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Table of Content

20 July 2012, Volume 39 Issue 7
Main Risk Factor Analysis for Milk Quality and Safety Ⅶ.Somatic Cell Count &Total Bacterial Count
ZHAO Lian-sheng, WANG Jia-qi, ZHENG Nan, HAN Rong-wei, XU Xiao-min, QU Xue-yin, ZHEN Yun-peng
2012, 39(7):  1-5. 
Abstract ( 428 )  
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In this somatic cell count (SCC) and number of total bacterial count (TBC) are an important indicator to measure udder health and milk quality. The comparesions of regulation limit of SCC and TBC between China and other developed countries were conducted, and further to analysis reasons for these differences. Analysis method and risk assessment of SCC and TBC were also reviewed.
Isolation and Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Strain 10JS-2 from Jiangsu Province, China
CAI Lin, HU Dong-mei, LI Xiao-xia, WANG Bao-yue, HAN Xue, NI Jian-qiang, ZHOU Zhi, YU Xiu-ling, ZHAI Xin-yan, WANG Wen-liang, TIAN Ke-gong
2012, 39(7):  6-10. 
Abstract ( 537 )  
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Serum sample was collected from a pig in Jiangsu province,China,and virus detection and isolation of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) were performed. A pair of primers was designed to amply the complete PCV2 genome according the PCV2 sequences submitted to GenBank for sequencing and analysis. A PCV2 strain 10JS-2 was isolated. The complete genomic sequence of 10JS-2 was 1779 nt in length. Remarkably,a special 11 nt insertion in the origin of viral genome replication (Ori) of 10JS-2 was observed. BLAST search on NCBI website revealed that another two PCV2 strains (AY321993 and EF565360) also had 11 nt insertion in Ori. However,the insertion sequence and the location of the insertion were different. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 10JS-2 belong to genotype PCV2a,while AY321993 and EF565360 were classified into genotype PCV2b. So,we inferred that 10JS-2 probably derived from PCV2a strains that obtained the 11 nt insertion in Ori. This is the first report about this kind of PCV2a strain.
Construction and Optimization Condition of Proteomic Map of Skin Collected from Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat
SONG Jie, DONG Yang, MENG Li-yun, DU Chen, SU Rui, LI Jin-quan, ZHANG Wen-guang
2012, 39(7):  11-14. 
Abstract ( 527 )  
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This study was aim to establish an efficient and high resolution proteomic map of skin collected from Inner Mongolia Cashmere goat. Total protein was extracted by using liquid nitrogen grinding method. The effects of different precipitate methods, different loading quantities and different gel concentration of SDS-PAGE on 2-DE (two-dimensional gel electrophoresis) maps were compared and optimized though the 2-DE. The results showed that the best electrophoresis pattern could be obtained by using 2-D Clean-up kit in protein extracting and loading 20 μg protein samples on each strip as well as using SDS-PAGE with 10% gel concentration and that would be helpful for the further proteomics analysis.
Cloning and Identification of Paraoxonase Gene Family of Xiang Pig
LI Sheng, NIU Xi, XU Lin, RAN Xue-qin, WANG Jia-fu
2012, 39(7):  15-19. 
Abstract ( 293 )  
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Three genes of paraoxonase (PON) family were separated from the liver of Xiang pig by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. The cDNA of PON1, PON2 and PON3 were 1164, 1212 and 1080 base pairs in length, respectively. All of them contained complete open reading frame (ORF) coding for three precursors. The signal peptides were predicted to be 15 amino acids (aa) in PON1, 23 aa in PON2 and 23 aa in PON3 at the N-terminus of precursors. A nonsense mutation was found out from PON1 gene. Two changes in PON2 gene resulted in substitution from glutamine to arginine at 234 site (Q234R) and valine to isoleucine at 269 site (V269I) in the matured PON2 protein. In PON3, only one mutation lead to substitution from arginine to histidine at 127 site (R127H) of the matured protein. All of the three replacements in mature proteins might change the microenvironment in the internal proteins based on the prediction of the three dimension structures of the matured proteins online. It suggested that the differences of the three paraoxonase genes might correlate to the stress resistance of Xiang pig.
Construction and Stably Expression of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of Bovine PRNP Gene in Bovine BMSC
SONG Shao-kang, DONG Ya-juan, BAI Xue-jin, WANG Wen-ming, LIU Wei, NIU Zhao-shan, ZHAO Shi-quan, YANG Li
2012, 39(7):  20-25. 
Abstract ( 345 )  
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In order to further study the physiological function of bovine prion protein and anti-mad cow disease cloned transgenic cattle basis form cellular level, we constructed a bovine prion protein gene (PRNP) eukaryotic expression vector. The PRNP gene was cloned by splicing overlap extension PCR (SQE-PCR) method, and inserted into the report with DsRED2 eukaryotic vector pDsRED2-N1.This recombinant plasmid pDsRED2-N1 was identified by digestion of endonuclease, PCR and sequencing. Then, it was transfected into bovine BMSC cell line mediated by LipofectamineTM2000. The transfected cells was detected by fluorescence microscopy and drug screening by 800 μg/mL G418. Electrophoresis analysis showed that the sequences were amplified and the sizes of products were accord with expectation. The recombinant plasmid was expressed in BMSC. The positive single stable transfection cell clones were also got by drug screening. The PRNP gene had been cloned by splicing overlap extension PCR method, and the recombinant eukaryotic vector stable expressed in BMSC successfully.
Methods of Antler Total Protein Extraction on the Effect of Map Quality of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis in Sika Deer
ZHAO Dong, XING Xiu-mei, YANG Fu-he
2012, 39(7):  25-28. 
Abstract ( 368 )  
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Deer antlers are the only mammalian organs capable of repeated regeneration. To prepare total protein samples of sika deer antler for 2-DE by different extraction methods, and then find a suitable one from the spots number and resolution condition in the map. Total protein extraction kit, manual lysate and acetone precipitation were used and three kinds of 2-DE maps were analyzed. The results showed that spots number and resolution of kit and manual lysate were better than that of acetone precipitation, and stripes in the map of acetone precipitation were visible.
Construction of Buffalo Lipopolysaccharide-Binding Protein Expression Vector and Screening of its Valid ShRNA Sequence
LU Xin-mei, LI Mei-qing, QIAO Shu-ye, LUO Ting, ZHANG Hui-na, SHI De-shun, LI Xiang-ping
2012, 39(7):  29-35. 
Abstract ( 478 )  
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The assay was aimed to construct the fusion expression vector of buffalo lipopolysaccharide-binding protein(LBP), investigate the effect of LBP short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral vector on buffalo LBP expression in 293 cell lines, and finally screen its valid shRNA sequence. The open reading frame of LBP was amplified from total RNA of buffalo liver by RT-PCR. The fragment of LBP was inserted into pMD18-T and identified by nucleotide sequencing. After digestion by restriction endonuclease SalⅠ and BamHⅠ, the fragment was sub-cloned into pDsRed-N1 vector. After confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion, the recombinant plasmid was named as pDsRed-N1-LBP. Two different regions of LBP mRNA were selected as the RNAi target sites: 774 to 792 bp, 1212 to 1231 bp, non-silencing sequence named 1864 as a negative control. These shRNAs were designed, annealed and synthesized into pUC57 vector. Then the shRNAs fragment was sub-cloned into lentiviral expression vector pSicoR-GFP. The recombined vector pSicoR-GFP-shLBP-774/1212/1864(N.C) were confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The fusion expression vector (pDsRed-N1-LBP) was co-transfected into 293 cells together with shRNA lentiviral expression vector (pSicoR-GFP-shLBP) by using LipofectamineTM2000. The expression of LBP was detected by real-time RT-PCR to investigate the optimal shRNA-LBP which had apparent knock-down capacity. The results showed that the recombinant fusion expression vector pDsRed-N1-LBP was successfully constructed. ShRNA lentiviral expression vector was constructed and it can inhibit the expression of LBP in 293 cells effectively. The level of LBP was reduced by 49.53%, 29.27% respectively detected by QRT-PCR. Therefore,the valid shRNA sequences targeting the buffalo LBP gene named shLBP-774, shLBP1212 were successfully screened, which layed a foundation for further study on the biological function of LBP in LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway.
