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Table of Content
20 August 2008, Volume 35 Issue 8
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热点聚焦
Revelation to China Incidental to South Korean Political Crisis Triggered by Lifting of the US Beef Ban
GAO Yan-sheng
2008, 1(8): 5-8.
Abstract
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Scrutiny of the cause behind the political crisis triggered by South Korea lifting of US beef ban, can be of important revelation significance for China in that South Korean US beef ban agitation has provided us with experience regarding how to scientifically avert the entry of bovine spongiform encephalopathy(BSE; mad cow disease) into our country, as well as how to handle the lifting of beef import restriction. First, BSE has become a socioeconomic issue associated with the economic security and political stability of a State; secondly, BSE is a scientific issue, and any decision regarding international trade involving BSE should be based on science; thirdly, we should be vigilant against the US utilizing various diplomatic leverage to forcefully impose political means in resolving BSE trade dispute; fourthly, we should opportunely amend our disease control policy in line with updated BSE scientific evidence and international epidemiological situation, and thus put ourselves in an advantageous position in handling the lifting of beef ban, with an aim to maximize the safeguarding of national interest; fifthly, we should persist in the correct guidance of public opinion, disseminate scientific knowledge of BSE and augment public capacity to withstand psychological stress.
动物营养与饲料科学
Effects of Dietary Nutrient Level on Slaughter Performance and Partial Meat Quality Indices of Yellow feathered Broiler
LIN Shu-qin;LI Jin-lu;SHI Zhao-guo;WEI Shi-lai;SHEN Yu-yi
2008, 1(8): 9-13.
Abstract
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3211
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To study the effects of dietary nutrient level on slaughter performance and meat quality indices of yellow-feathered broiler, two stages of feeding experiments with Gansu yellow broiler of 0～4 week-age and 5～14 week-age were conducted. Yellow broilers were divided into A, B, C in the first stage, and the B were into BH, B, BL in the second stage, with nutrient level 100%, 90%, 80% of Chinese feeding standard of broiler (1986). Carcass determination and meat quality analysis results showed that all absolute slaughter indices of group A were highest, except for thigh weight and abodominal fat percentage, significantly higher than those of group B, BL and C (P<0.05); there was no significant difference between any other groups (P>0.05). Of the relative slaughter indices, dressed percentage, half-eviscerated yield percentage and abdominal fat percentage of group A were highest, signifcantly higher than those of group BL (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between any other groups (P>0.05). With nutrient level increased, abdominal fat percentage and dry matter content of breast muscle increased, and water loss rate of breast muscle decreased. Either breast muscle or leg muscle, all meat quality indices including pH at 45 minute, pH at 24 hour, dry matter content, water loss rate and water-binding capacity between any groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05).
Effects of Active Ovalbumin on Growth Performance and pH Value of Intestinal Tract for Early Weaned Piglets
WANG Ling;PU Wan-xia;MENG Xiao-qin;ZHAXI Ying-pai;GUO Fu-cun;DENG Hai-ping
2008, 1(8): 17-20.
Abstract
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2793
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In the experiments 36 threeway crossbred [ Duroc×( Landrace×Yorkshire ) ] piglets weaned at 28 days, average initial weight 5.22±0.89 kg, randomly divided into 2 groups, namely active ovalbumin group ( AEWP group ) and control group, each group had 3 replicates and with 6 piglets in it. Control group feeding basal diets, the AEWP group treated with active ovalbumin at 10 ml level to each piglet for 10 days ( from 5 days before weaning to 5 days after weaning ). The experiments was designed to study the effects of active ovalbumin on growth performance, diarrhea rate and pH value of different intestines for piglets. The results indicated the active ovalbumin could increased average daily gain ( ADG ), feed intake and growth for piglets, growth performance had improved significantly. Secondly the active ovalbumin had better advantage on phase increase weight and trend on heighten growth rate, had preferable effect for the alimentary tract diseases of piglets, could heighten livability for weaned piglets, vast scale decline in diarrhea rate and delay diarrhea relative to control group. So it was concluded the active ovalbumin could help to improve performance and reduce diarrhae rate for early weaned piglets，had effect to fall the pH value of intestinal tract.
