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Table of Content

20 January 2007, Volume 34 Issue 1
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动物营养与饲料科学
The Application of Cysteamine on the Growing Function of Silver Fox in Rearing Period
WANG Zhongyan;MA Jianzhang
2007, 34(1):  5-8. 
Abstract ( 1480 )  
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To study effect of cysteamine on the growing function for silver fox in rearing period, 224 (112♂ +112♀) of two-month-old healthy silver foxes were selected, and the male weigh about 2.50 kg (P＞0.05),while the female around 2.10 kg (P＞0.05). Among them, 200 (100♂ +100♀) foxes were randomly selected for the test group, and the other 24 (12♂ +12♀) individuals were for the control group. Feeding experiments last about three months (from June 10 to August 31 in 2004). Experiment design of factor analysis, a multiple factor design, was adopted, in which two factors were repeated in experiments. Different amount of cysteamine (10 mg, 40 mg, 70 mg, 100 mg, 130 mg per kg of body weight BW) were added respectively at 5 different time intervals (1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d and 9 d). There were 12 repeats of test in control groups, and a couple of individuals for each one. Finally, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed intake were measured. Results showed that only the combination of 70 mg/kg BW of cysteamine added every 5days would produce the highest body weight gain and feed conversion ratio among total 25 combinations, meanwhile it increased by 15.08% (P<0.05) and 20.21%(P<0.01) respectively compared with those of the control group. However, feed intake of the test groups silver fox was lower than that of the control group, individuals of the combination of 70 mg/kg BW of cysteamine added every 5days decreased 4.52% (P<0.05) of feed intake compared with control group. 
Alfalfa Saponin and Its Biological Activity
HU Ming;LU Dexun;NIU Wenyi;REN Xiaoping;NA Ren;YI Jing;HE Xiuxian
2007, 34(1):  9-12. 
Abstract ( 1230 )  
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A lot of research demonstrated that the main biological activity of alfalfa saponin are effects in cholesterol metabolish and effects on protozoa. Alfalfa saponin can be used as safe additive of feed in animal industry.The research advance of biological activity and its action of alfalfa saponin were summarized.
Damage of Mycotoxins on Animals and Advances in Study on Methods of Revention
HOU Ranran; ZHANG Minhong
2007, 34(1):  13-16. 
Abstract ( 1249 )  
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This report reviews the harmful effect of the mycotoxins in feed to livestock and birds, and introduces the methods of preventing the molds and detoxifcation.
Recent Advances of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Immune Function of Poultry
LIU Lixiao;LI Shaoyu;PENG Jian
2007, 34(1):  16-19. 
Abstract ( 1793 )  
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In this paper, the recent advances of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid in immune function of poultry are presented. It included the effect of PUFA on the immune organ, humoral immune response，cellular immunity, and cytokines of poultry .In addition, the mechanisms by which PUFA might modulate immune functions are also elaborated .
The Effect of Paste-methionine-hydroxymethyl on Milk Yield and Components in Diary Cattle in the Mid-lactation
LIU Yanfeng;PAN Xiaoliang;JIANG Hui;KOU Huanqi;ZHAO Haifeng
2007, 34(1):  20-23. 
Abstract ( 1347 )  
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To research the influence of pastemethioninehydroxymethyl calcium and hydroxymethyl methionine calcium on milk yield and milk components of Holstein dairy cattle,15 individual of Holstein with highproducing in the middle stagers of lactation were arranged randomly into three groups,i.e, pastemethioninehydroxymethyl calcium(group A), hydroxymethyl methionine calcium(group B) and control(group C).Group A was adding 400 g paste-methionine-hydroxymethyl calcium and group B was 20 g hydroxymethyl methionine calcium. The results showed that the milk production in group A and group B(P<0.05) were increased by 4.97%and 3.99% respectively. Three groups had no difference(P>0.05) in intake feed. Milk fat percentage in group A and group B were significantly improved 5.26%and 3.80% respectively than group C. Whereas three groups had no differences(P>0.05)in milk protein percentage, milk sugar solids and solids-not-fat in milk. It can be concluded that Paste-hydroxymethyl -methionine calcium supplementation can advance milk production,increase milk fat percentage of dairy cattle to improve economic efficiency. 
Progress in the Study of Selenoprotein
DONG Wenfu;LI Yanhong;YUE Wenbin
2007, 34(1):  24-27. 
Abstract ( 1407 )  
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Selenoprotein is an essential micro-element in human and mammal. Its biological functions are mainly performed by selenoenzyme. In recent years, there are many reports on the feed additive-selenoprotein. This article mainly previews the general situation of selenoprotein,classification,some kinds of important selenoprotein and biological function,selenoprotein analytical methods and regulation.
