Compared with the current vaccine strains,the nucleotide homology was 87.8% to 98.7%,the amino acid homology was 88.0% to 98.9%.The phylogenetic analysis showed that Tibet NDV strains HN gene belonged to Ⅱ type.
Research Progress on the Structure and Function of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5
FU Zhi-ling, YANG Yan-hong, LI Wei, LAN Hai-nan, LIU Yu, GUO Feng, ZHAO Xue, ZHANG Hui, ZHENG Xin
2013, 40(10):  86-89. 
Abstract ( 232 )  
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Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) was an important signal transducer and activator of transcription, and could be activated by a plethora of cytokines and polypeptide hormones resulting in transcriptional activation of specific target genes. It participated in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of cell and played an important role in growth, hematopoiesis and immunological response. Furthermore, the activity of STAT5 was related to occurrence and development of tumor. This review summarized the structure and biological functions of STAT5.
Effects of Early Dietary Energy Restriction on Growth Performance, Slaughter Performance, Growth of Visceral Organs and Tibia Parameters of Broilers
WANG Wei, YANG Hai-ming, WANG Zhi-yue, ZHAO Feng-zhi, WANG Li-hong
2013, 40(10):  90-95. 
Abstract ( 373 )  
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This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of early dietary energy restriction on growth performance,slaughter performance and growth of visceral organs and tibia parameters of broilers. Three hundred 1-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) male broilers were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 5 replicates per group and 15 birds per replicate.Dietary energy of broilers from 1 to 21 d was restricted 0,5%,10% and 15% respectively from 8 to 14 d,and all other nutrients met the NRC (1994) requirement.On day 14 and 42 of the experiment,one bird of per replicate of each group was randomly selected to be slaughtered to determine slaughter performance,visceral organs and tibia parameters development. The results were as follows:①Feed intake of group 10% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups from 8 to 14 (P<0.05),and the body weight of group 10% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). Feed conversion ratio of group 15% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups (P<0.05). Feed intake of group 10% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups from 15 to 42 d (P<0.05),and the 42-day-old body weight of group 10% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups (P<0.05).②Early dietary energy restriction did not significantly affect the slaughter performance of 42-day-old broilers (P>0.05).③Early dietary energy restriction could improve the heart weight of broilers from 8 to 14 d,and the heart weight of group 10% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),the proventriculus weight of experimental groups were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The gizzard weight of group 10% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of other treatment groups (P<0.05).④The density of tibia of group 5% energy restriction was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05),and there were no significant differences between experimental groups and control group on the rest of tibia parameters (P>0.05). In conclusion,the optimum restriction level of dietary energy of broilers from 8 to 14 d was 10%.
Study on the Compound Probiotics Instead of Opening Antibiotics in Broilers
XIE Quan-xi, ZHANG Jian-mei, GU Wei
2013, 40(10):  96-100. 
Abstract ( 267 )  
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This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of compound probiotics and opening antibiotics on the immune function,intestinal microflora and serum biochemical index of broilers.180 one-day-old female broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 20 chickens per replicate. The chickens in control group (group Ⅰ)were only fed with a basal diet,group Ⅱ was the compound probiotics group,supplemented with 2.0‰ compound probiotics, group Ⅲ was the antibiotics group by adding monensin (90 g/t),colistin (30 g/t) and arsanilic acid (100 g/t). The experiment lasted for 14 days. The results showed as follows: ①At the age of 14 days,the spleen index and the bursa of Fabricius index in group Ⅱ were all significantly higher than those in control group and group Ⅲ(P<0.05). ②At the age of 7 days,the number of cecal E.coli in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.05). At the age of 14 days, the number of intestinal lactic acid bacteria in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.05). ③At the age of 14 days, the content of interleukin 2 in serum in group Ⅲ was significantly lower than those in group Ⅱ and control group(P<0.05), the content of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase was significantly higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05);and at the same age,the urea nitrogen content in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅲ(P<0.05). In conclusion,the supplementation of 2.0‰ compound probiotics could partially or completely replace opening antibiotics in broilers production.
Effect of Alfalfa Meal on Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidation of Meat Rabbits
CHEN Ji-hong, SUN Yu, WANG Yan-hua, WANG Cheng-zhang
2013, 40(10):  101-105. 
