China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Research Advance of Small Peptide on Milk Protein Synthesis in Lactating Ruminants

ZHANG Yang-dong;WANG Jia-qi;BU Deng-pan;WEI Hong-yang;ZHOU Ling-yun;PAN Fa-ming;SUN Peng

2009, 36(10): 5-7.

Abstract ( 1422 )

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Small peptide can be effectively utilized by mammary gland to match the need of amino acids for milk protein synthesis. Recent researches especially showed the amount of free amino acids were not enough for milk protein synthesis. Therefore, it is necessary to study the metabolism and function of small peptide in the synthesis of milk protein for a better understanding of their utilization by ruminants. In this article, the authors have reviewed the concept of peptide, utilization of small peptide by mammary gland, uptake mechanism of small peptide by mammary gland, factors those affect small peptide use and research outlook.

Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Content on the Gaoyou Ducks Growth Performance and the Nitrogen Retention Rate

LI Hui-fang;WANG Qiang;LI Bao-lin;CHEN Kuan-wei;ZHAO Dong-wei;ZHU Wen-qi;SONG Wei-tao;ZHAO Yong-gao 

2009, 36(10): 8-11.

Abstract ( 526 )

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Two factorial experiments were carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary protein level, on yields of feed intake, body weight, the nitrogen retention rate and body measurements of Gaoyou ducks at 28 and 140 days of age. Two diets similar in their energy content and differing markedly in their protein content, in which the dietary protein were 14% and 16%, respectively, were feed to Gaoyou ducks in this experiment. Until at the 140 days of age, 8 ducks were choose from every treatment on the average weight of group to carry out metabolism experiment. The results showed that Gaoyou ducks were gain the better growth performance and the best nitrogen retention rate, when the dietary protein was 14% from 29 to 140 days of age.

Effects of Supplementation of Bacillus Subtilis Natto on Milk Production and Composition of Lactating Dairy Cow

LUAN Guang-chun; WANG Jia-qi;BU Deng-pan; ZHOU Zhen-feng; WEI Hong-yang;ZHOU Ling-yun

2009, 36(10): 12-15.

Abstract ( 1552 )

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36 cows with similar age, party and day in milk (DIM) were used to study the effect of dietary Bacillus subtilis natto on milk production and milk composition in lactating dairy cows. All cows were randomly allocated to 3 groups. The feeding trial lasted for 60 days. The milk samples were collected in 0，30，60 d, and the milk production was measured every week. The results showed that milk production, milk fat and milk protein were higher than those which are from cows in control whereas somatic cell counts decreased.

Study on Effect of Different Enzyme Preparations in Wheat-based Diet for Growing Pigs

WANG Qian-guang;LIU Qiu;GAO Hui-lin;HE Jian-hua

2009, 36(10): 16-20.

Abstract ( 1586 )

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Four enzyme preparations (E1，E2，OT，Xylanase) were evaluated by animal feeding trial using wheat-type diets for growing pigs. Using a single factor design，112 heads of crossbred (Landrace×Yorkshire) piglets about 19.34 kg were selected and divided into 7 treatments (4 duplicates per treatment and each duplicates had 4 piglets with the male/female=1∶1) randomly，to investigate the effect of different enzymes on performance of growing pigs．The duration of feed trial was 8 weeks，and divided into three phases (week 0 to 2；2 to 4；4 to 8 respectively). The diets were as follows：corn-based diet,wheat-based diet, wheat-based diet with E1,E2,OT and xylanase separately,lower-energy wheat-based diet with OT enzyme．Furthermore,
another 6 heads of crossbred (Landrace×Yorkshire) barrows about 20 kg fitted with a simple “T” cannula at the terminal ileum were selected and conducted in a 6×6 Latin Square design to assay the apparent feces digestibility and ileal digestibility using AIA.The results indicated that adding enzymes can improve the ADG compared with wheat-based diet, and have the tendacy to improve the ADG during the week 2 to 4 (P=0.10). There is no significant effect on the ADG of E1 treatment in whole trail (P>0.05).Other enzymes can increase the ADG significantly(P<0.05) and OT treatment (P<0.01) had higher ADG than the control treatment. Adding enzymes to wheat-based diet can significantly decrease the F/G in whole trail(P<0.05)，and significantly decrease the diarrhea ratio from 4 to 8 weeks and the whole trial (P<0.05).E2，OT，Xylanase treatment get to positively significant level(P<0.01). Compared with wheat-based diet, enzymes had no significant effect on apparent feces digestibility of CP and Energy for growing pigs (P>0.05). Enzymes supplementation had the tendacy to improve the apparent ideal digestibility of energy (P=0.10).E2，OT，Xylanase can significant improve the apparent ileal digestibility of CP(P<0.05), but there was no significant effect by adding E1(P>0.05). 

