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Table of Content

20 March 2008, Volume 35 Issue 3
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动物营养与饲料科学
The Research Development of Molecular Biological Techniques of Gastrointestinal Microbiota
YU Ping;WANG Jia-qi;BU Deng-pan;HE Yun-xia;WEI Hong-yang;ZHOU Ling-yun;LIU Hui
2008, 1(3):  5-8. 
Abstract ( 1389 )  
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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota of mammals is characterized by its high population density, wide diversity and complexity of interactions. The microbiota have a profound influence on nutritional, physiological and immunological processes in the host animal. Here, a summary of current molecular ecological approaches for studying the GI microbiota and discusses future directions was provided.
Effects of Supplemental Schiff’s Base of Lysine on Flow of Free Amino Acids and Protein to the Small Intestine by Sheep
YANG Kai-lun;NIU Chao-feng;LIU Na-na;HU Jian-yong
2008, 1(3):  9-12. 
Abstract ( 1937 )  
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Four male China merino(Xinjiang type) fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were used in a 4×4 Latin square design trial to study the effect of supplemental Schiff’s base of lysine 3.42 g/d, 6.84 g/d(the content of lysine is 2 g and 4 g respectively) and L-lysine-HCL 2.56 g , 5.12 g/d(the content of lysine is 2 g and 4 g respectively) on the flow of protein and liquid free amino acids to the small intestine. The results indicated that 6.84 g/sheep/d Schiff’s base of lysine equal to 4 g free lysine increased flow of Lys, Glu and Tyr to the small intestine by 25.17%, 38.35% and 33.88%（P<0.05） respectively. Flows of other free amino acids to the small intestine were not affected by supplementing with Schiff's base of lysine. Supplementing Schiff’s base of lysine did not affect crude protein intake, microbial protein synthesis and flow of rumen undegradable protein to the small intestine. Therefore, supplementing Schiff’s base of lysine could increase the flow of free lysine to the small intestine of sheep and this depended on the dosage of Schiff’s base of lysine.
Effect of Different Copper Sources and Levels on Tissue Copper Contents and Sernm Copper Enzyme of Growing Pigs
GAO Feng-xian;TIAN Ke-xiong;FANG Re-jun;ZHONG Yuan-chun
2008, 1(3):  13-17. 
Abstract ( 1321 )  
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A total of 54 crossbred growth pigs (Danish×Landrace×Yarksire) at about 17 kg body weight were randomly assigned into 9 treatments (each of which included 3 replicates with 2 growth pigs),it was conducted to study effects of three kinds of copper resources in different levels on tissue copper contents and blood biochemical traits of growing Pigs.The 9 treatments dietary were added with 10 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg copper from CuSO4,TBCC and Cu-AA in basic dietary respectively. Results showed that it had nosignificantly difference among the different 3 resources and 3 copper levels in ADG and feed∶gain(P＞0.05)；The liver and kindey copper contents were increased with the increase of the copper supplementation ( P<0.01),It was great higher in the heart copper content of growing pigs with the 250 mg/kg Cu dietary than with the 150 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg Cu dietary. It was great higher in serum CP activity with high levels copper(P<0.01). It was increased SOD activity with level of 150 mg/kg Cu(P<0.05); it was decreased mucle tissue copper content with copper from CuSO4, it was increased serum CP activity with the resource of AA-Cu(P<0.01).
The Mechanism and the Application of Probiotics in Modern Livestock Production
LUO Hui;YANG Yong;YU Hong-yi
2008, 1(3):  17-20. 
Abstract ( 1722 )  
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Most of the diseases caused by bacteria are cureed by antibiotics at present, but the misuse of antibacterial already lead to drug resistance, it's bad for the treatment of diseases and may be a hidden trouble to human health. It is prerequisite for us to look for the substitute for antibacterial; meanwhile probiotics, with its own characteristic, is becoming to play an important role in feed additive as the replacement of antibacterial, and it has uncountable effect on the development of stockbreeding. This paper stress on the choice of the strain,mechanism and the measurement of improvement of the probiotics.
Progress of Research on Assessment of Feed Probiotic Products
ZHANG Lu;ZHANG Min-hong
2008, 1(3):  21-24. 