The Effects of Dietary Energy,Crude Protein and Sulphur Amino Acids on Performances of Cenxi Chicks
CHEN Xiang-lin;HUANG Lan-zhen;TAN Ben-jie;ZHOU Yan-wei
2008, 1(8): 21-23.
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1080 one day old female Cenxi chicks were randomly divided into 9 groups with 40 birds each, chicks were fed designed diets for six weeks from 0 to 6 weeks of age feed intake ,body weight gain were recorded weekly. The results showed that body weight gain were increased and feed to gain ratio was improved by higher energy level（P<0.05）, the results suggested that the optimum level of dietary energy, crude protein and sulphur amino acids for his period of Cenxi chicks is 12.13 MJ/kg,20% and 0.97%.
生理生化
Progress on Immunity of Vitamin E
WANG Chuan-rong;WANG Jia-qi;ZHOU Zhen-feng;ZANG Chang-jiang;BU Deng-pan;WEI Hong-yang;ZHOU Ling-yun
2008, 1(8): 24-28.
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3212
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Vitamin E is an essential nutrient of body. As an important antioxidant，vitamin E can protect the integrity of body structure，maintain reproductive performance and enhance immune function. This paper reviewed the recent studies of vitamin E in immunity.
Recent Advances in Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor
LIU Yan;XUN Lai-wu;WANG Gui-ying
2008, 1(8): 32-35.
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2433
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Brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a small dimmeric protein, structurally related to nerve growth factor. which is abundantly and widely expressed in the adult mammalian brain. BDNF plays an important role in the growth, development, differentiation, maintenance and regeneration of various types of neurons in the CNS and has potential application to the treatment of brain injury and neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, the molecular and cellular biology and potential clinical application of BDNF were reviewed.
生物技术
3’RACE Amplification and Sequence Analysis of a Strain of Norovirus
LI Ya-ing;LIN Xiang-mei;WU Shao-qiang;LIU Jian;MEI Lin
2008, 1(8): 36-40.
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Norovirus is an important zoonotic pathogen threatening human health. To serve as positive control for the molecular biological examination of norovirus infection and facilitate deducing the origin of this isolate, the total RNA of a feces sample was extracted and used as template for reverse transcription. The first strand cDNA was amplified by 3’RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA 3’ends) using gene specific primer JV12 as forward inner primer and 3’RACE backward inner primer. The amplicon was 3282 bp in length judged from agarose electrophoresis. The amplicon was ligated to the Promega Teasy vector and sequence determined. The determined nucleotide sequence was then analyzed by blast online. Sequence analysis indicated that 〖JP2〗the isolated virus strain belonged to Norovirus GⅡ4 cluster and has the same origin with the isolate in Japan. 3’RACE 〖JP〗amplification established a basis for experimental detection and further research of Norovirus.
Cloning and Sequencing of VP1 Gene of Feline Parvovirus CC1 Strain
LI Shuang;;YUAN Bao;XIAO Shu-qi;REN Wen-zhi;ZHANG Jia-bao;ZHAO Zhi-hui;YONG Hai-ping;
2008, 1(8): 40-43.
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To analyze the sequence of VP1 gene of Feline parvovirus CC1 strain and compare with that of representative virus strain. According to the reported complete nucleotide sequence of FPV(CU-4) in GenBank ,a pair of primers were designed and synthesized.VP1 gene of isolate was amplified.The products of PCR were cloned into PGM-T vector.the positive clone was identified bu enzyme cutting,PCR and sequencing.The whole sequence of VP1gene was analyzed using DNAStar software.The results indicated that the VP1 gene with 2306 bp long had a single opening read frame 2184 bp in length and coded a polypeptide of 727 amino acids.The sequence analysis demonstrated that represent reference strains loaded down from GenBank,the result of ORF sequence analysis indicated that CC-1 strain exhibited 99.3% homology of the nucleotides and amino acid with that of the XJ-1 strain in our county. To analyze the sequence of VP1 full gene,have a significance in clinic and epidemiological study.