Study of Yeast Culture on Anti-oxidation and Cholesterol in Broilers

ZHOU Shu-qin;SUN Wen-zhi

2009, 36(10): 21-24.

Abstract ( 1307 )

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210 broilers randomly assigned to seven groups, with three replications per group. The control group was provided with the basal diet (not including any drug additive), yeast culture was added to the basal diet at the level of 0.1%,0.3%,0.5%,0.7%,0.9% respectively, and xanthomycin was added to the basal diet at the level of 5 mg/kg to seven experiment diets. The feeding trial started at 1 d and ended at 28 d. The experiment was conducted to study the effects of the different supplement level of yeast culture and xanthomycin on anti-oxidation and cholesterol in broilers. The results indicated that the dietary 0.5% yeast culture reduced significantly NH3 in caecum by 15.49% and 18.83%(P<0.05) respectively，when compared with the control and flavomycin；the dietary 0.5% yeast culture improved SOD by 33.52% and 28.26%(P>0.05) respectively，when compared with the control and flavomycin; the dietary 0.5% yeast culture reduced cholesterol by 26.47% and 20.89% respectively，when compared with the control and flavomycin,these data proved that the dietary yeast culture improved the serum CHOL，SOD and CHOL of chest.

Effect of Pineapple Polysaccharides on Performance in Weaned Piglets

WANG Zhan-bin;HE Jia-jia;CHEN Jia-ming

2009, 36(10): 25-27.

Abstract ( 1265 )

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The object of this study was to research the effect of pineapple polysaccharides which were extracted from the skin of pineapple on performance in weaned piglets. 〖JP+3〗One hundred and sixty weaned piglets〖JP〗 (80 female, 80 male), with same 〖WT〗〖LM〗

〖WT5”BZ〗age, average weight (6.50±0.07) kg, were divided into 16 pens with 10 piglets per pen according to similar pen weight. There were 4 dietary treatments, each containing 4 replicate pens. Control group piglets were feed basic dietary without pineapple polysaccharides. Treatment 1,2and 3 piglets were feed experiment dietary added pineapple polysaccharides 50, 100, 150 g/t respectively. The results showed that there was significant difference of the average daily gain weight and ratio of feed and meat in four treatments. The average feed intake of treatment 1 and treatment 2, 3 was lower than control group but there was no significant difference between different groups (P>0.05). The average daily gain weight of treatment 1,2 and 3 was higher than control group 8%(P<0.05), 15%(P<0.01), 7%(P<0.05) respectively. Ratio of feed and meat of treatment 1,2 and 3 was lower than control group 9.62%(P<0.05), 14.42%(P<0.01), 7.21%(P<0.05) respectively. Results showed that it can increase performance and disease resistance of weaned piglets by added pineapple polysaccharides and the optimum added quantity was 100 g/t in feed.

Study on Follicle Group Structure of Liaoning Cashmere Goat

JIANG Huai-Zhi;ZHAO Yan-li;CHEN Yang;YANG Yu-jiang

2009, 36(10): 28-30.

Abstract ( 1408 )

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Differences of follicle density and S/P among different months of age in young goats and among seasons of year in adult goat and effects of age，birth type and mother’s age on follicle traits were studied in this paper. Follicle group was consisted of three primaries and a varying number of secondaries with a wedge-shaped group among central and lateral primaries, Rate of tri-group was about 75%.With increase of age，S/P increased with a maximum at 6 months of age and follicle density decreased.There was no obvious changes among seasons in primary density of adult goats.But there were significant differences among seasons in secondary density and S/P of adult goat with a maximum at September and a minimum at April. 

Contrasting Research on the Law of Growth on Broiler Chicken and Layer Chicken

SHU Guang;ZHANG Yong;WANG Chun-jie

2009, 36(10): 31-33.

Abstract ( 1461 )

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Measuring the index of bursa of fabricius to research the law of growth.10 health broilers from ten different days age were selected randomly from broilers. And 10 health layers from twelve different days age were selected randomly from layers. Bursa of fabricius were weighted after aliveness weight and dissection. Then measured the length, width and thickness of bursa of fabricius. Meanwhile made paraffins section for HE staining, and measured the length, width, thickness of cortex and medulla of folliculus. The results showed that the weight increase of bursa of fabriciu were positive correlation along with days and weight increasing for broilers, and grew to the top on the 49 day-age, and the law of growth for folliculus was same to the bursa of fabriciu. The weight increase of bursa of fabriciu was growing from 1 to 68 days old, and reduced from 68 to 96 days old for layers, and the law of growth of folliculus was same to the bursa. However, the ratio of bursa of fabriciuto weight had certain correlation along with days and weight increasing for broilers and layers.