Abstract ( 1365 )  
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Feed probiotics which can beneficially influence the health of the host，are viable bacteria used widely in feed industry．Problems that exist in the processing and the application of feed probiotics，as well as the progress of feed probiotic products assessment were summarized in this paper. According to similarities and differences in gastrointestinal tract of human，livestock and poultry，potential indexes which can be used for assessing feed porbiotic products were put forward based on guidelines for the evaluation of probiotics in food．
生物技术
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Melatonin Receptor 1A from Arctic Fox and Silver Fox
YAN Shou-qing;WANG Hui-fang;ZHU Wan-ju 
2008, 1(3):  24-26. 
Abstract ( 2036 )  
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A pair of primers were designed to amplify the sequences of melatonin receptor 1A from arctic fox and silver fox according to the sequence homology of MTNR1A from other animal species. PCR product was separated, purified and cloned with the pUCm-T vector. The cloned sequences were 546 bp in length(GenBank Accession No. EU170442 and EU170443). The homology of the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence was 99.1% and 99.4% between arctic fox and silver fox, respectively. They had 84% to 86% homology to MTNR1A sequences of human, mouse and sheep, and 74% to MTNR1A sequence of chicken.
The Types, Characteristics and Applications of Real-Time Fluoescent Quantitative PCR Techniques
YUAN Ya-nan;LIU Wen-zhong
2008, 1(3):  27-30. 
Abstract ( 1445 )  
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Realtime fluorescent quantitative PCR is a kind of technique that can quantify the nucleic acid on different fluorescence, and due to its high sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity. This technique can be classified into SYBR GreenⅠ, TaqMan, molecular beacon, complex probes and other methods based on the action modes of fluorescences. Some of the methods' principles, advantages as well as disadvantages were described in this paper respectively, and they can be applied in different fields of animal and veterinary sciences according to their different characters so as to acquire the best detection efficiency. 
遗传繁育
Studies on Porcine Oocyte in Vitro Maturation and Parthenogenetic Activation
XI Hai-tao;ZHANG Yun-hai;LIU Ya;ZHANG Mei-lin;TAO Yong;ZHANG Xiao-rong
2008, 1(3):  31-34. 
Abstract ( 1464 )  
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The purposes of the present study were to evaluate cold storage of maturation medium on nuclear maturation, subsequent development in vitro of these oocytes after parthenogenetic activation, and to determine an optimal protocol for porcine oocyte activation. The results were as following: ①Death rate of oocytes after electrical stimulation was significantly higher in group of 1.4 kv/cm,100μs,1DC than that in group of 2.0 kv/cm,30μs,1DC or in group of 2.0 kv/cm,60μs,1DC. The rates of cleavage and blastocyst formation，however， were similar among these goups. ②When chemicals: inomycin and 6-DMAP were used as activation agents, the cleavage and blastocyst rates were both poorer than when electrical stimulation was used. ③After 6 replicates, we found that the rates of nuclear maturation, cleavage, blastocyst formation were all similar between oocytes matured in culture media prepared from cold storage in -20℃ and 4℃. In conclusion, optimal activation protocol was determined and cold storage of maturation medium under -20℃ is feasible without compromising developmental competence of porcine oocytes.
Detection of the FecX-L Mutation of BMP15 Gene in Goats
XIAO Jie-wen;CHU Ming-xing;LI Xue-wei;FANG Li
2008, 1(3):  35-38. 
Abstract ( 1857 )  
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The FecXL mutation of BMP15 gene was detected in both high fecundity breeds (Jining Grey, Boer and Wendeng Dairy goats) and low fecundity breeds (Inner Mongolia Cashmere, Angora and Liaoning Cashmere goats) by PCR-SSCP. The results indicated that none of the six goat breeds carried the same FecX-L mutation (C53Y) of the BMP15 gene as Lacaune sheep. So, the FecX-L mutation of BMP15 gene that had significant effect on fecundity of Lacaune sheep had no significant effect on prolificacy of Jining Grey goats. 
Progress on Studies of the Relative Genes on Sperm Quality
HUAI Ya-hong;;WANG Shu-hui;XU Shang-zhong;;GAO Xue;REN Hong-yan;CHEN Jin-bao
2008, 1(3):  38-42. 
Abstract ( 1334 )  
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Bull sperm quality is relative on not only breeding level but also genetic base. The bulls which are feeble sperm and no sperm badly affect the economic benefit of the raisers. To know the genetic mechanism of sperm quality and produce high quality sperm, spermatogenesis course was studied through some genes. Some genes and gene families which were involved in differential cell differentiation course were introduced, including tsMCAK, Mina 53 and TLF gene, and so on. Further more, the progress of the transfer factor gene, cell cycle genes, original cancer gene and cell languish gene on spermatogenesis were discussed. This paper aims to offer some referenced information for these workers which engage in this field and discuss to how to study the genetic base of the sperm quality in the future.