Abstract ( 219 )  
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The experiment was aimed to study the effects of alfalfa meal on lipid metabolism and antioxidization capacity. In the study, using randomized block experiment design, 120 rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups. Rabbits in the 6 groups were fed experimental diets containing 0, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% alfalfa meal,respectively. The experiment lasted for 45 days. The results showed that the concentration of triglyceride and total cholesterol of serum decreased with the amount of alfalfa meal increasing, except for group Ⅴ. With the increasing of alfalfa meal, the concentration of total cholesterol and triglyceride of liver and muscle decreased, however, there were no significant differences among the groups (P>0.05) in muscle total cholesterol content, except for group Ⅳ which was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). With the increasing of alfalfa meal, the activity of SOD and GSH-Px of serum, liver, and muscle were significantly increased (P<0.05), however, the concentration of malonaldehyde was significantly decreased (P<0.05). It indicated that the suitable content of alfalfa meal was 40% to 50%, which could reduce total cholesterol content of blood serum,liver and muscle,adjust the lipid metabolism and improve the oxidation resistance.
Effects of Electronic Feeding Station on Performance and Behavior of Growing Pigs
YU Shi-zheng, GU Xian-hong, HAO Yue
2013, 40(10):  106-111. 
Abstract ( 218 )  
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This experiment was conducted to study the effects of electronic feeding station on growth performance and behavior in growing pigs. One hundred and twenty-two Large White growing pigs with initial weight of 28.2 kg were randomly allotted into 3 groups, experiment group 1(general 15 head groups), experiment group 2(station 15 head group) and experiment group 3 (station 8 head group) by pens. The experiment 1 and 2 groups had 3 replications respectively, and experiment 3 had 4 replications. The pigs were stratified by sex. Feeding period was 44 days. Before the test, the accuracy of the station was evaluated. During the experiment, growing performance and skin lesion were tested, and pigs' behavior was recorded. The results showed that the accuracy of the station trough and weight weighing scale met its technical parameters. The performance of pigs had no significant difference in three groups(P>0.05). The coefficient of variation (CV) of experiment group 3 final weight decreased by 44.48%. The final weight, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of experiment group 1 were slightly higher than experiment group 2. The electronic feeding station highly significantly increased pigs' skin lesion(P<0.01). Experiment group 1 highly significantly increased the aggression behavior on 1st day (P<0.01), and highly significantly decreased the aggression behavior on 7th day (P<0.01). Feeding behavior of experiment group 2 was relatively lower. The electronic feeding station significantly(P<0.05) or highly significantly (P<0.01) increased pigs' pen mate manipulations.
Effect of Different Astragalus Polysaccharides Levels in Diets on Growth Performance in Dairy Bull Calf
LIU Yan-xin, SUN Yu, BIE Fu-dong, GAO Teng-yun
2013, 40(10):  111-114. 
Abstract ( 247 )  
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In order to investigate the effect of different Astragalus polysaccharides levels in diets on growth performance in dairy bull calf,30 dairy bull calves of one month old were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups,there were ten calves in each group,each of group A was added 5 g Astragalus polysaccharides every day,and each of group B was added 10 g Astragalus polysaccharides every day,the group C was not added Astragalus polysaccharides as control group. The results showed that each of group supplementation of 5 and 10 g Astragalus polysaccharides every day had significantly improved the feed intake and daily gain(P<0.05), reduced diarrhea rates and increased body size indicators. Considering the cost and other factors, adding 5 g Astragalus polysaccharides in diets for each of daily bull calf every day has the best effect in production.
Research Advance of Body Condition Score in the Management of Feeding the Dairy Cows
LI Ji-nan, SUN Peng, QIN Chun-fu, LI Fa-di, WEN Jing
2013, 40(10):  115-119. 
Abstract ( 335 )  
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This article has reviewed the rules and methods of body condition score(BCS),the relationships between BCS (change) and productivity,reproduction performance,cow health and welfare.Simultaneously, how to write and use a BCS report in farm management are also involved to help the managers efficiently use the BCS as a good indicator in the management of dairy cows.
Effect of Different Compound Chinese Herbal Medicine on Production Performance of Layers
LI Chong
2013, 40(10):  120-123. 
Abstract ( 398 )  
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A total of 945 41-weeks-old Loman Brown layers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 repeats per group and 63 chickens in each to assess the effect of different compound Chinese herbal medicine on production performance of layers, the control groupⅠwas fed on basal diet, the experiment Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ groups were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.1% the Chinese herbal medicine A (codonopsis, angelica, tiger plate, dodder seed, motherwort, allicin and multidimensional, etc.), B (angelica, licorice, ginger, anemarrhena, multidimensional, etc.), C(buffalo, gypsum, berberine, male open leather, straw, licorice, even the wings, anemarrhena), D(andrographis, sophora, radix, licorice, enno), respectively. The preliminary trial lasted for 7 days, and the experimental period lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: compared with the control group, the laying rates of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ, at the end of 44 weeks, significantly improved by 0.92% (P<0.05) and 0.78% (P<0.05), respectively. The laying rate of control group was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in other groups at the end of the trial. The egg weight of group Ⅱ was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that other groups. Therefore, compound Chinese herbal medicine could improve the average laying rate and egg weight, and decrease the mortality. The better combination was including codonopsis, angelica, tiger plate, dodder seed, motherwort, allicin and multidimensional, etc.