Research Progress of Expression of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Genes by Recombinant Baculovirus

CAO Qian-qian;LIAO De-fang;LI Hua-chun

2009, 36(10): 34-38.

Abstract ( 1457 )

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Baculovirus expression system is a new, high efficacy eukaryote expression system which is used widely on studies and development of novel vaccine, diagnosis reagents and new protein drugs. There are various reports on the expression of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genes by using recombinant baculovirus to construct recombinant structure proteins and non-structure proteins of FMDV in insect cell, intend to produce proteins that the bioactivity is identical to their indigenous viral proteins. This review summarizes update progress of using recombinant baculovirus expressing FMDV structure proteins and non-structure proteins, and related difficulties and problems are raised here for discussion.

Expression and Development of Monoclonal Antibody against Nsp2 Gene Fragments of Highly Virulent PRRSV JXA1 Strain

HU Hong-hui;CAO Zhen;ZHAO Tie-zhu;WANG Bin;QIN Ya-man; YANG Lu; WANG Chuan-bin;CHEN Xi-zhao;TIAN Ke-gong

2009, 36(10): 39-43.

Abstract ( 1639 )

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Analyzing PRRSV gene Nsp2 by biological software, four gene fragments of Nsp2 were successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned from the PRRSV JXA1 strain. Their expressing plasmids were constructed by inserting the target gene fragments into pGEX-6P-1 vector and were induced with IPTG. Subsequently, the collecting and purifying proteins were identified. Using these proteins, we established an indirect ELISA for bolting McAbs. We immunized the BALB/c mice with PRRSV vaccine. After the final immunization with virus, spleen cells of mice fused with myeloma cells SP2/0 were filtered by culturing selectively, diluting finitely. As a result, an anti-Nsp2 protein McAb was obtained and named as 6B8. It is only with reaction to Nsp2F1. The ELISA titers of 6B8 supernatants and ascites were 210 and 106 respectively. In this study, firstly we successfully cloned and expressed Nsp2 gene fragments of PRRSV JXA1, secondly an anti-Nsp2 protein McAb was obtained. It is a basic research for analyzing the function of Nsp2 and establishing related diagnosis method.

Codon Optimization of Cicada Antimicrobial Peptide Gene and its Expression Vector Construction in Pichia pastoris

LIU De-hui;HUANG Yu-mao;XU Hui;JIAO Ying

2009, 36(10): 44-46.

Abstract ( 1678 )

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According to the partiality codon of Pichia pastoris, the antibacterial peptide Cryptonin gene was designed and synthesized. The modified antibacterial peptide gene was cloned into the pGAPZα-A vector to construct the recombinant expression vector pGAPZα-A-Cryptonin. Then the plasmid was identified by restriction enzyme digestion, PCR amplification and sequencing. The successfully constructed plasmid is the background for the studies on high expression and bioactivities of Cryptonin.

Cloning and DNA Sequence Analysis of the cDNA for the Precursor of Zi Goose Follicle Stimulating Hormone β Subunit

CAI Jun;YANG Huan-min;LI Peng;GUO Li

2009, 36(10): 47-49.

Abstract ( 1213 )

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The total RNA obtained from the pituitary of Zi goose was used to amplify the cDNA for the precursor of Zi Goose follicle stimulating hormone β subunit by RT-PCR, and the opening reading frame of 396 bp was acquired. The fragments amplified were ligated with pMD18-T vector and transformed into DH5α competent cells. The positive clones were verified, sequenced, and submitted to GenBank, with accession No. EU563910. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were compared with homologous sequences from available animals including sheep, buffalo, chicken, duck, tiger, and human. Sequence alignment showed a fairly high degree of homology, duck being ranked the highest. As a whole, various animals exist the homology of follicle stimulating hormone β subunit.

The Exploration of Prokaryotic Soluble Expression of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus VP1 Gene

WANG Hai-feng;YI Zhong;WEI Yu-rong;WEI Jie;HUERMAXI;FU Zi-hua

2009, 36(10): 50-54.

Abstract ( 1264 )

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Owing to the recombinant prokaryotic expression vector to express the target protein as inclusion body, VP1 protein was induced by different concentrations of IPTG，different temperatures and different time，cell lysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE, to observe whether emerge soluble protein. The VP1 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into pGEM-T vector, then pET-28a(+) and pGEM-T vector were dual-Enzyme digested respectively, a recombinant of pET-28a-VP1 vector was achieved and transformed into BL21. The results showed that protein expression yield was impacted by IPTG concentration and temperature and time, but the protein mainly was formed of inclusion bodies. The results show that inclusion body may be related to the amino acid composition.

Optimizing the Constructing Condition of Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library in the Cashmere Goat

LIU Zhi-hong;LI Ning;REN Li-ming;HU Xiao-xiang;GUO Ying;CUI Wen-tao;YIN Jun;ZHANG Wen-guang;LI Jin-quan

2009, 36(10): 55-58.