遗传繁育
Study on Polymorphism of Microsatellites and Its Association with Economic Traits in Nanjiang Cashmere Goats
ZHANG Ting-hu;HUANG Xi-xia;TIAN Ke-chuan;LIU Wu-jun;ZHANG Fu-quan;XU Xin-ming;ZHANG Yan-hua;HE San-gang
2008, 1(8): 44-47.
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2763
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The genetic diversity of five microsatellites were studied in 317 individuals in tow Nanjiang cashmere goat populations. A GLM procedure was used to analyze the effects of these 5 markers and 2 herds on 6 economic traits (cashmere weight, body weight, average diameter of the cashmere fiber, coefficient of the fiber diameter variation, net cashmere rate, thickness of the cashmere sheet). Results indicated: the number of alleles for the five microsatellites, PIC (polymorphism information content ) and heterozygosity were 4 to 8, 0.3186 to 0.7930,and 0.3344 to 0.8175,respectively;the herd has a significant impact on bodyweight and net cashmere rate. A, C and I at BMS 2782, B at IDVGA 64 were favorable genotypes for cashmere sheet thickness. B at LSCV 13 was favorable genotype for cashmere weight.
Study on Microsatellite Marker of Hybridization Combination of Poll Dorset, Tan Sheep and SmallTail Han Sheep for New Population of Mutton Sheep in Northwest of China
YANG Bo-hui;LIU Jian-bin;LANG Xia;GUO Jian;SUN Xiao-ping;CHENG Sheng-li
2008, 1(8): 48-51.
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The genetic diversity of three sheep breeds and two crossbreeds was surveyed using 7 microsatellite loci. The five breeds include Polled Dorset sheep, Tan sheep, Small Tail Han sheep, the Crossbreed of Tan sheep and Small Tail Han sheep, the Crossbreed of Polled Dorset sheep and the Crossbreed of Tan sheep and Small Tail Han sheep. The 7 microsatellite loci showed high polymorphism information content value. The mean polymorphism information content value was between 0.7077 and 0.8396, which indicated that the 5 breeds had abundant genetic diversity. The mean heterozygosity was between 0.7454 and 0.8665. In the UPGMA dendrogram and NJ based on the Nei genetic distance, Tan sheep and the Crossbreed of Tan sheep and Small Tail Han sheep had the intimate relationship, Small Tail Han sheep and the Crossbreed of Polled Dorset sheep the Crossbreed of Tan sheep and Small Tail sheep had close relationship, which were classified as one sort. But Tan sheep and Small Tail sheep had distant relationship with Polled Dorset sheep.
Economic Domesticated Animal Breeding and Genetic Diversity of Population Research Methods
LIU Chang-qing;BAO A-dong;LIU Shuai;WU Hong-mei;LU Tao-feng;ZHANG Hong-hai;TANG Xue-xi;GUAN Wei-jun;MA Yue-hui
2008, 1(8): 52-56.
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In China, wild animals breeding has been the new rural construction of the new point of economic growth, such as racoon Dog, silver fox, Arctic fox, mink, deer and other wild animals. However, both the effectiveness of the protection of wild resources and the development of artificial breeding as well as the operation of order and social needs and the objective requirement, there is still a considerable gap. The domesticated population genetics research is the best model for studying wild populations inbreeding. Now, the genetic diversity research between domesticated population and wild population focused on mitochondrial DNA, ribosomal DNA, microsatellite markers and the major histocompatibility complex. Access to a large number of this year of relevant researches, we discussed breeding status of wild animals, the difference of morphology and genetic diversity, and it was aimed to supply a theoretical support for rare wild animals genetics research and wild animal breeding.