Detection of Avian Reticuloendotheliosis Virus of Biologicals of Avian Origin by PCR
ZHUANG Jin-qiu, BI Yan-li, MEI Jian-guo, WANG Jin-liang, MIAO Li-zhong, SHEN Zhi-qiang
2012, 39(7):  36-39. 
Abstract ( 446 )  
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In order to quickly and accurately detect avian reticuloendotheliosis virus of biologicals of avian origin, according to REV reference strains LTR sequences published in GenBank, 1 pair of specific primers which the amplification length was 314 bp were designed and synthesis using Primer Premier 5.0, and the PCR method was established. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR method was proved to be well. With the simultaneous comparison test by indirecting immunofluorescence method, we found the consistent of the results was higher, and the results of PCR method was more intuitive, easily estimated, facilitatly sample storage, reinspection was also convenient and could completed at the same day, showing good viability.
Research Advances of Constructing Ways for cDNA Libraries
LIU Tai-feng, MENG Qing-feng, DUAN Xiao-bo, DONG Hao
2012, 39(7):  40-43. 
Abstract ( 514 )  
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cDNA library was an important way to clone genes. It was used to find the new genes and reseach the function. This review introduced some ways of constructing cDNA libraries and their applications. It provided some valuable suggestions for the cDNA library constrution.
PCR Amplification and Sequence Analysis of Partial 28S rRNA Sequence of three Eimeria tellena Strains
HOU Jie, LIN Rui-qing, LIU Li-dan, CHEN Jun-jia, WENG Ya-biao
2012, 39(7):  43-46. 
Abstract ( 347 )  
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The partial 28S ribosomal RNA sequences of three different Eimeria tellena strains isolated from Guangdong province were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and compared with relevant sequences of E.tellena, E. acervulina, Sarcocystis muris, T.gondii available in GenBankTM. The results showed that the partial 28S rRNA sequence of three E.tellena strains was 1172 bp in length with no nucleotide difference in each other, and only one base difference found with E.tellena in GenBankTM, revealing highly conservative within E.tellena. There were distinct sequence differences found comparing with E.acervulina, S.muris and T.gondii, which demonstrated 28S rRNA could be used as a genetic marker for the population genetic studies on different species of Eimeria and other apicomplexan parasites.
Analysis of Sequence of Nsp2 Gene Isolated from Highly Pathogenic PRRSV Strains in Shanxi
WU Xin, HAN Yi-chao, WANG Juan-ping, LIU Wen-jun, YAO Jing-ming, MENG Fan, WU Shou-yan, LEI Yu-ping, CHEN Jian-bo, FAN Zhen-hua, MI Rui-juan
2012, 39(7):  47-52. 
Abstract ( 511 )  
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In this study, total RNA was extracted from tissues and serum in incident swines from different regions of Shanxi. The highly pathogenic PRRSV of 16 samples were positive by RT-PCR. The gene sequence of Nsp2 was amplified using the specific primers. The analysis of gene sequences by DNAStar and bioinfomatic software showed that the amino acids sequence of Nsp2 shared 69.8% to 71.7%, 85.3% to 87.9%, 68.7% to 70.6%, 91.7% to 94.3%, 94.3% to 98.5%, 95.1% to 98.9% similarity with VR-2332, CH-1a, BJ-4, HB-1, HuN4 and JXA1 strains respectively, following the comparison of sequences and homologue analysis. The results also showed that Nsp2 from Shanxi strains lacked amino acids at 2 locations, and one location was 1 amino acid and another was continuous 29 amino acids. It suggested that the PRRSV mutant strains in Shanxi belonged to the same branch as the domestic epidemic strains.
Effects of Different Sites of Base-pair Substitution on Calibration of Anatidae Molecular Clocks
MENG Dong-mei
2012, 39(7):  53-58. 
Abstract ( 366 )  
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In order to estimate the divergence times of Anatidae and investigate their genetic background, the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene partial sequences provided at NCBI were totally constructed a 13 sequences database for the next step analyze. The divergence time between Anseriformes and Galliformes was chosen as an anchor point to calibrate the Anatidae molecular clocks using a sequence calibration method. The results showed that the estimation of the divergence time was 116.3785MYA("1+2TiTv") between Phasianidae and Anatidae.The estimation of divergence time was 63.8823MYA("1+2TiTv") between Anser and Anatinae. A divergence of Gallus and Coturnix occurred in 1.879331MYA("1+2TiTv").The estimated divergence time of Anser anser and Anser cygnoidesa was 37.6708MYA("1+2TiTv").The model of "1+2TiTv" was one kind of ideal model.The divergence of the two basal groups(Phasianidae/Anatidae, Anser/Anatinae)took place in the Cretaceous (137-65 MYA). The results were consistent with the view that avian was originated in the Cretaceous.
Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies against Mycoplasma bovis
REN Ze-min, JIANG Yong, BA Xiao-liang, HU Chang-min, CHEN Ying-yu, PENG Qing-jie, CHEN Huan-chun, GUO Ai-zhen
2012, 39(7):  58-61. 
Abstract ( 491 )  
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8-week-old female BALB/c mice were immunized with Mycoplasma bovis HB0801. By using the hybridoma technique, six hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were identified. The ascite for the six MAbs were prepared and the characteristics of them were further studied. All of the six MAbs belonged to IgG category. The antibody titers of these MAbs ranged from 1?105 to 1.6?106. The specificity of these MAbs was detected by ELISA. The result suggested that all these MAbs can react with Mycoplasma bovis strains clinically isolated from China and the ATCC reference strain PG45, but they did not react with other bovine pathogenic bacteria tested such as Pasteurella multocida, Arcanobacterium pyogenes and so on. All MAbs investigated cross-reacted with Mycoplasma agalactiae which was known to be closely related to Mycoplasma bovis, prevalent in goats but not in cattle. Among them, two MAbs 1A5 and 1C11 did not exhibit further cross-reactions to other Mycoplasma species tested. In addition, Western blotting assay demonstrated that these six antibodies recognized various Mycoplasma bovis proteins. In conclusion, the MAbs prepared in this study layed the foundation for the establishment of novel detection methods for Mycoplasma bovis and studying its pathogenesis.
Review on Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and its Application in Animal Intestinal Bacterial Community
ZHAO Chun-miao, XU Chun-hou
2012, 39(7):  62-65. 