添加剂与饲料
Research of the Best Manufactural Technics for New Anion Chemical Additives by Hydrochloric Acid
ZHANG Siwei;LI Changhao;LI Dan;ZHOU Lingyun;WANG Jiaqi;LUO Qiujiang
2007, 34(1):  27-30. 
Abstract ( 1863 )  
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This experiment is under the orthogonal design L9(34) arrangement, with common protein feed as carrier, the hydrochloric acid as the anion source, the DCAD value as the main evaluative index. We also take into account the content of crude protein in order to optimize the best manufactural techniques for new anion chemical additives. The result indicated that, under the actual working condition, with DDGS as carrier and the 1∶1 proportion of hydrochloric acid to water, imploying the naturelydrize method, and 1∶1.5 proportion of the acid liquor and the carrier the final product is granulated, of good smell, with the DCAD value 2126.19 meq/kg DM, crued protein content 27.28%. 
Rumen Microbial Ecosystem
MA Songcheng;CHEN Jing;MAO Huaming
2007, 34(1):  31-34. 
Abstract ( 1434 )  
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The inhabitants of the rumen microbial eco-system, a complex consortium of different microbial groups living in symbiotic relationship with the host, act synergistically for the bioconversion of feeds into volatile fatty acids which serve as a source of energy for the animals. The necessity to use molecular biology techniques for identification and characterization of rumen microbes has been emphasized in this review.
Recent Advances in the Effect of Vitamin E on Immune and Antioxident Function in Poultry
CAO Guodi;ZHAO Hengshou
2007, 34(1):  34-36. 
Abstract ( 1288 )  
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The article reviewed the recent advances of the sources, physiologic function and nutritional deficiency disease, and the important immune and antioxidant function of vitamin E in the industry of the poultry.
Determination of Yeast Polysaccharide by Anthranone-sulfuric Acid
WANG Qiuju;XU Li;CUI Yizhe;PAN Jun
2007, 34(1):  39-41. 
Abstract ( 1454 )  
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Determination of polysaccharide by anthranone-sulfuric acid has been recorded by various kinds of books, but it has not been used to estimate the yeast polysaccharide. This text was being to estimate the yeast polysaccharide by anthranone-sulfuric acid, and to grope a new way for the determination of yeast polysaccharide. Exact content of yeast polysaccharide has been gained by anthranone-sulfuric acid. The anthranone-sulfuric acid using to determinate the yeast polysaccharide is a way that is a simple、real time operation and that is easy to palmar grasp. And it has utility value for determination of polusaccharide in produce.
遗传繁育
The Influence Factors about Fertilization Rate of ICSI
ZHAO Danfeng;LIU Lijun;XU Ping;ZHANG Shouchun;ZHAO Lihu;XIE Xiayang
2007, 34(1):  55-58. 
Abstract ( 1797 )  
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This paper describes the influence factors of intracytoplasmic sperm injection, including sperm state, ovum state, oocyte activation and the manipulation. These studies will establish the basic of how to improve the technology level of ICSI.
Progress on the Cultural Methods of Mammalian Preantral Follicle
YAO Guidong;TAO Yong;ZHANG Xiaorong;CAO Haiqing
2007, 34(1):  58-61. 
Abstract ( 1505 )  
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The study on the animal preantral follicle has been made great progress recently, but there is a distance to havest good oocyte in vitro in comparison with in vivo. The efficient preantral cultural methods also play an important role in the study of preantral follicles. Recently, there are many cultural methods, such as common cultural method, twodimensional cultural method, three dimensional cultural method, and inverted cultural method; there also have individual cultural method and group cultural method according to the cultural density. We can select proper cultural method according to the specific requirement.
The Methods for Functional Genomics
HAN Diangang;XIAO Rong;XIN Jige;HAN Ganshen;XU Kunlong
2007, 34(1):  62-65. 
Abstract ( 1319 )  
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The research of genomics has been transferred from the structural genomics focusing on determining the complete sequences of the genome to the functional genomics focusing on elucidating the biological function of genes. In this paper，a brief introduction of the content of functional genomics and its mainly new technology ,such as SAGE, ESTs, SSH, microarray, bioinformatics, RNAi, proteomics and so on were summarized. Meanwhile, it reviewed the developments of functional genomics and simply previewed its prospective applications.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Part of MHC-DQA1 Gene in Different Species
GUO Xiuli;DAI Hongxing;LI Xianglong;ZHOU Rongyan;WANG Lize
2007, 34(1):  65-67. 