Abstract ( 1393 )

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In recent years, bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library has become one of the most popular used genome library, and it is used generally in the research of eukaryotic organism that has longer genome by its advancement including larger capacity, stable inherited characteristic, few chimera, easily reclaiming insertion element, convenient operation and so on. This article researched the constructing condition of BAC library, cutting the goat’s chromosome by HindⅢ enzyme, separating the big DNA fragment by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, reclaiming DNA by electrodialysis, linking with BAC bearer taken off phosphorous, transforming competent cell DH10B by elutriations, and finally evaluating the length of fragment by cutting the DNA with NotⅠenzyme. The consequence indicated that the method that this research chose can get not only the longer insertion element, but also the higher converting efficiency, and it is the better method to construct the bigger genome BAC library.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis on Exons of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Gene in Goats

WANG Ping-qing;YAN Yan;CHU Ming-xing;DI Ran;FANG Li

2009, 36(10): 59-64.

Abstract ( 1573 )

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The bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) gene was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in some goat breeds (Capra hircus). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of two exons (exons 2 and 3) of BMP2 gene were detected in high prolificacy breed (Jining Grey goat), moderate prolificacy breed (Boer goat) and low prolificacy breeds (Inner Mongolia Cashmere and Angora goats) by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). No polymorphism was detected in the amplified region in the four goat breeds tested. DNA fragments of exons 2 and 3 of Jining Grey goat BMP2 gene were cloned into pSRUE-T vector. The positive clones were further identified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were detected and the amino acid sequences of these fragments were deduced. The comparison of the fragments of two exons of Jining Grey goat BMP2 gene with those of human, chimpanzee, cattle, dog, rat and mouse BMP2 gene showed that the homologies of the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of the fragments among these seven species were from 86.5% to 91.3% and from 88.8% to 99% respectively. Three special variations were found in the 131st, 353rd, 365th position of amino acid sequence, which was threonine, aspartic acid, proline in Jining Grey goats and proline, valine, leucine in other species respectively. The results indicated that the exons 2 and 3 of BMP2 gene were highly conserved among mammals, and may not be the functional domains that affect the high prolificacy in goats.

Compare of O Type Foot and Mouth Disease Virus VP1 Gene in TwoProkaryotic Expression Vector

WANG Hai-feng;YI Zhong;WEI Yu-rong;Huermaxi;FU Zi-hua

2009, 36(10): 65-67.

Abstract ( 1398 )

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The foot and mouth disease virus VP1 gene was amplified by PCR and cloned into T vector, pET-28a-VP1 was achieved through pET-28a and T vector, were dual-enzyme digested by NdeI and XhoI; pET-41a-VP1 was achieved through pET-41a and T vector, were dual-enzyme digested by EcoR I and XhoI, respectively. Then both pET-28a-VP1 and pET-41a-VP1 were transformed into BL21, respectively. When 37 ℃, different IPTG concentrations and 32 ℃, 0.01 mmol/L IPTG inducible expression, the results showed that protein yield of pET-28a-VP1 more than pET-41a-VP1, moreover status of protein was not effected by DTT and ethanol.

Sequence Analysis of S1 Gene of Isolated Strain of Infectious Bronchitis Virus

GAO Heng;WEN Na-xiang;GUAN Feng-xia;LIU Ling;SONG Yong-feng;ZHOU Quan;LI Min;ZHOU Li

2009, 36(10): 68-71.

Abstract ( 1242 )

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S1 gene of five strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated in Guangdong were amplified by using RT-PCR technique and the cDNA sequences of those strains were determined and analyzed. Phylogenetic relations based on the nucleotide and amino acid sequences were analyzed among isolates and the reference strains in GenBank by using DNAStar software. The results demonstrated that isolates have close relationship with the A2 and less relationship with traditional IBV vaccine strains H120，Ma5 and reference strains M41.

Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody against Variant Surface Glucoprotein Antigen of Trypanosoma evansi

ZENG Xiao-fei;CHEN Han-zhong;WEI Ying-yi;HE Mu-rong;LI Xiao-xu

2009, 36(10): 72-74.

Abstract ( 1272 )

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The BALB/c mice were immunized with variant surface glucoprotein of Trypanosoma evansi. The spleen lymph cells were fused with mouse SP2/0 myeloma cells, two hybridoma cell lines 3D7 and 5B9 secreting monoclonal antibodies against variant surface glucoprotein were determined by indirect ELISA. Their titers in cell culture supernatant were 1∶6400 and 1∶12800, and titers of ascites were 1∶105 and 1∶106, both 3D7 and 5B9 belongs to IgG1 with κ chain.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis on Exons of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 1 Gene in Goats

YAN Yan;CHU Ming-xing;DI Ran;FANG Li;WANG Ping-qing

2009, 36(10): 75-79.