Abstract ( 394 )  
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Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DDGE) was a new electrophoresis method for testing the nucleic acid variation and point mutations, mainly based on the different denaturing concentrations dued to the different nucleic acid sequence of mutant type and wild type, thus using the denaturing gradient glue to make it separate. It could be used in the diversity and dynamics analyses of microbial communities. The principles of DGGE, applications in diversity and dynamics of intestinal bacterial community, the limitations and future developing perspectives were summarized in this paper.
Research Advance in Epitope Identification Methods
WEN Xue-xia, CHEN Hua-lan, XIONG Yong-zhong, WANG Xiu-rong
2012, 39(7):  66-70. 
Abstract ( 606 )  
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An epitope is the part of an antigen that is combined with lymphocyte surface receptors. Generally, it is composed of several amino acid residues or their spatial structure. It is the material basis of the immune response, and its nature decides the specificity of antigen. Epitope identification methods include peptides scanning techniques, amino acid mutagenesis techniques, X-ray or nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, peptide phage display technology and bioinformatics prediction. The common approaches for epitopes study in recent years were reviewed in this paper.
Genetic Effects of ACVR1 Gene on Growth and Reproductive Performance in Jinghai Yellow Chicken
WANG Wen-hao, WANG Jin-yu, ZHANG Gen-xi, ZHAO Xiu-hua, YU Ya-bo, SHI Hui-qiang
2012, 39(7):  70-73. 
Abstract ( 422 )  
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In this study, Jinghai Yellow chicken was used to analyze ACVR1 gene polymorphisms by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing method. As a result, there was one mutation site(G20190A) in Jinghai Yellow chicken. Three genotypes were detected(AA, AB, BB), and the frequencies of allele A and B were 0.9075 and 0.0925. For the reproductive performance, BB genotype in open weight was significantly higher than AA genotype (P<0.01), however AA genotype in 300 days of age weight was significantly higher than BB genotype (P<0.05). It implied that ACVR1 gene might have a fixed effect on growth and reproductive effect in Jinghai Yellow chicken.
Identification and Biological Characteristics of A Strain Streptococcus suis
CHEN Jin-long, LI Shu-guang, ZHANG Sha-sha, ZHANG Na, YU Xin-you, SUN Cui-ping, ZHUANG Jin-qiu, SHEN Zhi-qiang
2012, 39(7):  74-77. 
Abstract ( 365 )  
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According to the cultural and staining characteristics, morphology and biochemical test, slide agglutination test and PCR typing of Streptococcus suis, a strain of Streptococcus suis type 2 was isolated from samples of sick and dead pig. Animal pathogenicity test demonstrated that 2?108 doses can be lethal to mice,muramidase released protein (MRP), extracellular factor (EF) and hemolysin (sly) were all positive according to PCR detection, it provided a candidate strain for oneself inactivated vaccine preparation.
Advances of the Effect of miRNA in Skin Tissue
ZHU Zhi-wei, LI Shuan-ying, LI Hui-feng, LI Peng-fei, XU Dong-mei
2012, 39(7):  77-79. 
Abstract ( 323 )  
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miRNA participates in important life processes, including development, hematopoiesis, the formation and development of the organs, apoptosis, proliferation and the development of cancer. Some researches have reported that miRNA regulated skin and follicular morphology. miRNA, regulating more than one genes at post transcriptional level, it gives us a new way to elucidate the regulation mechanism of the hair development.
Function and Application of Intron
ZHANG Kai-hui
2012, 39(7):  80-83. 
Abstract ( 491 )  
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Since the discovery of intron, people always pay close attention to it. At present more and more researches found that intron is involved in mRNA transcription and translation regulation and tissue-specific expression.Based on intron recognition, it shows wide application prospect in many ways, but the intron application has just started. In this paper, those are discussed about the function of intron and the application of intron in genomics, molecular evolution, molecular systematics and transgenic system.
SNPs Screening and Bioinformatics Analysis of Fsp27 Gene in the Breeds of Guizhou Local Pigs
HUI Yan-ting, LIU Ruo-yu, ZHANG Yi-yu, YANG Yong-qiang
2012, 39(7):  83-86. 
Abstract ( 436 )  
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Three breeds of pig (Kele pig, Guizhou White Xiang pig and Qianbei Black pig) were used to constructed DNA pooling, the SNP in exon4 to exon5 of Fsp27 gene were rapidly screened by DNA sequencing. Four SNPs were detected in the three breeds of pig totally, they were intron3-T2169C,exon4-G5A,intron4-G21C and exon5-C5G, the exon4-G5A and exon5-C5G sites led to coding amino acids change from Arginine to Glutarnine, from Threoine to Serine respectively. The results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that the mutation in loci exon4-G5A could cause the change of mRNA secondary structure, while the exon5-C5G site led to the protein secondary structure change,when the locus was A,G in the exon4-G5A and exon5-C5G respectively the protein tertiary structure would be different from other(G and G,G and C,A and C) base combinations.
Overview of Identification of Ivi Genes Uniquely Expressed during the Infection with Pathogenic Bacteria Using IVIAT
LI Shu-guang, ZHANG Na, WANG Jin-liang, ZHAO Lei, CHEN Jin-long, MIAO Li-zhong, SHEN Zhi-qiang
2012, 39(7):  87-89. 
Abstract ( 413 )  
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An overview of in vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) will be presented, including a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this method. In vivo induced antigen technology (IVIAT) is a technique that identifies pathogen antigens that are immunogenic and expressed in vivo during animal infection. Over 20 different microbial pathogens have been or are known to be currently studied with this method. IVIAT is complementary to other techniques that identify genes and their products expressed in vivo. Genes and gene pathways identified by IVIAT may play roles in virulence or pathogenesis during animal infection, and may be appropriate for inclusion in therapeutic, vaccine or diagnostic applications.
Research Progress of p63 Gene and its Relationship with Tumor
YU Tian-ming, HAN Li-mei, LIU Jia
2012, 39(7):  90-93. 
Abstract ( 391 )  
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p63 gene is one of tumor suppressor gene p53 family members. It displays high homology to p53 gene. The structure of p63 is more complex than p53. It has two different promoters and many different introns splicing modes, p63 gene encodes many kinds of p63 isoform proteins. These p63 isoforms perform their diverse biological functions in different tissues and different developmental phases. This paper introduces researching progress of p63 genetic structure, biological functions and the relationships with tumors.
Research Progress on the Detection of Chloramphenicols Multi-residue in Aquatic Products
TAO Xin-chen, HUANG He
2012, 39(7):  94-98. 
Abstract ( 423 )  
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Chloramphenicols is a kind of antibiotic drugs with efficiently broad-spectrum and widely applied in animal aquaculture. But the side effect of residues of chloramphenicols in aquatic product will influence on aquatic products’ export and human health. In this paper, the sample pre-treatment and main analytical methods for chloramphenicols in aquatic product were reviewed, including microbiology method, immunoassay, chromatography, and so on. Each method’s advantage and disadvantage would be comprised in the article. At last, promising methods for chloramphenicols multi-residue were brought forward.
Comparative Study of Differences of Protein Fractions of Tissue and Serum after Cercariae Infect Microtus fortis and Mice
CHENG Gang, WANG Jing-ren, WANG Xing-ping, LI Shu-hong
2012, 39(7):  99-102. 