The Signaling of TGF-β Superfamily and the Effect on Ovarian Development
LI Zhen-zu;DONG Chuan-he;LI Hong-bin;DU Li-xin
2008, 1(3):  43-46. 
Abstract ( 1346 )  
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The TGF-β(Transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β) super family is a large group of structurally related growth factors, can regulate a variety of celluler processes. Recently, the growth factors belonging to TGF-βsuper family are expressed by ovarian somatic cells and oocytes in a stage-related manner as the development of ovarian. These growth factors can regulate the development of ovarian follicle. The mutation of BMP15 and GDF9 could effect the function of ovarian follicle or result in stetility.
The Analysis of Main Cashmere Fiber Traits of China Cashmere Goats
MA Ning;MEN Xiao-ming;JIANG Huai-zhi
2008, 1(3):  47-53. 
Abstract ( 2016 )  
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As a precious textile fiber, the cashmere produced by China Cashmere Goats was the best one around the world. And China Cashmere Goats have become the firstclass genetic resources protected. In order to effectively protect the genetic resources, it must be done as a kind of basic work to study and evaluate the main feature of cashmere. Therefore, to detect and

study the qualitative traits of cashmere was the major task of protecting China Cashmere Goats. According to the results of the research project “the research on genetic diversity of Chinese Cashmere Goats and fiber traits of the cashmere produced by them”, this paper described the general characteristic of fiber traits of cashmere produced by the ewes from the 10 different provinces (different breeds) around the country. The digital information in the results indicated that the fiber average diameter of cashmere produced by China Cashmere Goats distributed among 15.0～16.0μm and the convergent phenomena of fiber average diameter among the different breeds were founded. The main reasons of the convergent phenomena were the genetic correlation between fiber diameter and fiber length or down production and pursuing greedily down production or ignoring the selection of fiber diameter. Finally, this paper suggested that the fiber traits of cashmere must be as the major objects protected of China Cashmere Goat and fixing price according to quality of cashmere could ensure fiber diameter not to increase. This was the basic work of establishing the effective mechanism of protecting genetic resources of cashmere goats in China. 
〖WT5”HZ

奶业专栏
Dietary Cationanion Balance and its Application Research on Dairy Cow Production
ZANG Chang-jiang;;WANG Jian-qi;BU Deng-pan;ZHOU Zhen-feng;GUO Wei-jie;;WANG Chuan-rong;WANG Jin-zhi;WEI Hong-yang;ZHOU Ling-yun;LUO Qin-jiang
2008, 1(3):  57-61. 
Abstract ( 1843 )  
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Supplement with anions and cations had significant effect on normal production and dairy cow health. It not only affect many physiological indicators, including body fluid acid-base balance and osmotic pressure, body of the metabolic activities, but also increase the feed intake and milk production on the condition of appropriate addition of acid-base. In addition, it was effective in preventing postpartum dairy cattle diseases such as paralysis. The author summaries the application of DCAB on the dairy cow production and provides a theoretical basis for rational application on production practice.
Effect of Anionic Salts on the Milk Cow in the Late Drying Period
LI Chun-feng;QI Mei-yu;SUN Jin-yan
2008, 1(3):  68-70. 
Abstract ( 1910 )  
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18 China Holstein in the late drying period were divided into five group. Each group(6 cows each)was fed on one of the following five diets in order to discuss the effect on the cow's performence:the conventional diet (control group), low dietary cation-anion balance diet(DCAB,added with anionic salt,group Ⅱ),and low DCAB diet plus calcium(groupⅠ). Compared with the control group , feed intake of dry matter in the cocentrate was decreased in the treatment group Ⅱ.But for the other components and mild yield,there were no difference（P>0.05）.
疾病防治
Advancement of Diagnostic Technology in Porcine Circovirus Type 2
WEI Juan;LI Wen-gang;;ZHENG Bao-liang;ZHENG Ming;WU Feng-sun;WANG Xin;GAO Wei-ke;YANG Hui-min;WU Gao-feng;TANG Gui-fen
2008, 1(3):  71-74. 