The Polymorphisms of Porcine FUTⅠGene in Laiwu Black Pigs and their Relationship with Growth Performance
WANG Huai-zhong;SHEN Yan-feng;WANG Ji-ying;GUO Jian-feng;ZHANG Yin;WANG Cheng;WU Ying;
2008, 1(8): 57-59.
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2207
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In this study, the polymorphisms at M307 of FUTⅠ gene in Laiwu Black pigs were investigated by the way of PCRRFLP and their associations with growth performance were analyzed. The result showed that there were polymorphism at M307 of FUTⅠgene in Laiwu pigs, and the population was not in a state of HardyWeinberg equilibrium(P＜0.01). The three genotypes had no significant effect on weight of birth, weight at weaning day and weight at day 70 th to Laiwu pigs(P＞0.05). It was inferred that the resistance gene to ETEC F18 might be originated from western pig breeds, and the gene play an significant effect to the western pigs and had no effect to Laiwu Black pigs. Further study should be validated to identify and characterize putative QTL and functional gene responsible for the resistance to ETEC F18 in Laiwu Black pigs.
Genetic Structure of Chaidamu Cashmere Goat Population as New Breed
GU Chao-yong
2008, 1(8): 60-63.
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1952
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Genetic structure and character of 57 Chaidamu cashmere goats are studied through simple random sampling, and genetic structure are estimated with PAGE of 9 blood protein（α2 ，Alb，Hb，Alp，PA-3，EsD，Amy，Tf，LAP）, and phylogeny status are investigated. The result indicated that: there was polymorphous blood albumen in 6 loci and the average loci heterozygosity was 0.2773; the average phenotypic heterogeneity degree of coat color and appearance character are 0.4610; using the analyze of the degree of genetic similarity, the relationship between Chaidamu cashmere goat populations and it's parent groups; the coefficient of genetic differentiation between Chaidamu cashmere goats and Liaoning cashmere goats is less than that between Chaidamu cashmere goats and Chaidamu goats on appearance character; the coefficient of genetic differentiation between Chaidamu cashmere goats and Chaidamu goats is less than that between Chaidamu cashmere goats and Liaoning cashmere goats on blood protein marker；the degree of genetic similarity of between Chaidamu cashmere goats and Chaidamu goats, between Chaidamu cashmere goats and Liaoning cashmere goats are 0.8257 and 0.8662, respectively.
Study on FSH β Subunit Gene Polymorphism and the Relationships between FSH β Subunit Gene and Little Size Traits in New Huai Pig Line
WANG Chong-long;TAO Li;JU Xue-hui
2008, 1(8): 63-65.
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2545
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FSH β subunit gene polymorphism and the relationships between FSH β subunit gene and little size traits of the first parity in the new Huai pig line group with 212 sows were analyzed in this paper. In the New Huai Pig Line sow group, A allele of FSH β subunit gene is the superior allele, and its gene frequency is 0.6085. To the litter size traits of the new Huai pig line sows, AA genotype of FSH β subunit gene is the beneficial genotype, and the sows of AA genotype produce 1.47 total number born(P<0.01) and 1.15 number born alive(P<0.05) more than the sows of BB genotype do in the first parity.
Recent Advances of Major Genes of Controlling Wool Economic Traits in Sheep
GUAN Feng;PAN Lei;SHI Guo-qing;LIU Shou-ren;YANG Li-guo
2008, 1(8): 66-70.
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2077
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In this paper, several major genes with Mendelian inheritance including pigmentation gene, keratin gene and hairless gene that influence the economically important traits in sheep were reviewed. The aim of this paper is to provide the theory for utilizing these major genes to improve genetics in wool sheep breeding.