Abstract ( 380 )  
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To observe and compare the differences of protein fractions of tissue and serum at different time points after cercariae infecting Microtus fortis and mice. The liver, spleen, lung and serum were collecting from cercariae infecting Microtus fortis at different time points (0, 7, 12, 45 days post-infection) and mice (0, 7, 12, 45 days post-infection) respectively. The individual soluble proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE and stained with kaomasi blue R-250. The band sizes and their differences were analyzed. Results showed that the 150 ku proteins fractions in liver was more obvious and high expressed after 7, 12 days post-infection in mice than in Microtus fortis; the 40 to 50 ku proteins fractions of spleen was high-expressed after cercariae infecting Microtus fortis; the same fractional protein of lung in Microtus fortis show conspicuous change than other time points; the immunoglobulin in serum of mice was increased significantly afer cercariae infecting. There were differences of protein fractions in tissue and serum at different time points after cercariae infecting Microtus fortis and mice. The 150 ku proteins fractions in liver and serum of Microtus fortis was characterized and higher expressed than other animals. It may be an important effective molecule against schistosoma japonicum infection in Microtus fortis.
Research Progress of Biological Function of MicroRNA and its Expression in Animal Muscle and Adipose Tissue
LI Zhi-juan, GAO Shi-zheng, ZHAO Su-mei
2012, 39(7):  102-107. 
Abstract ( 385 )  
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MicroRNA are short 18 to 24 nt non-coding RNAs, which negatively regulate post-transcriptionally gene expression. MicroRNA affect the animal growth, development and disease-resistant involving in kinds of biological process including cell proliferation, death, neuron differentiation, immune regulation and disease ontogeny and so on. Therefore, this article focuses on the characteristics, mechanism and analysis methods of microRNAs and the expression in muscle and adipose tissue. This review can supply new ways to cure the disease in muscle and adipose tissue.
Optimizing Process and Formula and Analyzing Quality for Ivermectin Single Unilamellar Vesicles
HE Shu-hai, BASANG Wang-dui, SHE Yong-xin
2012, 39(7):  108-112. 
Abstract ( 372 )  
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To obtain high entrapment rate of ivermectin single unilamellar vesicles. The study was aim to optimizing preparation process of ivermectin single unilamellar vesicles; we had selected some factors such as ultrasonic frequency, ultrasonic time, mass ratio of lecithin to cholesterol and mass ratio of ivermectin to lecithin to design orthogonal test L8(27), and we used RP-HPLC to determine the entrapment rate of ivermectin single unilamellar vesicles under every combination of process and formula. The results showed the optimal process and formula combination of ivermectin single unilamellar vesicles were as follows: the ultrasonic frequency was 200 kHz, the ultrasonic time was 6 minutes and the mass ratio of ivermectin to lecithin was 1:10. We have obtained high qualitative ivermectin single unilamellar vesicles by optimization,the loading rate reach (92.35?0.61)%,the quality of drug is fine, the preparation process are simple and feasible.
Effects of Dietary Probiotics Supplementation on Growth Performance of Cherry Valley Duck
CHEN Chang-yi, XU Qi, XIE An, YU Qin-ming, ZHANG Yang, LI Xiu, LI Xin-yu, CHEN Yang, LAN Lv-tao
2012, 39(7):  113-116. 
Abstract ( 609 )  
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary probiotics supplementation on growth performance and to ascertain the best additional level. A total of 750 one -day-old Cherry valley ducks were randomly allotted into 5 groups (the experimental groupⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and the control group Ⅴ)with 3 replicates of 50 ducks each. Each group was fed the basal diet supplemented with 500,1000,1500,2000 and 0 mg/kg probiotics to 42 days of age, respectively. At the end of 14, 28 and 42 days of age, average body weight and feed to gain ration were calculated. Ducks fed diets supplemented with 1000 and 1500 mg/kg probiotics had significant higher(P<0.05)growth performance than those fed with the control group; diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg probiotics had the best material meat rate; diets supplemented with 500 mg/kg probiotics was not significant than the control group; diets supplemented with 2000 mg/kg had higher(P>0.05)growth performance than those fed with 500 mg/kg and the control group. Dietary probiotics supplementation could increase body weight, reducematerial meat rate, then improve its growth performance, meat performance and economic efficiency, diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg probiotics could get the best material meat rate and economic efficiency; diets supplemented with 1500 mg/kg probiotics could obtain the best meat performance; diets supplemented with 1000 mg/kg probiotics was the best additional level.
Effects of cGhrelin on Productive Performance in Lingnan Yellow Layers
DONG Xiao-ying, TANG Sheng-qiu
2012, 39(7):  116-119. 
Abstract ( 404 )  
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The current study was conducted to investigate the regulatory effects of cGhrelin on productive performance in Lingnan yellow laying hens. A total of 24 Lingnan yellow layers at 45 weeks age were randomly divided into the test group and the control group. The layers in test group were treated by wing intravenous injection of 0.5 nmol/100 g cGhrelin every 3 days, and the layers in control group were injected in the same volume of normal saline as test group. The productive performance of layers was measured every 3 days, and physiological and biochemical indicators were checked on the 15 days through a slaughtering experiment. The results showed that compared with the control, cGrelin could decrease egg production percentage and daily feed intake (P<0.05); but had no significant effects on feed/egg ratio and average egg weight (P>0.05); concentrations of triiodothyronine and thyroxine were decreased obviously (P>0.05) and the level of estradiol was decreased significantly (P<0.05). It indicated that cGhrelin had averse effects on some productive performance in Lingnan yellow layers.
The Effects of Dietary Chinese Herbal Medicine Additive on Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Jinghai Yellow Chicken
LI Ning-chuan, JIN Mei-dong, WANG Jin-yu
2012, 39(7):  119-122. 
Abstract ( 451 )  
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To investigate the different complex additives of Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance and meat quality of Jinghai yellow chicken. One hundred and sixty one day-old Jinghai yellow chicken were randomly divided into four groups, group A, group B, group C and control group D, 40 for each group (20 cocks and 20 hens),group A were fed with basal diets added with 0.5% Chinese herbal medicine, group B were fed with basal diets added with 1.0% Chinese herbal medicine, group C were fed with basal diets added with 1.5% Chinese herbal medicine, control group D were fed with basal diets. The results showed as follows compared with control group, Chinese herbal medicine additive could increase survival rate, the average daily gain, live weigh, slaughter percentage, whole net carcass percentage, breast muscle percentage, leg muscle percentage, pH, meat color, water keep ratio and tenderness, reduce the average daily feed intake, feed conversation ratio and abdominal fat rate, and increase growth performance and improve meat qualities of boiler, and the group B had the best effect.
Effects of Extracts of Puerariae Radix on Productive Performance and Blood Biochemical Parameters of Dairy Cow
GAO Jing, GAO Teng-yun, WANG He-xiang
2012, 39(7):  126-128. 
Abstract ( 455 )  
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A total of 32 Holstein dairy cows at the same parity and with close lactation stage and similar daily milk yield were randomly divided into four groups: control group,group 1,group 2,group 3.The supplementary level of extracts of puerariae radix content of control group,group 1,group 2,group 3 were 0,12.5,25,250 mg/kg respectively,the basic diet was the same.The results showed that the milk yield of experiment group were more stable than that of control group(P>0.05);the milk yield of group 1,group 2,group 3 were more than that of control group for 17.47%,9.68%,11.36%.The milk fat proportion of experiment group were raised(P>0.05),but the milk proportion of protein,SNF and density were not changed;the plasma levels of E2,COR and PRL were raised(P>0.05).Therefore,supplement extracts of puerariae radix could lessen the decline tendency of milk yield.