Abstract ( 1495 )  
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In this study, part of the MHC-DQA1 gene sequences of ovis aries, bos taurus, cervus nippon and canis familiaris were analyzed using the method of comparative genomics and bioinformatics. The genetic diversity and molecular phylogeny were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 107 polymorphic sites were detected from 38 sequences, from which 38 hapolotypes were sorted. More nucleotide diversity and amino acid diversity of MHC-DQA1 gene existed within and among species. 
The Regulation Role of Protein Kinase C during the First Meiotic Maturation in Mammalian Oocyte
ZHU Yungan
2007, 34(1):  68-71. 
Abstract ( 1390 )  
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Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases commonly distributed in eukaryotic cells. It plays a pivotal role in the regulation of germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), chromatin condensation, spindle assembly and extrusion of the first polar body. Activity of PKC regulates GVBD, which characterizes the reinitiation of Meiosis Ⅰ. The activity of PKC rises gradually during the early maturation process and descends during the shift from metaphase to anaphase, which induces the extrusion of the first polar body and characterizes the finish of Meiosis Ⅰ and the transition to Meiosis Ⅱ. Here in this article, the recent advances of research in PKC in the process of Meiosis Ⅰ during mammalian oocyte maturation is reviewed.
Research Progresses on the External Maturation Culture of Mammalian Oocyte
XIONG Zhaocheng;SU Lei
2007, 34(1):  71-74. 
Abstract ( 1355 )  
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Oocyte maturation culture technology in vitro is one of the main contents in modern biotechnology .some things have been reviewed in this paper,including controlling mechanisms of oocyte maturation in vitro,structural changes during oocyte maturation in vitro,main factors influencing oocyte maturation in vitro,existing issues and so on.
Influence of Epidermal Growth Factor on the Nuclear and Cytoplasm Maturation of Buffalo Oocytes in Vitro Culture
FENG Guixue;BIAN Guihua;WANG Xiaoli;SHI Deshun
2007, 34(1):  75-78. 
Abstract ( 1740 )  
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To examine the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on the nuclear and cytoplasm maturation of buffalo oocytes in vitro culture. After the buffalo oocytes were matured in vitro for 24~26 h in TCM199 control medium supplied with EGF（0, 10, 25, 50, 100 ng/ml）, the first polar body (PB1) formation was assessed, then the oocytes were activated by 6dimethylaminopurine combined with ionomycin, examining the cleavage rate、blastocyst development rate and the number of blastocyst by staining with Hoechst33342. Adding EGF to the culture medium improved the nuclear maturation rate of buffalo oocytes significantly (P<0.05). The cleavage rate, blastocyst development rate and blastocyst hatching rate adding 25 ng/ml EGF to medium group were significantly higher than those in control group; but there were no significant difference in the number of cells of blastocyst. EGF can improve the effect of maturation of nuclear and cytoplasm of buffalo oocytes in vitro culture, and the best concentration of EGF was 25 ng/ml.
生理生化
Epididymal Functions and its Influence on Sperm Maturation
LI Lin;ZHOU Lihua;REN Dongren;XING Yuyun;CHEN Congying
2007, 34(1):  79-82. 
Abstract ( 1768 )  
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Mammalian epididymis offers a specific microenvironment for sperm maturation and plays a critical role in the reproductive process via the sperm maturation, protection, transportion and storage. The functions of epididymal epithelial cell on synthesis, secretion and transportion contribute to the series of changes in sperm structure, biological and functional role, and make sperm acquire the abilities of fertilization and motility. Structure and function of epididymis and its influence to sperm maturation were summarized in this article.
疾病防治
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Fuzhou Strain) ORF2-7 Gene
WEI Hong;LIN Fengqiang;ZHOU Lunjiang;WANG Longbo;ZHUANG Xiangsheng
2007, 34(1):  82-85. 
Abstract ( 1766 )  
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5 cDNA fragments of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) FZ strain were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned into pMD-18T vector respectively and sequenced. ORF2-7 nucleotide sequence of genome of PRRSV FZ strain was obtained by spicing sequence of each fragment in order. The results showed that this sequence was 3272 bp in length. Compared with BJ-4、CH-1a and HB-1strain,the homology was 99.1%、98.9%、93.2% and 93.2% respectively.
The Studies on Diagnosing of CSFV、PRRSV and PCV-2 Mixed Infection in Clinic Suspected Samples by Polymerase Chain Reaction Method
WU Zhiming;YAN Ruoqian;ZHAO Mingjun;SHENG Min;ZHAO Xueli;ZHAO Deming
2007, 34(1):  86-89. 