Study on Fatty Acid and Volatile Flavor Compounds in Native Sheep Breed and Crossbred Liangshan Semi-fine-wool Sheep
CHEN Hua-li, WU Deng-jun, SHI Yang-yang, TAN Xiao-chuan, LI Si-chen
2013, 40(10):  123-127. 
Abstract ( 263 )  
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In this trial,the objective was to find the type and content of fatty acids and volatile ingredients of mixed specimens in 1 year old Native sheep breed and Crossbred Liangshan Semi-fine-wool sheep which was studied by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy(SPME-GC/MS),and compare their similarities and differences.The results showed that myristic acid,palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid,stearic acid,oleic acid,linoleic acid,arachidic acids and linolenic acid were the main fatty acids. Linoleic acid in Native sheep breed and Crossbred Liangshan Semi-fine-wool sheep was significantly different (P<0.05),others were not significantly different (P>0.05).48 volatile flavor compounds were detected in Native sheep breed,while there were 56 in Crossbred Liangshan Semi-fine-wool sheep.The main volatile components in the two breeds of sheep were caproic aldehyde,enanth aldehyde,1-octene-3-alcohol,2-amyl furan,2,3-ketone of suberic,caprylic aldehyde,benzaldehyde, nonanal and so on,there were individual differences in different sheep.Aldehydes might be dominant in the volatile flavor compounds.
Comparative Study on Four Methods in Establishing Diabetic Cataract Models of Rats
LI Jing, ZHANG Yu, YANG Fei, ZHAO Hai-jiao, TIAN Ya-hui, JIA Zhi-hua, WU Guo-juan, ZHANG Zhong-wen
2013, 40(10):  128-134. 
Abstract ( 216 )  
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The assay was aimed to study whether feeding D-galactose, intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose, glucose or streptozotocin(STZ) could successfully establish diabetic cataract models of rats,and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the four methods. We tried to find out an effective, stability, practical and repeatable method of establishing diabetic cataract model, so as to provide theory and experience for building sugar cataract models of dogs. We used D-galactose feeding (30% quality score of food per day), intraperitoneal injection of 50% D-galactose (15 g/(kg·BW)), 50% glucose (15 g/(kg·BW)) and STZ (70 mg/(kg·BW)) to establish the models of rats with same age. We determined the blood sugar after 48 h, and examined lens situation after 72 h. Body weight was measured every 3 day. We also measured the food and water consumption during 30 days. The results showed that all lens in D-galactose feeding group were normal during 30 days of experiment. Both D-galactose and glucose injection caused cataract in the third day, although their blood sugar levels were normal all the time. STZ injection caused diabetes mellitus in 72 h, and induced cataract during 4 to 5 weeks. Therefore we concluded that galactose feeding couldn't successfully build cataract models of rats. D-galactose and glucose injections were fast and better in inducing cataract, which allowed to examine the delayed effect of drugs in a short period. STZ injection needed 4 to 5 weeks to establish diabetic cataract models which was a proper way to study the pathogenesis of diabetic cataract.
Effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitor on Maintaining Self-Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells
LAO Yan-ping, KE Hao, SUN Hong-liang, LIU Rong-li, MA Yu-jie, RUAN Qiu-yan, LEI Chuan, LU Feng-hua, LI Xiang-ping, SHI De-shun
2013, 40(10):  134-139. 
Abstract ( 234 )  
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of early blastocyst, and possess the ability of self-renewal and maintenance pluripotency. Wnt signaling pathway plays important roles in maintaining self-renewal of ES cells. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitors can active Wnt signaling pathway,then promote the self-renewal and cell-to-cell adhesion of ES cells. In this paper, we take a review for the effect and mechanism of GSK-3 inhibitors on maintaining self-renewal and cell-to-cell adhesion of ES cells.
Effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd Polysaccharide on Immune Function and Growth in Mice
WANG Hong-ge, TANG Cheng, WANG Hang, WANG Cheng-long
2013, 40(10):  140-143. 