Abstract ( 1885 )  
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Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) is the smallest animal virus and it is not only the cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), but also involve with several diseases which just as porcine dermatitis nephropathy syndrome (PDNS),congenital thrill(CT)and porcine hyperplasia putrescence pneumonia(PHPP). PCV-2 caused huge effects on world pig industry.This article from the immunology,the molecular biology aspect summarized the current domestic and foreign PCV-2 commonly used each kind of diagnosis method research progress,will be advantageous for our next research.
Isolation and Identification of Duck Hepatitis Virus
ZHOU Zhen-hui;LI Yu-bing;YANG Xin-jian;XIANG Shuang-yun;CAO Jin-yuan;TIAN Jin;TIAN Lu;NIE Chang-kun
2008, 1(3):  75-76. 
Abstract ( 2001 )  
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Livers of diseased ducks in Beijing district were made disease materials. Disease materials were inoculated in 9 to 11 days chicken embryo allantoid cavity. The results showed that isolation virus strains made chicken embryo stunt, embryo claws grew abnormality, livers of chicken embryo became green. Animal test indicated that the death rate of ducks of 2 days were 100% during 2 or 3 days, and clinical symptoms and pathological changes were consistent with nature disease ducks after inoculating the virus. Isolation virus strains isn,t susceptible to chloroform and CPE isn,t obvious through inoculating embryo fibre cells. Blood serum test proved that the serotype of the virus was the typeⅠand virulence was very strong.
A Survey of Co-infection with SIV and PRRSV，CSFV，PCV-2，PRV，HPS in Guangxi
QIN Shao-min;LIANG An-li;WANG Yuang-jie;XIANG Hui;HUANG Hong-mei;
2008, 1(3):  77-80. 
Abstract ( 1552 )  
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Detection for Immunity Duration of Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis Disease (M41strain) Combined Inactive Vaccine
WANG Xin-wei;LIU Yong-bing;WANG Ze-lin
2008, 1(3):  80-82. 
Abstract ( 1427 )  
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Infectious Bronchitis which can cause acute, highly contact disease of the respiratory, digestive and genitourinary tract of chicken, has posed a serious threat on our poultry industry. While the Newcastle Disease has been the most of principal enemy to China’s chicken industry over the years. Vaccine immunization is internationally recognized as a prevention way of the two diseases. In this experiment, the dual inactivated vaccine Newcastle Disease and Infectious Bronchitis was made and used to immune the 28-day-old chick and 120-day-old hen. Then ND and IB antibody value was evaluated by using HI test. The results indicated that the vaccine’s immunization period is two months to susceptible chicken and three months to open prenatal hen. This provided practical evidence for clinical use of the vaccine.
Selection of Chinese Medicine which has Inhibitory Action Against Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases
SHI Ke;JIA Yan-hua;WU Hua;LI Sheng-li;YANG Liang;HU Gong-zheng
2008, 1(3):  83-85. 
Abstract ( 1402 )  
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Minimal inhibitory concentration of 8 selected chiese medicine to E coli in fowl which produce extendedspectrum βLactamases (ESBLs) were measured in order to select ones which have inhibitory action to ESBLs. The result showed that the 8 selected Chinese medicine all have bacteriostatic action on different degrees. Forsythia suspensa and paeoniae alba have higher action. According to the result of this experience, forsythia suspensa and paeoniae alba can be the effective measure to control the infection of E coli.
The Development of New Dosage Form of Veterinary Drugs
LI Li-jie;QIAO Yan-liang;YAN Xiang-hua
2008, 1(3):  85-87. 
Abstract ( 1401 )  
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Overview the currently prevailing new dosage form of veterinary drugs both in and out of China, which mainly focus on controlled release dosage form and liposome, then transdermal-drug delivery system, cyclodextrin inclusion compound, solid dispersion, etc. And briefly analysed the develop trend of new dosage form of veterinary drugs.
The Application of Chinese Herbal Additives on Animal Production
FENG Bing-fu;;ZHAO Xin-quan
2008, 1(3):  88-90. 
Abstract ( 1305 )  
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Chinese herbal additives have double functions of nutrition and medicine, and become more and more important in animal production. In this paper the functions, problems, and developing prospects of Chinese herbal additives were summarized.
Isolation and Identification and Antibiotics Sensitivity of Avian Escherichia coli in Huai’an
YAN Jun;QI xin-gui;JIANG Suo-jun;XU Jing;HUANG Wen-jin
2008, 1(3):  93-96. 