Abstract ( 1333 )  
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The pathogenic detection of classical swine fever virus(CSFV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) in 60 clinic suspected samples collected from 6 farms of Henan province were carried out by PCR method using the CSFV-PRRSV multiplePCR detection kit and PCV-2 detection kit provided. The detection results revealed that: the positive rate of CSFV,PRRSV and PCV-2 among 60 samples was 38.3%,30% and 43.3%, respectively; the CSFV-PRRSV-PCV-2 mixed infection rate among 60 samples was 13.3%, and the CSFV-PCV-2, PRRSV-PCV-2, CSFV-PRRSV double infection rate among 60 samples was 31.7%，18.3%, 15%, respectively. Three kinds of Virus could be detected both from viscera and serum samples of pigs. Our research results suggested that the PCR could be used as a rapid and sensitive pathogenic detection method for clinic diagnosing CSFV, PRRSV, PCV-2 infection in pig, and the results would also lay a foundation for the further studies on the epidemiology and detection method of the diseases caused by the three kinds of virus. 
Isolation and Biological Characterization of Orf Virus
LUO Yun;SHEN Zhiyi
2007, 34(1):  94-96. 
Abstract ( 1820 )  
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From the scab of the sick sheep ，one strain of virus was isolated using Calf Testicle cell and BK cell，then,it was not taken cell passaged until the CPE is order .the recurrent infection,replication test, Aether and Chloroformstability test,and other biological property,electrongraph test proved it was Orf virus.
Epidemiological Study and Comprehensive Diagnosis of the Co-infection of PCV-2 with PRRSV
WANG Tianhu;LOU Zhongzi;LIU Sidang
2007, 34(1):  98-100. 
Abstract ( 1514 )  
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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) are two immunosuppressive diseases which are greatly endangering swine in recent years. In order to study the epidemiology of co-infection of natural cases, we detect 237clinical cases from 78 breeding farms which in Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu province, and find that the positive rate is almost 20.2%. The co-infection of two viruses is becoming the main swine diseases in the region. The main purpose of this article is to investigate and analyse the condition of co-infection in the region, the clinical show and pathological changes systematically. 
The Pathological Diagnosis of Chicken Encephalomyelitis
LI Xinhai;WANG Bing;ZHU Zhengqiang
2007, 34(1):  101-103. 
Abstract ( 1434 )  
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One chicken farmer sent me ten diseased chickens of 17day old. I was told there are altogether 5,100 chickens in the farm. The disease occurred from 2 days old. A few died on the third day. Death of chickens increased during 6 to 7 days period. About 20 died each day. More chickens died among the 12day old, with about 100 each day. The clinical signs are: progressive ataxia to paralysis, tremor of the head and neck, legs sitting on hocks and falling onto its side, and chirming. In order to further confirm and find out more efficient cure methods, the author anatomized chickens of this case, and applied methods of specimen, serology, and pathology, etc. Considering factors of dates of disease, clinical signs, pathological changes, and ELISA tests, the author diagnosed that the blood serum sample from delivered chickens are avian encephalomyelitis. 
Studies on the Decreasing and Increasing Rule of Serum-antibody andYolk-antibody Titers in Laying Hens Vaccinated with Avian Influenza Oil-emulsion Killed Bivalent Vaccines
XI Wenping;LI Jixuan;YUE Jianxin;YAN Ruoqian
2007, 34(1):  103-105. 
Abstract ( 1821 )  
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The haemoglutination inhibition test were carried out for supervising the decreasing and increasing rule of serumantibody and yolkantibody titers of serum and yolk samples collected on 0、7、14、21、28、35 days from the 160days old preunimmunized laying hens after being immunized with avian influenza oilemulsion bivalent (H5 and H9) inactivated vaccines. The results revealed that the H5, H9 Serumantibody HI titer was first appeared on the 7th day, and the midHI titer was appeared on the 14th day, and the peak HI titer was maintained from the 21th day to and after the 35th day. Comparing with the Serum-antibody, the appearance of yolk-antibody titers was relatively hanged behind about 7 days, and the peak HI titers of both Serum-antibody and yolk-antibody were appeared on 28th day and sustained till and after 35th day, and the HI titers of yolk-antibody was also corresponding with that of Serum -antibody from the 28th day. Our results suggested that the HI titers of yolk-antibody could be used as the substitution of Serum -antibody after the lay hen immunized 28 days. The result was also laid a foundation for further studies and using the yolk antibodies (IgY) of AI. 
流行病防治
Simultaneous Determination of Four Fluoroquinolone Residues in Broilers Tissues
LIU Bojing
2007, 34(1):  112-115. 