Abstract ( 246 )  
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To investigate the effect of Hedyotis diffusa Willd polysaccharide (HDP) on immune function and growth of mice,a total of 60 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 to 3 were orally administered with HDP at a dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/(kg·BW) for 7 days, respectively. The mice of control group were orally administered with the same volume of saline. Mice of each group were inoculated with Newcastle disease vaccine at 12 h after the last oral administration. Peripheral blood was sampled to separate leukomonocyte and sera on the 7th,14th and 21th day after the last oral administration. Lymphocytic proliferation was evaluated using CCK-8 method, and serum antibody titers of Newcastle disease were measured by micro-hemagglutination inhibition test. Meanwhile, mice of each group were weighed. Macrophage phagocytic function test and spleen coefficient method were assayed on the 21th day after the last oral administration. The statistic results showed that HDP could significantly enhance the level of lymphocytes proliferative capacity, serum antibody, peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis, the index of spleen and weight in mice (P<0.05). These results demonstrated that HDP could significantly increase the non-specific and specific immune function, and improve the weight of body in mice. The results in this study provided new insight into the development of novel type of health product using HDP.
Isolation and Culture of Rat Primary Hepatocytes, and Identification of its Membrane Receptor
LIU Yu, LAN Hai-nan, LI Wei, YANG Yan-hong, FU Zhi-ling, MA Si-hui, WU Tian-cheng, GUO Feng, ZHAO Xue, ZHANG Hui, CUI Huan-zhong, WU Min, YANG Huan, LI Yu-meng, HONG Pan, ZHENG Xin
2013, 40(10):  144-147. 
Abstract ( 307 )  
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This research adopted improved collagenase perfusion isolation to isolate and culture rat hepatocytes, and had carried on the observation of morphology, identification of function and membrane receptor to explore the optimal state of its short-term cultures. The results showed that 2.12 ×108 hepatocytes per rat liver were obtained,and the average motility rate of cells was 94.23%. Hepatocytes were polygonal and grew into flakinesst under light microscope. We found that hepatocytes culture in vitro were better on the third day by the continual detection of LDH, Alb and urea. Function of growth hormone receptor on liver membrane had not been damaged by the identification of Mab263-PE, which laid the foundation for the cell signal transduction and relevant test.
Research Progress on the Mechanism of Growth Hormone-activated Receptor
YANG Yan-hong, FU Zhi-ling, LAN Hai-nan, LI Wei, LIU Yu, GUO Feng, ZHANG Hui, CUI Huan-zhong, ZHAO Xue, ZHENG Xin
2013, 40(10):  148-151. 
Abstract ( 275 )  
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The growth hormone (GH),a 191 amino acid polypeptide secreted by the anterior pituitary into the blood circulation,has a molecular weight of 22 ku. It binds to membrane receptors existing as a preformed dimer in target tissues to cause a conformational change to exert on its effects. Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and other cytokines are rapidly activated after GH binding and induced four different signal transduction pathways which bring signal into cells to generate a series of physiological effects such as metabolism,proliferation and differentiation. This article reviewed the structure,mechanism of action,and signal transduction pathways of growth hormone and growth hormone receptor.
Antigens Synthesis and Antibodies Preparation of Quinoxaline-2-Carboxylic Acid
ZHANG Ze-ying, YUAN Zong-hui
2013, 40(10):  152-155. 
Abstract ( 251 )  
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Quinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid (QCA) and γ-amino butyric acid derivative of QCA (QCA-ABA) were conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The conjugates QCA-BSA, QCA-ABA-BSA used to immunize New Zealand White rabbits were identified with UV scanning spectrum and the specificity of antibodies were detected by indirect ELISA and indirect compete ELISA. The antibodies produced with QCA-BSA, QCA-ABA-BSA conjugates showed the titers of 12.8×104, 6.4×104, respectively. These antibodies were not specific for the QCA moiety, IC50 values of >10000 ng/mL, but specific for the QCA derivatization (QCA-ABA), IC50 values of 14.2 and 7.75 ng/mL, respectively, and cross-reactivity of 12% with 3-methyquinoxaline-2-carboxylic acid, 0.038% with carbadox and 0.028% with cyadox, but did not cross-react with other veterinary drugs. The study laid a solid foundation for rapid detection of QCA in edible animal tissues.
Screening of High-yield Astaxanthin Yeast Strains by the Protoplast Fusion Technique
LIU Hong, CHENG Xiu-fang, ZHANG Zhi-yan, GU Wei
2013, 40(10):  156-161. 