Abstract ( 1362 )  
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From 150 dead poultry which have representative colibacillosis at the veterinary station animal clinic in eight counties , Huai'an. 112 colibacillosis are separated and identified. There are 92 case-hardened and 24 serogroups which includes 20 O18 isolates, 14 O78 isolates,11 O1 isolates,10 O5isolates. The four serogroups colibacillosis take the percentage 60% of 92 isolates.Antibiotic susceptibility shows that colibacillosis separated have higher drug resistance to Fluoroquinolones,Sulfamethoxazole, Trimethoprim-sulfamethpxazole, Ampicillin, Amoxilline, and also definite character to Gentamicin, Kanamycin, Cetemezin, however, it has only 3%～16.3% percentage of drug resistance to Cefalexin, Amikacin, Amoxilline-clavulanic acid, Florfenicol and Phosphonomycin.
Advances in Diagnosis, Prevention and Cure of Heartworm Disease
HUANG Hong-song;HU Deng-feng;WANG Cheng-dong;YANG Zhi;YANG Guang-you
2008, 1(3):  103-105. 
Abstract ( 999 )  
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As a important zoonosis，heartworm disease has a bad influence in companion and wildlife animals．The review summarized the recent development on diagnosis，prevention and cure of heartworm disease．Meanwhile，in order to prevention and control this disease the developmental trend and preventative focus were discussed．
The Artificial Infection of Infectious Laryngotracheitis in Chickens
XIE Fei;HAO Man-liang;WANG Shen-xing;WANG Wei-yu 
2008, 1(3):  106-109. 
Abstract ( 1721 )  
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In order to establish pathological model of chickens’ infectious laryngotracheitis by artificial infection with simulating natural methods. 80 days old Jingfen chickens were randomly divided into 1 blank control group and 3 experimental groups with 10-4,10-5,10-6 dosages, 20 chickens per group in this paper. The chickens’ infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV) was droped into chickens’ larynx and trachea through mouth. To be observed the clinical results and statistic the incidence of the disease and the mortality. The results indicate that the 10-4group’s delitescence was 1～8 days,incidence of the disease was 100%, death rate was 10%； the 10-5group’s delitescence was 2～8 days,incidence of the disease was 100%, death rate was 5%； the 10-6group’s delitescence was 4～9 days,incidence of the disease was 90%, death rate was 0%. Per experimental group all can show the same clinical symptoms and pathologic symptom. But the 10-5group is more typical and accord ing with natural infection. So the 10-5group can be used as the artificial pathologic model.
Changes and Drug Sensitiveness of Microbial Population in Intestinal Tract of Canine Distemper
LIU Xu-chuan;WANG Sheng-kui;YANG Jian-kang;YANG Heng-bo
2008, 1(3):  109-110. 
Abstract ( 1313 )  
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Canine distemper is a kind of highly fatal disease of caninidae, which prevent the development of canine breeding seriously. This experiment includes blood normal detection、bacterial isolated culture and initial identification, susceptibility test，the materials were gained from canine of yunnan agricultural university animal hospital,which was infected with coninedistemper enterites. the results showed that count of RBC increase will lead to seriousinfection, and count of WBC drop off also exist infection. The Esherichia coli and Salmoella were major pathogenic bacterium,they were sensitive to most medicine drug, such as cefotaxime, cefalotine and so on, so cant be used for treating.
公共卫生
The Determination Method of Heavy Metal Contamination in Beijing
DENG Gui-xin;HUA Jing;ZHANG Shu-ping
2008, 1(3):  123-125. 
Abstract ( 1748 )  
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Environmental contamination by toxic heavy metal has become a major healthy problem for human in beijing. Hence it is urgently required for determination method of heavy metal residue. The 5 new methods of enviromental contamination and immunoassay mode of heavy metal were summarized in this paper as well as its prospect of the market use.
动物生产
The Development of Research on Immunosuppression of Mycotoxin
GE Na;YUAN Hui
2008, 1(3):  126-128. 
Abstract ( 1333 )  
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Mycotoxin is the poisonous metabolite of mold. All of the hazardness, the most important is that it can inhibit the immune function of animal body, cause growth torpidity and performance degression, cut down the counteract ability of disease, and result in further loss in economy. Meanwhile there is coordinate repression among mycotoxin to immune system. The aim of this article is to make a general account of immunosuppression to animal body of some cardinal mycotoxin in feedstuff.