Study on Preparation and Immunocompetence of Inhibin Alpha-subunit in Beijing Duck
TIAN Jin
2012, 39(7):  134-137. 
Abstract ( 331 )  
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pMD18-T vector with the inhibin α-subunit gene from Beijing duck and pET-28a expression vector were cut by NdeⅠ and XhoⅠ. The products were connected and transformated into E. coli BL21(DE3). The positive recombinant expression vectors were identificated by PCR and double digestion experiment. The inhibin α-subunit protein was induced by the IPTG. Tests in mice showed that inhibin α-subunit expressed effectively in E.coli BL21 had immunological competence. The results are helpful for the later research about improving the laying performance of Beijing duck.
Comparison Analysis of Two Methods of Porcine-β-defensin-2 Gene Transforming into Saccharomyces cerevisiae
WU Ya-kun, PENG Zi-xin, FENG Qiu-yue, XIE Fei, LIU Peng, WANG An-ru
2012, 39(7):  138-141. 
Abstract ( 397 )  
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In order to develop a high efficiency genetic transformation system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two different transformation methods were compared in this study, which were electroporation transformation and lithium acetate transformation. The results showed that two methods all had strict request to cell growth state. For lithium acetate transformation, under the conditions of D600 nm was 1.051, were treated for 60 min by LiAc, transformation efficiency was 136/μg DNA. While for electroporation transformation, 154/μg DNA were detected under the conditions of D600 nm was 1.359, voltage of 2.5 kV. All results demonstrated that LiAc transformation method would be beneficial to develop the genetic transformation system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Advances in Antioxidative Factors of Milk
ZHANG Juan-xia, SUN Peng, YANG Yong-xin, BU Deng-pan, ZHOU Ling-yun, LUO Qiu-jiang
2012, 39(7):  142-146. 
Abstract ( 436 )  
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Milk liqids can undergo auto-oxidation, which may lead to changes in milk quality. It is important that the antioxidants of bovine milk keep stability in the nutritional quality. This report reviews the major antioxidants and antioxidation mechanism of bovine milk. It maybe provide information for the production of higher quality milk and improve the production process.
Study on Silencing of MC4R Gene in Pig Fibroblasts
ZHANG Dong-jie, WANG Liang, LIU Di
2012, 39(7):  147-150. 
Abstract ( 414 )  
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MC4R, MC3R, Leptin and CCKAR are all associated with feed intake. To analysis the potential relationship of these four genes, MC4R gene was silenced in fibroblasts by RNAi method, then Real-time PCR method was used to detect the expression changes of Leptin, MC3R and CCKAR. The results showed that, after MC4R was silenced, Leptin, MC3R and MC4R expression level were not changed.
The Research of TAT-SOD Protecting Nerve Cell from Apoptosis
LI He, ZHENG Shi-min
2012, 39(7):  151-154. 
Abstract ( 462 )  
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Normally, the body exists a set of relatively complete oxidation-antioxidant balance system. In the pathological conditions, this system imbalances to oxidation direction which can cause a series of damage to the body and produce the large amount of free radicals. TAT can mediate SOD through hemato encephalic barrier into the cells even mitochondria, playing the oxidation resistance and protection, especially to nerve cells. At present, the mechanism of TAT mediates allogenic material into cells has different viewpoints and the viewpoints are not clear and persuasive. So it is very important to summarize the research progress of TAT in recent years which can mediate SOD briefly.
The Evaluation of Pork Quality and its Influencing Factors
CHEN Yan-zhen
2012, 39(7):  155-158. 
Abstract ( 413 )  
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Pork quality is a very complicated concept and system,which is influenced by many aspects,pork quality is evaluated by the degree of pH value, carnation, tenderness, water holding capacity, the content of infiltrated fat (IMF) and so on, is influenced by many factors,such as age, breed,sex,nutrition,feeding and management,the slaughter program and so on.This paper reviewed the research progress in and abroad from these aspects.
Artificial Design Cecropins of AMP-D and Determination of Activity
HAN Jin-hui, ZHAI Pei, SHI Yong-hui
2012, 39(7):  159-162. 
Abstract ( 399 )  
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By the experiment of antimicrobial peptides structure optimization and solid-phase synthesis technology of synthetic,new antibacterial peptide AMP-D could be obtained. According to determination of its activity and hemolytic, the experimental results showed that AMP-D could inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, and was no hemolytic activity. Minimal inhibitory concentration of AMP-D was 10.5 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aurous. The antimicrobial activities of AMP-D had more improve than the original peptide.
Effect of Fluoride on the Expression and Function of Animal Cytokines
WANG Jian-mei, YANG Meng, WU Xiao-hu, MA Hai-li
2012, 39(7):  162-165. 
Abstract ( 622 )  
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Fluorine is one of the essential trace elements to animal body, and with many physiological effects. However, excess fluoride can cause systemic diseases that multi-organ is damaged. It is a research focus about fluoride that the effects on immune function. This paper includes an illustration of the effect of fluoride on the expression and function of animal cytokines, including IL,TNF,IFN, and preliminary discusses its influence mechanism.
Effect of Betacyanins Extracted from Suaeda salsa L. on Skeletal Muscular Fatigue
SUN Hong-zhao, ZHAO Shu-zhen
2012, 39(7):  166-168. 
Abstract ( 368 )  
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To investigate the effects of betacyanins extracted from Suaeda salsa L. on skeletal muscular fatigue. Toad gastrocnemius was stimulated by pulse electric curent. The results showed that betacyanins extracted from Suaeda salsa L. at concentrations of 0.005, 0.01, 0.02 mg/mL could prolong the time of contraction amplitude decreasing to 90%, 50% and 10% of the maximum contraction amplitude(in vitro,P<0.05). And 0.02 mg/mL could prolong the time of contraction amplitude decreasing to 90%, 50% and 10% of the maximum contraction amplitude too(in vivo, P<0.01). Therefore,the study showed that betacyanins extracted from Suaeda salsa L. had effect on antifatigue.
Comparing Analysis of Incubation Effects between Lines in Erlang Mountainous Chickens
ZHAO Xiao-ling, LIU Hong-xia, SHU Gang, ZHANG Yao, LIU Yi-ping, WANG Yan, ZHU Qing
2012, 39(7):  169-172. 
Abstract ( 434 )  
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In order to provide the basic information for further breeding work in Erlang mountainous chickens, we hatched two hatches eggs from lines SD02 and SD03 and compared the incubation effects between hatches, lines and families. The results showed that average egg number of line SD03 was more than line SD02, however the percentage of healthy chick of line SD02 was higher than line SD03(P<0.05). Though the percentage of dead fertile egg and dead embryo of line SD03 was lower than line SD02, and the percentages of fertility and hatchability of fertile egg in SD03 was higher than in SD02, these differences were not significant(P>0.05). The percentage of healthy chick and hatchability of fertile egg in the first hatch was higher than in the second hatch while the percentage of dead fertile egg and dead embryo in the first hatch was lower than in the second hatch. Generally, incubation effects of SD03 were better than SD02 and its effect in the first hatch was better than the second hatch. Incubation effects of family 3, 30, and 48 in line SD02 and family 13 and 49 in line SD03 were far poorer than average values of their corresponding lines. So, females from these families should not be used as breeders to reproduce next generation.