Abstract ( 251 )  
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This experiment was conducted to screen astaxanthin-high-producing yeast strains by using protoplast fusion technology to evaluate the optimum parameters of cell age(h), reactive temperature(℃), reactive time(h) and osmotic stabilizers of protoplasts formation and regeneration of Phaffia rhodozyma mutant and Rhodotorula glutinis mutant. The product of protoplast formation rate and regeneration rate were as testing indicators. The results showed that the product of formation rate and regeneration rate in logarithmic growth prophase of Phaffia rhodozyma and that in logarithmic growth metaphase of Rhodotorula glutinis were significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05);the product of formation rate and regeneration rate of Phaffia rhodozyma of 22 ℃ was 17.34%,those of 25 and 28 ℃ were 0, those of 22 and 25 ℃ of Rhodotorula glutinis were significantly higher than that of 28 ℃ (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences between these two groups (P>0.05);the product of formation rate and regeneration rate of two strains in the reaction time of 2 hours were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The product of formation rate and regeneration rate in the control group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05).The suitable processing conditions of protoplasts formation and regeneration showed as follows: cell age of Phaffia rhodozyma was 14 h, cell age of Rhodotorula glutinis was 18 h, the reactive temperature was 22 ℃, the reaction time was 2 h, osmotic stabilizer of protoplasts formation was KCl buffer of 1.0 mol/L, osmotic stabilizer of protoplasts regeneration was sucrose diluents of 17%, finally selected one fusion srain that could grow well at 28 degrees and had 586.38 μg/g astaxanthin content, increased by 79.58% and 64.08% compared with their paraent strains, and the fermention tests showed that the ability of producing astaxanthin was still stable after many generations culture.
Research Progress on Effect of the Calpain System on Pork Tenderness
ZHANG Yu, WANG Xin-zhi
2013, 40(10):  161-164. 
Abstract ( 237 )  
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Tenderness is one of the most crucial attributes of pork quality,and ultimately the tenderness of pork depends on its muscle structure and its change degree in relevant protein. There are many factors that affect tenderness, including the calpain system which plays an important role in the process of tenderization. Calpastatin remains as one of the members which belong to calpain system and the expression of its calpastatin gene. Calpastatin gene is one of the candidate genes regulating pork quality. This paper reviews the factors affecting tenderness, the structure and physiological functions of the calpain system and the impacts of the calpain system and calpastatin genotype on pork tenderness.
Influence of Age on Ovary Function and Oxidative Stress in Laying Hens
JIANG Li-wen, FENG Jing-hai, ZHANG Min-hong, CHEN Yan
2013, 40(10):  165-169. 
Abstract ( 301 )  
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This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of age on ovary function and oxidative stress in laying hens.48 Jinghong hens of 17 weeks of age were selected and fed with the basal diet until 36 and 48 weeks of age.24 Jinghong hens of 78 weeks of age fed with the basal diets until 97 weeks of age. The results showed as follows: compared with the young hens,numbers of hierarchical yellow follicles,small yellow follicles,primary follicles and secondary follicles were decreased significantly (P<0.05),whereas the follicular atresia rate of smaller yellow follicles,large white follicles and secondary follicles were increased significantly (P<0.05).The content of LH and progesterone in serum were decreased as age growing, but there were no significant differences at 36, 48 and 97 weeks of age (P>0.05).The content of SOD and GSH-Px in liver and ovarian were significantly decreased as age growing (P<0.05),whereas the content of MAD increased significantly (P<0.05).These results indicated that ovary function decline might be related with oxidative stress of liver,ovary and serum.
Research Progress on the Effect of IGF-1 on Hair Growth of Animals
SHEN Yan, ZHANG Dan-jin, WANG Ting, XIE Jian-shan, ZHANG Yu, YU Xiu-ju, CAO Jing, HE Xiao-yan
2013, 40(10):  169-172. 
Abstract ( 276 )  
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The growth of hair of animals is a very complicated process which is influenced by various factors such as heredity,endocrine,nutrition and external conditions.The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a bioactive peptide which has effect on the proliferation and differentiation of cell, and regulates metabolism. Many researches have also found that the effect of IGF-1 on some cytokines.This paper reviews the progress of IGF-1 in hair/hair growth so as to show the important role of IGF-1 on hair/hair growth.
Genomic Characteristics of Copy Number Variations in Sunite Sheep
LIU Jia-sen, ZHANG Li, LI Yun-hua, ZHAO Fu-ping, WEI Cai-hong, DU Li-xin
2013, 40(10):  173-178. 
Abstract ( 279 )  
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In this study, 71 Sunite sheep were genotyped using Illumina OvineSNP50 BeadChip array, a total of 134 CNV regions (CNVR) across the genome were identified, which covered 25.95 Mb of the sheep genome.CNVR size on autosomes range from 29.48 kb to 1.30 Mb. Functional indicated that the most genes overrepresented in environmental responses, which involved in sensory perception of smell, sensory perception of chemical stimulus, sensory perception, cognition. To confirm these findings, quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed for 5 CNVR and 3 of them were successfully validated. Our findings would be of help to understand the sheep genome and provide preliminary foundation for investigating the association between important economic traits and CNV.