Abstract ( 1532 )

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As gonadotropin-releasing hormone 1 (GnRH1) is the main form of GnRH present in the pituitary, it seems apparent that it is responsible for regulating the reproductive endocrine system to stimulate gonadotropins. The GnRH1 gene was studied as a candidate gene for high prolificacy in some goat breeds (Capra hircus). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of three exons (exons 2, 3 and 4) of GnRH1 gene were detected in high prolificacy breed (Jining Grey goat), moderate prolificacy breed (Boer goat) and low prolificacy breeds (Inner Mongolia Cashmere and Angora goats) by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). No polymorphism was detected in the amplified region in the four goat breeds tested. DNA fragments of exons 2, 3 and 4 of Jining Grey goat GnRH1 gene were cloned into pSRUE-T vector. The positive clones were further identified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were detected and the amino acid sequences of these three fragments were deduced. The comparison of the fragments of all three coding regions of Jining Grey goat GnRH1 gene with those of cattle， human, dog, chimpanzee, monkey, rat and mouse GnRH1 gene showed that the homologies of the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of the fragments among these eight species were from 73.6% to 99.3% and from 62.0% to 97.8% respectively. The results indicated that the exons 2, 3 and 4 of GnRH1 gene were highly conserved among mammals, and may not be the functional domains that affect the high prolificacy in goats.

SNPs Detection of EPOR&MYPN Gene and Association with Meat Quality Traits in Porcine

DU Dong-sheng;ZHAI Li-wei;XU Dan-an;WANG Chu-duan

2009, 36(10): 80-83.

Abstract ( 1622 )

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The two genes EPOR and MYPN, were analyzed by SNP genotyping and associated with meat quality traits to find the candidate genes for meat quality traits. The methods for SNPs genotyping are PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP. No SNP were found for EPOR genes. Two SNPs were found in MYPN genes and the two genes were associated with meat quality traits by SAS. The results showed that SNP1 had significant effects on back fat thickness, conductivity, eye muscle area, intramuscular fat (P＜0.05); SNP2 had significant effects on back fat thickness and intramuscular fat (P＜0.05）；sex and breed had significant effects on some traits (P＜0.05). Combined results of this study and other related research findings, it may be inferred that the MYPN gene may affect the meat quality traits and carcass traits, or the major gene and control of these traits in the main chain gene can be used as meat quality carcass traits of the candidate genes.

Discussion of Cultivation and Transgene of Spermatogonial Stem Cells

LIU Peng;AO Hong;PAN Jie

2009, 36(10): 84-87.

Abstract ( 1312 )

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Spermatogonial stem cells(SSCs) is the foundation of adult mammalian spermatogenesis,it has the potentiality of self-renewal and differentiation; SSCs can transmit the genetic information to the animal offspring. A new transgenic technique using the SSCs which is described as isolation, genetransfer, recipient transplantation is anticipated in reports. The SSCs transgene technique will be used to improve the economic trait of livestock.

Mammalian Adult Stem Cell Research Progress

DENG Shou-long;PENG Tao;LV Zi-li;WANG Liang;WANG An-jiang;CAO Wen-guang

2009, 36(10): 88-92.

Abstract ( 1226 )

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Stem cells are primal cells existing in multi-cellular organisms and have held limelight in biomedical research in that they are characterized by the ability to renew themselves through mitotic cell division and to differentiate into diverse range of specialized cells. Stem cell therapy has the potential to change radically the treatment of diseases, and therefore, has been proposed or used to treat Parkinsion's disease, diabetes, spinal cord injury. Stem cells can be classified into embryo stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells or somatic stem cells. The latter, including several subclasses, are undifferentiated cells found in adult bodies and act as a repair system for the body, replenishing specialized cells. ES cells, so-called pluripotent cells, are cells derived from the undifferentiated inner cell mass of embryos, and considered the best stem cells because they have ability to develop into all derivatives of the three germ layers, i.e. ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. Stem cells can also be classified into several subclasses according to their potency: Totipotent; pluripotent （i.e. ES cells）；multipotent (hematopoietcin stem cells); and oligopotent (still have the property of self-renewal). However, recent studies have demonstrated that pluripotent stem cells can be induced from somatic cells, opening a new era for obtaining stem cells. This review summarizes the progress and the discoveries in stem cell research and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.

Six Local Sheep Breeds AFLP Analysis of Genetic Diversity in Xinjiang

XIAO Fei;FU Yong;SHI Ting;WANG Jin-fu

2009, 36(10): 93-98.