Research Progress of DNA Methylation in Animal Genetics and Breeding
QIU Zheng-yan, GUO Jiang, YANG Chun, ZHAO Zhi-hui
2012, 39(7):  173-178. 
Abstract ( 498 )  
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DNA methylation play an important role in gene expression regulation as one of epigenetic modification of the methods. With the rapid development of the number of DNA methylation detection technology,such as high-throughput detection of DNA methylation,study of DNA methylation bioinformatics has become a very active hot spots. In animal genetics and breeding,traits that may affect the expression of genes can be influenced since the degree of DNA methylation changes,and thus change the characteristics of various animals. Therefore,relevant studies have already begun to explore the specific role of DNA methylation in animal genetics and breeding.
Detection of the Polymorphism within Intron 8 of Prolactin Receptor Gene and its Association with Litter Size in Swine
SHI Jian-zhong, LI Bu-gao, CAO Guo-qing
2012, 39(7):  179-183. 
Abstract ( 360 )  
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The objective of this study was to detect the polymorphism of porcine prolactin receptor (PRLR) gene and analyze its association with litter size in swine, and to provide the basic knowledge for using PRLR gene as a genetic marker in marker assisted selection (MAS) for improving the reproduction performance in pig production. Polymorphisms of intron 8 of PRLR gene on 364 pigs from 6 breeds including Large White, Landrace, Duroc, Mashen pig, Shanxi Black pig and Shanxi White pig were tested by PCR-SSCP. Three alleles of A, B, C and six genotypes of AA, AB, AC, BB, BC and CC, were observed in examined populations. The A allele frequency was greater than those of B and C in Duroc (0.8276), Landrance (0.5439), Shanxi Black pig (0.5345), and Shanxi White pig (0.7669), whereas the B allele was superior to A and C in Large White (0.6894) and Mashen pig (0.7000). The C allele was in low frequency, ranged from 0.0379 to 0.1385, and only present in Large White, Shanxi Black pig and Shanxi White pig. Statistical analysis showed that PRLR genotype was significantly associated with total number born (TNB) (P<0.05) and was not associated with number born alive (NBA) at first parity. The TNB and NBA of heterozygote AC was significantly different from that of BC, whereas not significantly different from those of AA, AB and BB. The sows with A allele seems to had bigger TNB and NBA than those without allele A, which implied that the A allele was the favorable allele for improving sow’s litter size. The results of this work may provide the potential marker for the application in MAS for improving litter size in pig breeding and production.
Study on the Method of Superovulation in Calves
ZHENG Zi-hua, MAO Xian-bao, CHEN Bao-jian, PAN-Bin, LI Jiang, FAN Xiao-ming, SHEN Chuang, WEI Ying-ming
2012, 39(7):  183-188. 
Abstract ( 360 )  
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In order to define the best superovulation program, the best month old of calves and the best repeated superovulation time interval, different superovulation programs were conducted on different months old calves (1~6 months old) in this study. The results showed that the superovulation program 4, of which the average number of eggs collected was 80.0 missiles, the average number of oocytes recovered was 43.3 missiles and the average number of eggs available was 37.8 missiles, were significantly higher than the other four programs (P<0.05). It suggested that program 4 was fitted for superovulation of 3 months old calves; program 4 was much better than other 4 programs in 2 months old, 3 months old, 4 months old, 5 month old calves with the average number of eggs of 33.5, 41.0, 34.5 and 32.8 missiles respectively, and the difference between each other was not significant. The results of 1 month and 6 months old calves with the average number of available eggs of 10.8 and 18.3 missiles was significantly lower than the other four age groups (P<0.05), it suggested that the superovulation treatment program 4 was most suitable for 2 to 5 months calves. Moreover, we also found that the results of superovulation interval of 2 weeks group with average number of eggs available of 6.3 missiles were significantly worse than the interval of 3 weeks, 4 weeks and 5 weeks group (P<0.05) with that of 16.7, 23.7, 23.0 missiles, respectively. The superovulation difference between 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks groups was not significant indicated that the best time interval of 3 to 4 weeks was best for repeated superovulation treatment on calves.
Molecular Breeding Approaches of Improving Meat Quality in Pig
LI Pei-pei, GE Xin, WANG Jian-hua, ZHANG Bao-xun
2012, 39(7):  189-192. 
Abstract ( 335 )  
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Molecular breeding approaches in pig could improve meat quality. This article mainly summarizes the index of pig meat quality, contents and characteristics of molecular breeding approaches, research progress of molecular breeding in pig meat quality, existing problems and the prospects.
Molecular Breeding Approaches of Improving Meat Quality in Pig
LI Pei-pei, GE Xin, WANG Jian-hua, ZHANG Bao-xun
2012, 39(7):  192-194. 
Abstract ( 370 )  
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Molecular breeding approaches in pig could improve meat quality. This article mainly summarized the index of pig meat quality, contents and characteristics of molecular breeding approaches, research progress of molecular breeding in pig meat quality, existing problems and the prospects.
Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pathogenic Bacteria from Cases of Clinical Mastitis in Shanxi Dairy Herds
WANG Xu-rong, LI Hong-sheng, LI Jian-xi, WANG Xiao-hui, MENG Jia-ren, YANG Feng, YANG Zhi-qiang
2012, 39(7):  195-198. 
Abstract ( 436 )  
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Several dairy farms discovered mastitis in Shanxi province in 2011. 76 milk samples isolation and identification of bacteria were presented. And Disc diffusion test (K-B method) was used to study the antimicrobial resistance of the main organisms. Results showed that most of isolated organisms were Gram-positive bacteria; Gram-positive cocci and other Gram-positive bacteria were 60.67% and 23.59%, respectively. And the detection rate of pathogens (Streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and etc.) and opportunistic pathogen (Streptococcus faecalis, Micrococcus, Klebsiella spp and etc.) were 2.24% to 11.24% and 1.12% to 11.24%, respectively. Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus faecalis and micrococcus had high detection rate, 11.24%, 11.24% and 6.74%, respectively. Drug sensitivity test results showed that all isolated organisms were sensitive to amikacin, norfloxacin and enrofloxacin in 15 drugs. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp and coagulase negative Staphylococci had strong resistance to penicillins and β-Lactamaseinhibitors. The resistance rates were 100%. Streptococcus uberis also had resistance to the two kinds of drugs at different degree, 20% to 100%.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, and Streptococcus dysgalactiae etc to streptomycin were 100%. And some organisms had resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, cephalosporin V, sulfamethoxazole compound etc at different degree. The milk samples had serious mixed infections. There is a need to strengthen environmental sanitation management. And the clinical medication should be reasonable and effective.
Isolation, Identification and Pathogenicity of Porcine Astroviruses
LAN Jia-nuan, GUO Xuan, LIU Lei, ZHANG Min-xiu, LU Bing-xia, LIAO Cheng-qiu, HUANG Fu-biao, HUANG Wei-jian
2012, 39(7):  199-203. 
Abstract ( 414 )  
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Porcine astrovirus (PAstV) infection in pigs could cause diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration and growth retardation and other symptoms, particularly for serious violations to piglets before weaning, and cause some economic losses on the pig industry. In this study, PK-15 cells were used to isolate the epidemic strains of porcine astroviruses in Guangxi, and the virus were identified by using RT-nPCR, indirect immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, Western blotting analysis and the experiment of pathogenicity. These could provide the basis to further study the molecular biology, pathogenesis and animal models of porcine astrovirus.