Study on Effect of Different Doses Cloprostenol on Estrus Synchronization Rabbit
BAI Yu-tian, ZHANG Ya-qiong, CAO Jie, LIU Jun, ZHAO Ang, QIN Ying-he
2013, 40(10):  179-183. 
Abstract ( 399 )  
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The conduct was on the basis of 42 d propagation mode, 48 h before artificial insemination, mother rabbit were injected of different doses of cloprostenol (CLO) (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 μg) for the same period, and total farrowing rate, litter size at birth, number born alive, litter weight at birth, mean kit weight at birth and estrogen and progesterone were recorded.Results showed that, compared with control group, the injection of different doses of the CLO to mother rabbit, the farrowing rate was very significantly improved (P<0.01), and showed increasing trend with the increasement of the dose;But between groups,the litter size at birth had no significant change (P>0.05).Results about hormone showed that after injection of CLO,the level of estrogen was increased. Progesterone concentrations significantly decreased after injection of CLO (P<0.05), respectively in 24 h and 48 h after injection of two time points,10,20 and 40 μg groups were significantly lower than 0 μg group. Therefore, using the high chlorine enol promote the mother rabbit estrus and then mother rabbit farrowing rate and production efficiency could be improved.
Correlations Analysis between Polymorphism of 3’-UTR in MSTN Gene and Slaughter Traits of China Red Steppe
GUO Zhen-gang, ZHANG Li-chun, CAO Yang, YU Yong-sheng, LUO Xiao-tong, JIN Hai-guo
2013, 40(10):  184-188. 
Abstract ( 218 )  
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In order to study the effect of myostatin (MSTN) gene on the meat performance of Local Yellow cattle in China,selecting 2 Local cattle breeds (Grassland Red bull,Yanbian cattle) as the research object,four binary hybrid cattle group (Germany Yellow cattle×Simmental,Limousin×Simmental,Charolais×Simmental and Red Angus×Simmental) as reference.PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing methods were conducted to detect single nucleotide polymorphism of MSTN gene in two Chinese native cattle and four cross cattle,and analyzed the correlations between single nucleotide polymorphism of China Red Steppe MSTN gene and slaughter traits.The sequence analysis showed that there was no mutations in the MSTN gene exon 3,a C5358A mutation of 3'-UTR of MSTN gene was found,which made the AclⅠrestriction enzyme site disappeared,all cattle groups showed polymorphism which was formed two genes as A,C, and 3 genotypes as AA,CA and CC, respectively.The research results suggested that AA genotype in groups of four hybrid cattle had dominant advantage and the genotype frequency was apparently higher than two groups of Chinese Native cattle for the test of independence,allele A was expressed the preferential allelic,the frequencies of CA,CC and AA genotypes showed a little variation between two cross cattle and Native cattle,and the frequency of allele C was apparently higher than allele A,so allele C was designed the preferential allelic in the local population.While correlations between different genotypes of China Red Steppe and slaughter traits analysis showed that AA genotype individual net meat percentage and eye muscle area were significantly higher than CA and CC genotype individuals (P<0.05),but other slaughter straits had no significant differences in three genotypes(P>0.05).These results provided a useful reference for research of the meat performance of China Red Steppe in the molecular breeding field.
The Application of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome (BAC) Library in Conservation for Livestock Genetic Resources
HE Li, LIU Chou-sheng, HAN Xu
2013, 40(10):  188-192. 
Abstract ( 315 )  
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In this study, we would introduce the situation and progress of the conservation of international animal genetic resource research, analysis the development and application of the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library, and elaborate the special adversity of the application of BAC library in the animal genetic resource conservation. In additional, it is propose that the establishment of BAC library would be the important complement form of the animal genetic resource conservation. By the developing of BAC library, it would be help to promote the safety and permanence of animal genetic resource conservation, provide the irreplaceable material and to study the special traits of animal breeds in the future, and it also has the important practice value and the promotion to achieve the conservation of the animal genetic resources.
Study on the Carcass Performance and Meat Quality of DLYM Hybrid Fatten Pig
SHEN Lin-yuan, ZHENG Meng-yue, ZHANG Shun-hua, ZHU Li, LI Xue-wei, LI Xue-mei
2013, 40(10):  193-196. 