奶业专栏
Effect of Seasonal Changes on Milk Yield for Lactation Cow in Shanghai District
WANG Jian-ping;;WANG Jia-qi;BU Deng-pan;HUO Xiao-kai;GUO Tong-jun;LIANG Jian-guang;WANG Guang-wen;YUAN Yao-ming;LI Fa-di
2008, 1(8): 70-73.
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3388
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of seasonal changes on milk yield in Shanghai district. The seventeen thousand two hundred and eighty four milk yield records were analyzed. The milk yield of cows calved in December, January and February was higher, but lower in July, August, September and October and the lowest in September. The milk yield of cows by nature month was significant lower in July, August, September and October than others and there was no difference among the others. The milk yield is lower down from 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 to >10 months according to postcalve month. It showed that the seasonal changes can affect milk yield significantly and should make goals and management way by difference season. The DHI records should contain the information of season.
Research Advance of Corn Dried Distiller's Grain with Solubles in Dairy Nutrition
YANG Ke;YUAN Guang-zhen;GAO Yan-xia;LI Jian-guo
2008, 1(8): 70-73.
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2893
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Corn dried distiller’s grain with solubles are coproducts produced from the fermentation of grains for alcohol，can replace proportion of soybean meal and corn in dairy diets. It can save the cost and don’t reduce the performance. This article reviewed advances and problem in the effect of corn DDGS on dairy feeding.
疾病防治
Study on the Antiinflammatory Activity of the Product Extrouted from Flos Lonicerae Japonicae
WANG Lin-qing;CUI Bao-an;;ZHANG Hong-ying;;GAO Wen-ming;LI Shuang-liang
2008, 1(8): 82-84.
Abstract
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3295
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The aim of this paper is to study the anti-inflammatory activity of the product extracted from flos lonicerae japonicae. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by using mouse foot swelling model that made by injecting of egg white. The models were treated with the extraction, and the dexamethasone, piyanphng ointment were used as positive control, then the anti-inflammot ory activity was envaluated. Results showed that the anti-inflammatory effect of the product extracted from flos lonicerae japonicae is potent.
Preparation and Purification of Rabbit AntiInfectious Bursal Disease Antibody
ZHANG Yun-xian;PAN Ling;LI Yu;ZHANG Jing;YU Wei-yi
2008, 1(8): 85-87.
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2440
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Fowl infectious bursal disease(IBD) eleoadjuvant deactivation vaccine was prepared from bursa of sick chick. And it was used to immune health and adult rabbit by multidrop hypodermic injection to get rabbit antiIBDV serum. Hypsoexempt IgG was isolated and purified from the serum. The antibody titer was 1∶128 in rabit serums, the protein contents were 40.3 to 48.8 mg/ml; The antibody titer was 1∶32 after purification, the protein contents were 18.0 to 23.0 mg/ml. Cases of doubtful fowl IBD in several regions of Anhui province were effectively diagnosised with this agent. It provided hightiter antibody to detect IBDV antigen in AGP and immune histochemistry.
Development of the Prevention and Cure of Pullorum Disease with Chinese Herb Preparation
ZHOU Shu-qin; GENG Ming-jie; WANG Xiao-nan
2008, 1(8): 90-92.
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2723
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This review focus on the species， characteristics， mechanism of Chinese herbs and the application the progress on the prevention and cure of pullorum disease with Chinese herb preparation. The author disucssed problems and points for attention of the use of Chinese herbspreparation.
2008, 1(8): 93-94.
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1519
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兽医临床
Diagnosis of Nephropathogenic Avian Infectious Bronchitis
CHEN Hong-ying;LI Xin-sheng;DUAN Ting-yun;JIA Yan-yan;GUO Xian-po;CUI Bao-an
2008, 1(8): 120-121.