Abstract ( 1420 )

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Research on the molecular level from sheep breeds of genetic diversity between resources for the comprehensive evaluation of germplasm resources in Xinjiang local sheep to provide a basis. Screened with eight pairs of E+3/M+3 primer place on the six breeds of sheep genomic DNA for AFLP amplification. According to the AFLP analysis, statistics for each primer combination in each species was detected in the polymorphic bands and specific bands were calculated by six sheep breeds genetic similarity coefficients and genetic distance and UPGMA clustering to build a relationship Fig. The results showed that 8 pairs of primer combinations get total of 334 clearly identifiable bands, it means primer combinations generated 41.75 polymorphic markers, and obtains 103 polymorphic bands, percentage of polymorphic loci was 30.838%, while all varieties also detect specific bands. The relationship of sheep Kazak recently with Altai (0.907), Kerkezi sheep was the longest Kazak (0.437), The six sheep of the local breeds are divided into 3 categories.So the six sheep of local breeds have abundant genetic diversity, genetic similarity coefficients and clustering results to the geographical distribution of sheep breeds, coincide with the actual situation, the surface of AFLP markers for genetic diversity analysis of sheep place is feasible.

Effects of Calcium Ion Concentration on Ovine Sperm Capacitation

LI He-juan;NI He-min;XUE Jun-zhong;ZHANG Hong;YANG Fei-ge;LIU Lie-qin

2009, 36(10): 99-101.

Abstract ( 1231 )

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To discuss the effects of calcium ion concentration on ovine sperm capacitation. The sheep spermatozoa were incubated in the ovine oviduct synthesis fluid with different calcium ion concentration, then induced by calcium ionophore A23187. The results showed that the sperm capacitation was not significantly affected by adding with different concentrations of calcium ion, but the acrosome reaction rates induced by 1.7, 2 mmol/L were significantly higher than the others. The appropriate sperm enduring period of 1.7, 2 mmol/L were 16 h and 10 h respectively. It suggested that the suitable concentration of calcium ion for ovine sperm capacitation in vitro is 1.7 mmol/L, and this process should accompany with calcium ion.

Chemical Enucleation of Mouse Oocytes and Handmade Construction of Nuclear Transfer Embryos

ZHAO Yu;LIU Jun;WANG Bao-lei;ZHANG Tuo;LIU Gen-sheng;ZHANG Yong

2009, 36(10): 102-106.

Abstract ( 1279 )

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To optimize Demecolcine induced enucleation procedure, and study the application of enucleated oocytes by DC induced as nuclear recipient with zona-free somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) method on Mouse SCNT. The experiment studied the effects of two activating methods ethanol or SrCl2 and Demecolcine initial treatment time after activation on induced enucleation rate of MⅡ period oocytes; then the zonas of oocytes that Demecolcine induced enucleation successfully were removed, an oocyte that enucleated successfully was glued with a fetal fibroblast cell,then they were fused by electricity and activated by SrCl2,the reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro. The results showed that the highest induced enucleation rate was acquired while 7% ethanol-activated oocytes treated with DC at immediately post-activation (66.4%), however, the highest induced enucleation rate was acquired while 8 mmol/L SrCl2-activated oocytes treated with DC after 15 minutes post-activation (64.3%). By now the reconstructed embryos established by this method could develop to 8-cell in vitro. The experiment proved SrCl2 has the equivalent effect on induced enucleation with ethanol firstly and proved the possibility that produce the mouse reconstructed embryos using handmade cloning method (DC induced enucleation technology combined zona-free technology ),its success will greatly predigest the procedure of nuclear transfer.

Study on Frozen Semen of Xinjiang Donkey

ZENG Wei-bin;WANG Yan-ping;LIU Chou-sheng;LI Qian

2009, 36(10): 107-109.

Abstract ( 1496 )

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This experiment was conducted to study the best extender and the way on frozen semen of Xinjiang donkey. The Xinjiang donkey semen was collected by artificial vagina, and diluted with five different extenders. Then the better extender was selected as a control group, and was respectively added by 4%, 5%, 6%, 8% glycerol. Finally the best extender was selected as a control group, and was concentrated. The results show that ①The frozen-thawing semen motility and acrosomal integrity that was frozen by the 5th extender were significantly higher（P<0.05） than that of 1, 2, 3, 4; ②Add 6 percent glycerol on the 7th extender was better（P<0.05） than the addition of 4%, 5%, 8%; ③The frozen-thawing semen motility and acrosomal integrity that was frozen by the 7th concentrated extender were significantly higher（P<0.05） than others. The results indicated that it is useful that the semen was diluted with the 6% glucose, 2% sucrose, 6% glycerol extender, and was concentrated 10 minutes in 500 r/min before being frozen.