Research Progress on Antimicrobial Peptide against Diseases
ZHOU Ji-zhang
2012, 39(7):  204-208. 
Abstract ( 470 )  
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Antimicrobial peptide has ability to restrain the growth of bacteria, virus, fungus and cancers. Which is not only no drug resistance, but also no toxic to normal cells. It is a kind of ideal biologics in the future. This paper reviews the relative research about antimicrobial peptide against on bacteria, virus, fungus and cancer, describs the application prospect of AMPs and discusses the existed problems about AMPs at present.
Research Progress in Development of Vaccines against African Horse Sickness
HE Yu-qian, WU Hai-yan
2012, 39(7):  209-213. 
Abstract ( 407 )  
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African horse sickness (AHS) is a non-contagious, insect-borne disease of equids, caused by African horse sickness viruses. This disease is included in the single Office International des Epizooties list of notifiable terrestrial animal diseases, and at present, is enzootic in such areas as sub-Saharan Africa. AHS is mainly transmitted by Culicoides midges, which grow and reproduce in the endemic areas, being responsible for the epidemiological status of this disease. The live attenuated vaccines and inactivated vaccines against AHS have been commercialized and been widely used. The new generation vaccines based on genetic engineering, such as subunit vaccines and viral vector vaccines, are being developed and will probably enter the vaccine marketplace in the future. In this review, we discussed the current status of vaccines against AHS in detail.
Research Progress on Effects of Sanguinarine on Pharmacology and Toxicology
ZHANG Yi-tao, WANG Hui
2012, 39(7):  214-217. 
Abstract ( 734 )  
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Sanguinarine as a benzene phenanthridine isoquinoline alkaloids with anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor,can improve liver function and induction of apoptosis and so on, while on the liver and heart has a certain toxicity. In this paper, it reviewed for the drug on bacteria, fungi and cancer cells pharmacological effects and toxicity, in order to lay the foundation for effective and rational application in clinic.
Progress of the Research on the PRRS Vaccine
REN Pei-sen, LV Wen-jing, DING Zhuang, ZHANG Zhong-yang
2012, 39(7):  218-221. 
Abstract ( 425 )  
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of PRRS, which caused reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and high mortality. In 2006, PRRSV which spread all over the world mutated for highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(HP-PRRS)in China, and caused serious economic loss. This syndrome has been found 20 years since it was found in America for the first time at the end of 1980s. In the absence of miracle drug, vaccine plays a key role in preventing this disease. Scholars at home and abroad attach great importance to this vaccine and make great development. The paper shows its main development in living vaccine, inactivated vaccine and genetically engineering vaccine three ways.
Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophil and Drug Sensitivity Test
SUI Hui
2012, 39(7):  221-223. 
Abstract ( 377 )  
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Six A.hydrophil isolates were isolated from fishes collected from 3 reservoirs in Jinzhou and periphery region by isolation and culture,staining microscopy,biochemical tests and amplifying aer gene with PCR. The results of drug sensitivity test indicated that the isolates were all sensitive to ciprofloxacin,chloromycetin,doxycycline and tobramycin and resistant to ampicillin and penicillin. Different degree resistance was existed in some strains. The laboratory animals appeared obvious pathological features and death after inoculation.
Study on a Newcastle Disease Detection and the Strain Typing of Newcastle Disease Virus
GUO Yan-min
2012, 39(7):  224-227. 
Abstract ( 381 )  
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There were some chickens troubled with a disease which caused the chickens neurosis, declining of egg laying, increasing of egg abnormal, embarrassment as well as diarrhea and so on. The chicken farm was visited and the infected chickens were acquisited. The disease was identified to be the Newcastle disease and produced Escherichia coli afterwards to send infection according to the results of clinical symptom, pathoanatomical examination, bacteriology, orrhology as well as virological examination. Then, real-time fluorescent PCR was done to identify the strain typing of Newcastle disease virus, the result showed that the Newcastle disease virus was midst-velogenic strain.
Investigation of Prognosis for Surgical Resection of Canine Mammary Tumors
WANG Tong-guang, CHEN Yi, HOU Jia-fa
2012, 39(7):  228-230. 
Abstract ( 559 )  
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The surgical resection of 31 canine mammary tumor cases were carried out with simple tumor removal, signal mammectomy, regional mammetomy and unilateral mammaetomy or bilateral mammectomy. The effects of different surgical methods on operative prognosis for the benign or malignant tumour and tumor weight. The results showed that the size of the breast neoplasms were related to the prognosis of affected dogs. With the increase of the weight of tumors, unfavourable prognosis of affected dogs was exacerbated gradually, recurrence rate and death rate had increasing tendence. In clinics, regional mammectomy and unilateral or bilateral mammectomy had certain effect on the prognosis of breast neoplasms affected dogs.
Isolation,Identification of Enterococcus faecium Strain and Preliminary Study on its Beneficial Effects
WANG Fan, WANG Jian-she, LIU Ting, LI Xiao-qing, WANG An-ru
2012, 39(7):  231-234. 
Abstract ( 408 )  
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In this article,strain ZW002 belonged to Lactobacillus was isolated from healthy pig feces. According to the results of morphological,physiological,biochemical tests,and sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene,strain ZW002 was identified as Enterococcus faecium,the accession number of 16S rRNA gene is JN542513. Moreover,the preliminary study of its beneficial effects,like acid resistance,bile salt tolerance and antibacterial activity was carried out. The results showed that strain ZW002 exhibited good stress tolerance and antibacterial activity,which lead strain ZW002 to be a promising candidate for probiotic research.
The Effect of Heat Stress on Methane Emissions in Dry Period Cows
WANG Xiao-lin, ZHANG Dan-feng, BU Deng-pan, ZHOU Ling-yun, SUN Peng, YANG Hong-jian
2012, 39(7):  234-237. 
Abstract ( 480 )  
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This study is to explore heat stress on the methane emissions of cows. Four dry period Chinese Holstein cows were selected in this study. According to 4?4 Latin square design,environment chamber was used for checking methane generation under the conditions of the temperature and humidity index 66,72,78 and 84, respectively. The results showed that CO2 and CH4 production would be decrease significantly (P<0.01) and the emissions methane by unit of feed dry matter become significantly higher under heat stress conditions(P<0.01). Therefore,the feed energy will be wasted badly under the heat stress conditions.
Comparison of Different Extraction Methods of Chicken Infectious Bursal Disease the Yolk Antibody IgY
GUO Su-qin, WU Feng-sun
2012, 39(7):  238-240. 
Abstract ( 494 )  
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In order to improve prerention and control of infectious bursal IgY effect of infectious bursal,comparison of different purification method on the high IBD yolk antibody titer of effection. Preparation of hyper-immune eggs and determination of the titer,in the lab, four methods were used for extraction high-yolk antibodies and determination of the titer.They were direct centrifugation, acidfied water extraction, chloroform extraction method and polyethylene glycol method. The results showed that self-prepared yolk antibody titer was 1:64, direct centrifugation antibody titer was 1:128, acidfied water extraction antibody titer was 1:16, chloroform extraction method antibody titer was 1:256, polyethylene glycol method antibody titer was 1:32.The results showed that after using titer chloroform extraction method,the highest titer detected, chloroform extraction method was a common method of clinical extracted antibody.