Abstract ( 1410 )  
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An high performance liquid chromatographic method with a fluorescence detector was established to determine four fluoroquinolone residues in broilers tissues. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: HP StableBond C18column(5 μm，250 mm×4.6 mm) was used at 30℃ with 15 mmol//L tetrabutylammonium bromide solution (pH3.0)-acetonitrile(94:6,v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, At the excitation wavelength of 280 nm and emission wavelength of 460 nm . The detection limit for broilers tissues was 0.92 μg/kg. The linear range was from 5.00~100.00 μg/mg, And correlation coefficients were more than 0.9998. At the levels of 10, 50 and 100 μg/kg, The recoveloped can meet the requirement for residue analysis.
The Present Advancement on the Study of African Swine Fever Virus
CHANG Hua;HUA Qunyi;DUAN Gang;XIANG Xun;ZENG Zhaowen
2007, 34(1):  116-118. 
Abstract ( 1398 )  
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African swine fever (ASF) caused by African Swine Fever virus is characterised by acute, high fever, the height contacts infective disease.ASF is dangerous because of its highly infectious nature, variety of means of spreading, high mortality rate ,almost 100% and the lack of specific treatment or vaccine. African swine fever is very similar to classical swine fever, but there are not the same pathogeny . These diseases can not be distinguished during the diagnosing, in order to further understand this disease, this text surveies etiology、epidemiology、clinical symptom 、differential diagnosis and current situation of our country, which offered the foundation for diagnosing this disease.
Study on Detection I Integron of Multidrug Resistace Pathogenic Salmonella from Chicken
LI Chengzhong;WANG Hongning;HUANG Yong;MA Menggen;WU Qi;YANG Yunfei;XIE Tao;LIU Ping
2007, 34(1):  119-123. 
Abstract ( 1966 )  
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Antimicrobial resistance test of 19 samonella isolates was done by disc dilution method(NCCLS 2003).According to the construction of I integron , The drugresistance rate of amikacin,kanamycin, gentamicin,neomycin ,streptomycin, ampicillin, doxycycline，norfloxacin, ceftriaxone, chloramphenicol, sulfafurazole, tetracycline, cefazolin，was 5.26%,63.16%,47.37%,36.84%,84.21%,84.2%,100%,57.9%,5.26%,52.6%,89.47%,100%, 26.3% respectively. Most of the isolates were multidrug resistance and the rate was 84.21%(16/19).Among the total of the multidrugresistance isolates,the rate of resistance to five ,six, seven, eight ,nine and ten drugs was 10.53%，5.26%，15.79%，21.05%，15.79%， 15.79%. PCR was employed to amplify I integron and analysis the relationship between I integron and multidrug resistance. 3 pairs of primer was design to amplify I integron's intI1 gene, variable segment and 3'conserved segment. As a result, we amplified several fragments with different length from 750 to 2000 bp. Among these 19 isolates, the detection rate of I integron was 73.68%（14/19）; and among these 16 isolates which had been proven multidrugresistant,the detection rate of I integron was 87.5%.The I integron positive isolates' rate of multidrugresistance was 100%(14/14) . The results shows I integron obviously has the relationship with multidrug resistance . 
动物生产
Effects of the Goat Placenta-peptide on Immune Function in Canine
WANG Shanhui;GE Lijiang
2007, 34(1):  143-145. 
Abstract ( 1721 )  
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Puppys(n=24)were divided randomly into 4 groups ,one control group (n=6)and three experimental groups(n=6) .the blood samples were collected at day 1 before and after the goat placenta peptide were given for 10 days , and the number of the white blood cell ,the ANAE+,the content of the globulin and the activity of lysozyme in serum were determined .The results showed the number of the white blood cell ,the ANAE+,the content of the globulin and the activity of lysozyme in serum at day 1 after the utilization of the goat placenta peptide for 10 days were higher than those at day 1 before the utlization. These index in the medium- dose group and large-dose group were increased significantly（P＜0.05，P＜0.01）.These data suggested that the goat placenta peptide could enhance the immune function in dogs . 
A Simple Method to Make the Aritifical Vigna for Rahbit Sperm Collection
ZHAO Lihu;ZHAO Danfeng;LIU Lijun;ZHANG Chunyan;DI Min;XIE Xiayang;ZHANG Shouchun;XU Ping
2007, 34(1):  147-149. 
Abstract ( 2565 )  
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Objective The aim of this study was to introduce a simple method of making an artifical vergina using for rabbit sperm collection. Methods Some materials that are easily available under an experimental circumstance have been organized and made into artifical vagina by hand. Results The homemade artifical vagina was tested easy used and well-worked. Conclusion This method is proved simple and effective in the artificial insemination on Japanese big ear rabbit.