The Effect of Insulin on Maturation of Canine Oocytes in vitro

WANG Kun;ZHAO Ming-hui;GAO Wei-wei;YIN Xi-jun

2009, 36(10): 110-114.

Abstract ( 1643 )

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In the present study we investigated the effects of supplementing the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium with insulin on the incidence of maturation to MⅡ. In order to provide parameters for canine oocyte IVM system, cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were released by slicing; oocytes were cultured in TCM199 supplemented with 0.6% gulocse and different concentrations of insulin (0, 3, 6, or 9 IU/mL) at 38.5 ℃, 5% CO₂ in air. Observed cumulus cells which were removed from around oocytes using a small glass pipette, denuded oocytes were fixed in then Hoechst 33342 at room temperature for 15 min. Nuclear status was observed under UV light using a fluorescence microscope. Longer culture time to 72 and 96 hours, then statistical analysis by SPSS 14.0. There is no significant different on cumulus expansion. No oocyte development to MⅡbut the percentage of oocytes at GVBD stage was different among the groups 6 IU/mL, and the control. The percentage of oocytes get to M Ⅱin the 72 and 96 h treatment groups with 6 IU/mL insulin groups 20.8%±1.9% vs 13.33%±1.5%, respectively. These results indicated that the addition of insulin to the in vitro maturation medium of canine oocytes had no effect on the incidence of meiotic maturation to metaphase II, nor did it affect cumulus expansion, however, the maturation rate of oocyte increased by delayed culture period.

Analysis of Non-genetic Factors Influencing 305-day Milk Yield in Holstein

HUANG Xi-xia;Rexiti·Abudureyimu;TIAN Yue-zhen;DENG Jiang-ling;YE Dong-dong;ZHANG Gui-fen;YU Xiong;Baihetiguli

2009, 36(10): 115-117.

Abstract ( 1735 )

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of non-genetic on 305-day milk yield, datas of Holstein production records which contained the information from 1996 to 2005 were collected form Xinjiang Hutubi herd farm in Xinjiang, the effects of year, season, calving interval and parity on Holstein 305-day milk yield were analyzed by least squares means with SAS 8.1 system. Results showed that effect of year, calving interval and parity on 305-day milk yield were highly significant(P<0.01), effect of season for 305-day milk yield was not significant (P>0.05).The results provide a foundation of the division of the effect value to estimate genetic parameter furtherly.

Epidemiologic Survey, Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria of Bovine Subclinical Mastitis

SHI Fei;WEI Shou-hai;CHEN Ling;LU Cheng

2009, 36(10): 118-121.

Abstract ( 1255 )

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In the essay, all the milk samples from 1131quarters of 305 dairy cattle in three dairies in Pengshui autonomous county were analyzed, and the pathogenic bacteria in the samples were isolated, cultured and identified. The resul showed that, the positive rate of subclinical mastitis took up 64.92%.Quarter positive rate of subclinical mastitis was 32.80% and the incidence was connected with management, milking sanitation and program，stage of lactation and age obviously. The main pathogenic bacteria contained Staphylococcus aureuss(93.48%), Streptococcus agalactiae(37.21%) and Escherichia coli (23.26%).The gross detectable rate was 13.95%.

Study on Milk Performance of Xinjiang Brown Cattle

CHENG Li-ming;FU Xue-feng;Malati·hashan;LI Wei-yong;MA Xiao-yan;ZHOU Guang-rui;GUO Zhi-qin;HUANG Xi-xia

2009, 36(10): 122-125.

Abstract ( 1478 )

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This experiment was conducted to study the variance of milk composition between grazing and barm feeding Xinjiang brown cattle，analyzed the change trend of milk composition and the correlation of milk production，fat percentage and protein percentage.Fifty-two Xinjiang brown cattles from Zhaosu grassland and one hundred fifty-four lactating cows from Urumqi cattle breeding farm，were randomly selected to monitor milk yield and milk composition.The results showed that the index of milk composition in grazing Xinjiang brown cattle is obviously higher than barn feeding Xinjiang brown cattle. There was highly significant (P＜0.01). The relationship between milk production and fat percentage，protein percentage is negative correlation，and the correlation coefficient is -0.174(P＜0.01)，-0.245(P＜0.01)，respectively. The relationship between milk fat percentage and protein percentage was positive correlation，and the correlation coefficient is 0.411(P＜0.01).These results indicated that milk production of barn feeding Xinjiang brown cattle is obviously higher than grazing，milk composition of grazing Xinjiang brown cattle is higher than barn feeding except for electrical conductivity and somatic cell count.

Study on the Organ of Clincial Acute Canine Distemper Virus

YUE Xin;ZHAO De-ming

2009, 36(10): 126-128.