Abstract ( 583 )  
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To study the carcass performance and meat quality of the hybrid fatten pig(DLYM) combined with Duroc(D),Landrace(L),Yorkshire(Y) and Meishan(M). We had systematically measured the carcass characters and meat quality. The results indicated that DLYM hybrid fatten pig had a good carcass characteristics and meat quality. Such as the percentage of lean meat was 53.97%±6.82%; mean of the thickness of backfat was 3.32 cm±0.52 cm; the area of longissimus dorsi was 46.01 cm2±3.14 cm2; pH1 at 45 min postmortem was 6.69±0.52; pH2 at 24 h postmortem was 5.68±0.74; the meat lightness at 45 min postmortem was 41.59±4.20; the meat lightness at 24 h postmortem was 49.42±5.61; marbling was 2.33±0.07; drop loss was 3.58%±0.25%; shear force was 4.82 kg±1.36 kg. In conclusion, DLYM hybrid fatten pig had a appropriate lean meat percentage and an outstanding carcass and meat quality characters, which was special adapt to the demand for high quality pork in southwest China and reached the balanced development between carcass characters and meat quality. It is a concise and efficient type of high-quality hybrid combination mode.
Detection of Procine Torque teno Virus, and Investigation and Analysis of Mixed Infection with Many Pathogens
WEI Jian-xing, LIANG Zhao-qiang, OU YANG Kang, BAI An-bin, QIN Shao-min, ZHONG Ya-ting, WEI Li-li, LU Qin-zhang, WU Jian-min
2013, 40(10):  197-202. 
Abstract ( 263 )  
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To investigate the infection of Torque teno virus (TTV) in pigs in Guangxi,a total of 156 samples of blood, aborted fetuses, lungs, spleens, kidneys, livers and lymph nodes from 140 farms were detected by Nest-PCR. Cloning, sequencing and genetic evolution analysis were conducted on the UTR in positive samples, some of which were also detected for porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and pesudorabies virus (PRV), followed by separation and identification of bacteria. The findings were that the total infection rate of TTV was 93.6%, in which the infection rate of TTV2 reached 76.9%, not only being remarkably higher than that of TTV1 (16.7%) but also with higher genetic variation among strains. TTV generally mixed with PCV2 and PRRSV, and the rate of mixed infection with PRRSV was higher (64.29%). There were double, triple or even quadruple TTV mixed infection with other viruses in pigs. Clinically, more Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis were detected in mixed infection (or secondary infection) of TTV and bacteria. This study proved that there were TTV infection among swines in Guangxi,and PRRSV,PCV2 and CSFV were more commonly seen in such mixed infections.
Survey on Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus Isolated from Pork and Milk
WEI Hong-kun, FENG Yan-yan, LIU Jian-hua, LV Shi-ming, ZENG Zhen-ling
2013, 40(10):  203-206. 
Abstract ( 252 )  
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73 Staphylococcus strains including 50 Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and 23 coagulase-negative Staphylococci were isolated from pork and milk samples with collected from Guizhou province in 2010. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed with agar dilution method according to the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Statistical methods were used to analyze the differences of antimicrobial susceptibility between S.aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococci which isolated from different samples. The results showed that these isolates displayed a high degree of resistance to the common antimicrobials and showed multi-drug resistance. Moreover, isolates which isolated from the milk samples showed much higher multi-drug resistance than those isolated from the pork samples. S.aureus which isolated from the pork samples demonstrated primarily resistant to penicillins,tetracyclines and macrolides,while S.aureus which isolated from the milk samples showed primarily resistant to penicillins,cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, clindamycin, tiamulin and rifampicin. The coagulase-negative Staphylococci which isolated from the pork samples displayed primarily resistant to ampicillin,oxacillin and tiamulin, and the resistance profile of coagulase-negative Staphylococci from milk samples showed no remarkable difference from that of the S.aureus isolated from the milk samples.
Isolation, Identification and Genetic Evolution Analysis of F Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus TH-1 from Duck
DAWA Zhuo-ma, JIN Hong-yan, FENG Jia-wang, YANG Kang-lin, JIANG Yi-tong, LV Jian, HOU Shao-hua
2013, 40(10):  206-210. 
Abstract ( 312 )  
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A Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was isolated from the death duck in Jilin province Tonghua city, and TH-1 strain was named. It was identified with hemagglutination test, hemagglutination inhibition test,neutralization test, PCR and sequence analysis. It was proved virulent because of MDT of 53.4 h, 1.85 of ICPI,and 2.575 of IVPI. The cleavage site of the virus F protein was 112-RRQKRF-117, according to highly pathogenic strain character. The homology of F gene was 99.3% with that of strain mallard China HLJ, separated from wild duck. By analyzing genotype and homology of TH-1 and other NDV strains, it showed that TH-1 strain was belonged to genotype Ⅶ, which was the dominated genetype in China in recently.
Investigation of Antibiotic Resistance among Escherichia coli Isolated from Different Animals
HE Dan-dan, HUANG Liang-zong, CHEN Xiao-jie, YANG Tong, RAO Li-li, LUO Dong-mei, CHEN Pei-ling, PENG Hui, LIU Jian-hua
2013, 40(10):  211-215. 