Analysis of Meat-type Chickens by Deep-litter-system on Virus Infection
WANG Xin, DU Yan, LI Chuan-long, ZHAO Peng, CUI Zhi-zhong
2012, 39(7):  241-243. 
Abstract ( 408 )  
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Deep-litter-system is a environmental protection and energy conservational technology. whether it has undesirable impact on epidemic disease control or not is another aspect need to pay close attention.Collecting samples from one area with bred by ifferent ways and detecting by Dot blotting and immune body technique. The results indicate that there are no dissimilarity in MDV and REV detection, the difference is obvious in CAV (positive ratio is 28% in deep-litter-system while traditional plastic net breed is 86%) and NDV HI vaccination (P<0.01). Deep-litter-system can effectively control loimic infection.
Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Pets
SHI Zhi-hai, WANG Wen-jia, LAN Ya-li, CHEN Chao-xi
2012, 39(7):  244-245. 
Abstract ( 326 )  
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To understand drug resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from pets in Guangzhou,broth microdilution method was used for antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing of 120 clinical E. coli isolates to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin and other 11 antibiotics and the experimental data were statisticized by WHONET 5.4 software. Based on the results of drug resistance pattern analysis, it can guide the clinical use of drugs for pets and provide a theoretical basis for drug resistance surveillance.
Pharmacodynamics of Procaine Penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate Suspension against Experimentally Induced Streptococcosis suum in Pigs
LU Xiao-xiong, JIA Hui-qin, WANG Lin, ZHAO Ning, DING Huan-zhong
2012, 39(7):  246-249. 
Abstract ( 617 )  
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The clinical pharmacodynamics of procaine penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin sulfate suspension against Streptococcosis suum experimentally induced in swine was studied in this paper. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of penicillin and enrofloxacin for Streptococcus equisilis were determined to be 0.0313 and 0.5 mg/L by two-fold dilution method in vitro, respectively. Following the treatment with three different dosage of procaine penicillin-dihydrostreptomycin sulfate suspension (0.05 mL/kg穊w, 0.1 mL/kg穊w and 0.2 mL/kg穊w) and enrofloxacin (2.5 mg/kg穊w) against Streptococcosis suum for 3 consecutive days, the curative rates of the infected swine were 60%, 80%,90% and 60%, respectively. The mortality of the infected but untreated group was 70%.
The Comparative Study of Separated Methods of E.ovis
HAN Fu-sheng, HAN Yu
2012, 39(7):  249-251. 
Abstract ( 324 )  
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In order to establish an efficient separated method of E.ovis, anticoagulant blood samples whose erythrocyte positive infection rates being larger than 90% were collected, the water bath method and drug anthelmintic in vitro method were used to dissociate E.ovis. Eperythrozoon infection rate, erythrocyte infection intensity, Eperythrozoon number, amount of impurity, and Eperythrozoon movement were observed both before and after dissociation. Eperythrozoon antigen was extracted, Eperythrozoon antigen somatic protein suspension was prepared, the protein content was determined, then the dissociation effect was compared. SDS-PAGE test on Eperythrozoon antigen somatic protein was used to observe the consistent in band between the two preparations made from different method. The results showed that adding 1 mL "Shuang xiang hong lian mie" per 200 mL infection blood, reacting 36 h in 4℃, could achieve a better separation effect. Comparing with water bath method, after dissociation erythrocyte infection rate and intensity were significantly decreased, the protein content increased (high yield) and got good purity. The SDS-PAGE test results showed that the antigenic protein bands of Eperythrozoon antigen protein suspension from anthelmintic preparation in vitro were same as those from water bath method. The method of drug anthelmintic in vitro can be used for the preparation of E.ovis antigen.
Effects of Antibacterial Peptide and Antibiotics on Growth Performance in Weaned Piglets
LIU Xian-jun, DING Xue, CHEN Jing, LI Jian-tao, ZHANG Fei
2012, 39(7):  252-256. 
Abstract ( 536 )  
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In order to investigate the effect of antibacterial peptide and antibiotics on growth performance in weaned piglets, a feeding trial was conducted and 144 healthy Duroc譒andrace譟orkshire crossbred weaned piglets with an average weight of of antibiotics protease were 0, 20 mg/kg enramycin and 20 mg/kg colistin, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 d, including early period (1 to 14 d)and later period (15 to 28 d). The results showed that antibacterial peptide protease and antibiotics protease had significant effects on average daily gain (ADG),feed/gain (F/G) and diarrhea ratio during early period, later period and the whole period (P<0.05). Supplementation with 3 g/kg antibacterial peptide protease with 20 mg/kg enramycin and 20 mg/kg colistin antibiotics protease had significantly & increasing effects on ADG and decreasing effects on F/G and diarrhea ratio (P<0.05). In conclusion, antibacterial peptide and antibiotics protease could improve the growth performance of weaned piglets to some degree. And their interaction on growth performance was found.
Determination of Tulathromycinin in Injection by HPLC-ELSD Method
FAN Wei-da, CHEN Liang-zhu, HE Li-min, FANG Bing-hu
2012, 39(7):  256-259. 
Abstract ( 972 )  
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A high performance liquid chromatograph-evaporative light-scattering detector(HPLC-ELSD) was developed for the content determination of tulathromycin in injection. The sample was injectable formulation containing 50 mg/mL tulathromycin. The chromatographic condition were ODS C18(250 μm×4.6μm,5 μm).The mobile phase was 0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate with formic acid-acetonitrile(80:20), flow rate was 1 mL/min; column temperature was 25℃; evaporative light-scattering detector(ELSD): drift tube temperature was 60℃; nebulizer heater level was 60%; gas pressure was 172.4 kpa, PMT gain was 150. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.01 to 0.2 mg/mL with correlation coefficient 0.9989, the spiked recoveries at three spiked concentration levels were in the range of 96.3% to 97.8%, the RSDs were 0.6% to 0.9%. The results showed that this method was simple, quick and accurate for the content determination of tulathromycin in injection.
Study on the Mechanism of the Growth in Interest in the Healthy Industry Chain of Pig
PENG Tao, LU Feng-jun, WANG Guo-hua
2012, 39(7):  260-263. 
Abstract ( 303 )  
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Based on revealing the connotation of the mechanism of the growth in interest in the healthy industry chain of pig, the paper aims at cooperation between quality and price, uses consumer decision theory and system analysis method to analyse the structure and running method of the mechanism of the growth in interest in the healthy industry chain of pig, presents tactics such as controlling quality, monitor and management of government, building regulations, supporting of policy to guarantee the mechanism running effectively and prompt the healthy industry chain of pig to develop quickly and sustainably.
Research and Application of Miniature Pigs Models on Medical Domain
ZHANG He, WANG Cheng-li, WANG Yang, CHEN Ke-yan, SU Peng, SUN Qian
2012, 39(7):  263-266. 
Abstract ( 484 )  
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The swine are similar with human beings at the anatomy and the physiology. There are many advantages of miniature pigs models on medical domain, such as small figures, lower food consumption, more convenient management. The miniature pigs are the perfection as animal models. It has been summarized that the species of miniature pigs domestic and overseas, and the application of miniature pigs as animal models on the cardiovascular system, the digestive system, the cosmetology, the surgery, the organ transplantation and the oral cavity system.