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2878
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In September, 2007, there was a suspected nephropathogenic avian infectious bronchitis in a chicken farm in Zhengzhou. 20 day old chickens virus appeared diarrhea in 4 days and death in 6 days after inoculated with the isolated virus. The isolated virus caused mortality and dwarfing in chicken embryoes, and the virus failed to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes ,but it agglutinated chicken erythrocytes after treated with 1% trypsin. After the epidemiology investigation, the clinical symptom, pathogenic in autopsy and the laboratory diagnosis, avian infectious bronchitis virus infection was diagnosed.
动物生产
Effect of Sex and Muscle Types on the Meat Qualities inYunnan Pingbian Mini Chickens
JIA Jun-jing;LI Li-hong;CHEN Bao-ding;WEN Sheng-ping;LI Qi-hua;TAO Jin-guang;ZHANG Xi;GE Chang-rong;CAO Zhen-hui
2008, 1(8): 131-135.
Abstract
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3447
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Total twenty of Yunnan Pingbian Mini chickens of half for each ten with fourth months old were used to investigate effect of sex and muscle types on the physical meat indicators. In the same sex, the water holding capacity, tenderness, Juiciness, a* ( redness), pH and muscle fibre density of leg muscle in the both sex were significantly higher than in the breast muscle. Contract, the shear force value, cooking loss, drip loss, L*( lightness) and muscle fibre diameter of leg muscle in the both sex were significantly lower than in the breast muscle. Compare to the hens, the cock had higher shear force value and muscle fibre diameter in both types of muscle, higher drip loss in the breast muscle, and lower tenderness and muscle fibre density in both types of muscle. Overall, the leg muscle quality in the both sex was higher than the breast muscle and the hen meat quality was higher than the cocks.
Effect of Bovine Colostrum on Finewool Sheep Oestrus during Nonbreeding Season
LI Ping-ping; DAI Xin-xin;WU Yuan-chang; JIANG Xin-huan
2008, 1(8): 143-144.
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1759
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The finewool sheep indicates the colostrum making use of a milk cow to 340 Chinese Merino reclamation of wasteland by army in must breed a season that the guidance being in progress is in heat handling , bears fruit , oestrus rate is 85% (289/340), fertilization rate 85.12% (246/289); contrast group oestrus rate 35% (21/60), difference is extremely notable (P<0.01).
经验交流
Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Muscle and Liver of Chicken by Capillary Gas Chromatographyflame Photometric Detector
ZHENG Shan-shan;LI Chong-jiu;BI Tao-tao
2008, 1(8): 146-149.
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3379
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A method for the determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in muscle and liver of chicken by GCFPD was described in this paper. Samples were extracted with acetone/ dichloromethane (3∶4) mixture, added PBS(pH=7.4) to deposit protein. Some fats and hydrophobic impurities were removed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The sample was analyzed by flame photometric detector (FPD), through a capillary column of DB17. The residues were quantified by external standard method. In this method the recoveries(spiked at 0.05, 0.2, and 1 mg/kg) were 74.2%～108.0％ for muscle, 69.8%~103.0％ for liver. Coefficients of variation were 1.6%～17. 3% for muscle, 1.0%～16.0 % for liver, respectively.
Study of Data Warehouse System on Liangshan Semiwool Sheepof Genetics & Breeding Parameter
TONG Heng-xing;WU Deng-jun
2008, 1(8): 150-152.
Abstract
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1983
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The paper builds a data warehouse management system on Liangshan semi-wool sheep of genetics & breeding parameter, in order to estimate for economic performance. This project improves breeding planning by the decision support system.
Rare Earths Influence Animal and Human Being
LIU Xiang-hu
2008, 1(8): 158-160.
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1626
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Rare earths(RE) in agriculture has great economic benefits，already cover agriculture，forest industry，fishery，herd industry and domestic animals(birds) breed aquatics industry. But Rare earth element is be indispensable to animals，now it isn't verdict,and have potential negative effect for agriculture entironment. It is recommended that the effects of RE on environment,agriculture and man should be further investigated. The text summarized research actuality on Rare earth element, and that rare earth element apply and acquire harvest in feedingstuff additive and affect flesh healthy.