Abstract ( 313 )  
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To determine the resistance of Escherichia coli strains to kinds of antimicrobials, a total of 935 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from diseased and healthy food-producing animals during 2011 to 2012, which contained 606 E.coli strains from healthy swine, 114 from diseased swine, 51 from diseased chicken and 164 from diseased water fowl(duck and goose).The susceptibility of 935 isolates to 15 antimicrobials were determined by agar dilution method. The results showed that the resistance of the isolates was serious.The resistance rates to most of the antimicrobials were over 70.0%, especially ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and tetracycline, with resistance rates of over 80.0%. There was a relative low frequency of cefoxitin, colistin and amikacin among these isolates, except that the resistance rate(52.4%) to amikacin in Escherichia coli from diseased water fowl was higher than other animals distinctly. The resistance rates of the isolates from diseased animals to most of the antimicrobials were significantly higher than those from healthy animals, which indicated that the use of antimicrobials increased the resistance rates of the isolates to quinolones and the third cephalosporinases, that would increase the difficult of the clinical treatment.
Analysis of Transfer Modes of 16S rRNA Methylase in Chicken Intestinal E.coli
DING Xiao-li, CHEN Lin, HUANG Dong-zhang, LIU Jun-dong, WEI Dong-xia, GUAN Yuan-hong, LI Ju-yin, ZHOU Si-si, CHEN Xin-xiu
2013, 40(10):  216-220. 
Abstract ( 204 )  
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To study the transfer mode of rmtB and armA in chicken intestinal E.coli,plasmid conjugation experiment was carried out to study the horizontal transfer mode of rmtB and armA genes, and conjugative transfer frequencies were calculated. Broth microdilution method was applied to test susceptibility of 16S rRNA emthylase-positive isolates and their transconjugants to antimicrobial agents. As a result, all the rmtB genes located in five rmtB-positive isolates were easily transferred to recipients of E.coli C600. Conjugative transfer frequencies varied from 4.30×10-10 to 5.5×10-6 per recipient cell, and the armA gene located in one armA-positive isolate was not easily transferred to the recipient of E.coli C600. The results suggested that horizontal transfer was responsible for the dissemination of rmtB gene in chicken intestinal E.coli, but not for armA.
Research Progress on Pathogenic Factors in Streptococcus agalactiae
XIA Jie, YI Yi, LUO Fu-guang, YANG Jun, WANG Jia, WU Shi-hua, HUANG Xi
2013, 40(10):  220-223. 
Abstract ( 401 )  
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One of the main pathogens of humans and animals was Streptococcus agalactiae, which could cause disease such as meningitis, pneumonia and septicemia. At the moment, the major pathogenic factors of Streptococcus agalactiae had been found including capsular polysaccharide, hemolysin, hyaluronidase, CAMP factor, superoxide dismutase, serine-threonine protein kinase and so on. A few kinds of pathogenic factors above were reviewed, in which some of the research progress about the pathogenic and pathogenesis of Streptococcus agalactiae at home and abroad in recent years were also introduced.
Study on Detoxification of AFB1 by Saccharomyces boulardii
CHU Jie, GUO Gang, LIU Jin-wei, LIU Ke-chun
2013, 40(10):  224-227. 
Abstract ( 235 )  
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The influences on detoxification of AFB1 by Saccharomyces boulardii by different preparation methods on cells,different concentratoions of cells,different detoxification times,different pH were conducted, the mechanism of detoxification of AFB1 by Saccharomyces boulardii was absorption.Comparing with the preparations under 2 mol/L HCl and 121 ℃ for 30 min,the preparation under 100 ℃ for 30 min was more advantage on detoxification of AFB1,besides,the strong acid and weakly basic condition had a profit on detoxification of AFB1 by Saccharomyces boulardii.
Isolation and Identification of Aeromonas hydrophila from Infected Tilapia in Early Spring
ZUO Yue, YI Yi, XIA Jie, LUO Fu-guang, YANG Jun, LI Fang-fang, WU Shi-hua
2013, 40(10):  228-230. 
Abstract ( 260 )  
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In early spring 2012, a disease outbreak occurred at a tilapia farm in Liuzhou of Guangxi province. A gram-negative bacillus was isolated from liver,kidney and spleen of infected tilapia. The isolate was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila by biochemical assays and 16S rDNA sequencing. Healthy tilapia injected with 1×109 CFU of the isolate reached a mortality of 100% in just 24 h. Drug sensitivity experiment showed that the isolate was only resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to 15 types of antibiotics such as aztreonam,ofloxacin,etc. This study provided a basis for the prevention and control of tilapia diseases in early spring.