Abstract ( 1542 )

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Through acute and subacute canine distemper virus (CDV) cases, we used to chose lung as the best material to isolate the canine distemper virus. But in accordance with the results observed from immunohistochemistry experiment, the lymphoid tissue of domestic dog with canine distemper virus present a strong antigen immunopositive, while there are only a few macrophage cells and epithelium of bronchi showing immunopositive. After infection of CDV, the virus proliferate in the lymph tissue, cause a long lasting and profound impairment of celluar and humoral immune function charactristed by immunosuppression, lymphocyte(B and T cells) loss,and leucopenia, rendering animals highly susceptible to opportunistic infections, which become the lethal factor in the death of animal. Although the lung has present a severs lesion, it is not the location of CDV. So the lymphoid tissue was the optimal organ to isolate CDV. 

Research Progress on the P32 Protein of Capripoxvirus

ZHAO Zhi-xun;WANG Jian-ke;ZHANG Qiang

2009, 36(10): 129-132.

Abstract ( 1448 )

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P32, one of the structural proteins present in all the capripoxviruses, contains major immunogenic determinants. P32 protein gene is not only a key factor in pathogenicity, but also a major component that stimulate antibody anti-capripoxvirus protective immunity. In this paper, development of the P32 protein including its genome structure, epitope, and use in diagnosis and immunological of capripoxvirus is summarized.

Epidemiological Study and Therapy of Canine Distemper in Lanzhou

QI Shan-shan;ZHENG Hong-xing

2009, 36(10): 133-135.

Abstract ( 1293 )

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To get the relationship between morbidity, fatality of canine distemper to the age, species, immunifaction of dog and the seasons in Lanzhou, get a suit of effective method to cure canine distemper, one hundred and eight cases of canine distemper were collected， carrying out deeply research from epidemiology，clinical symptoms， differential diagnosis，pathological autopsy，therapy and so on. There were closeness relationship between morbidity, fatality of canine distemper to the age, species, immunifaction of dog and seasons. It could be get best treatment effectiveness through using passive immunity (blood serum of canine distemper，monoclonal antibody of canine distemper) and active immunity (vaccine of feeble toxicum).

Effect of Compound Recipe Andrographitis on the Structure of Intestinal Mucosa of Arbor Acre Broilers

DU Kun-peng;;WANG Xin-zhuang;ZHANG Bao-long;WANG Wei-wei;YAN Ying-ying;ZHANG Jing-fang

2009, 36(10): 136-139.

Abstract ( 1488 )

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To study effect of compound recipe andrographitis on the structure of intestinal mucosa of Arbor Acres. 240 Arbor Acre broilers of one day old were divided into four treatments: A, B, C and control group. Experimental group supplemented with different production by requirement in the rage of Arbor Acres from 1 to 42 days of age. Taking intestinal tract of 7, 35 and 42 days broiler, measured the villi height, crypt depth, intestinal paries thickness. The results showed that: A, B group have significant increased in villi height（P＜0.05）; crypt depth has significant decreased（P＜0.05）;35 days’ C group have significant increased in intestinal paries thickness（P＜0.05）. The results indicated that compound recipe and rographitis have significantly increased villi height, decreased crypt depth and intestinal paries thickness.

Treatment Effect and Purification Effect on Rabbit Psoroptes Disease of Long-acting Ivermectin Injection

LAI Wei-min;YANG Guang-you;YU Hui-ling

2009, 36(10): 140-141.

Abstract ( 1426 )

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75 rabbits naturally infected with psoroptes disease were treated with long-acting Ivermectin injection at a dose of 0.3 mL/kg body weight. The cure rate was 98.67% and there was no relapse in 5 months long except one rabbit. The results showed that the long-acting Ivermectin injection was high efficient.

Study on Immunogenicity of H5 Subtype Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Inactivated Vaccine in Different Day-old Poultry

LI Feng-yi;XU Feng;LI Fen;LIU Yu-jie

2009, 36(10): 145-146.

Abstract ( 1316 )

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To identify the maternal antibody and immune dynamics of avian influenza virus, the layers of different age were immunized, and conducted tracking detection to provide a scientific basis for the scientific development of the immune process of poultry. The experimental results show that the level of maternal antibodies in chickens is related to the antibody level of breeding hens, HI antibody levels of H5 subtype of avian influenza of breeding hens and maternal antibodies of offspring rise and fall in direct proportion to the law. 

The Relation between LPB-ELISA Antibody Titers and Neutralization Antibody Titers of FMD

LI Le; MIAO Hai-sheng; HU Ji; ZHU Ming-wang; LI Hua-chun

2009, 36(10): 147-150.

Abstract ( 1558 )

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The serum neutralizing antibody titer reflects the serum neutralization ability on virus infection. It is one of the important parameters for vaccine and virus infection evaluation. Liquid phase block ELISA is a method detecting antibody titer by the ELISA. So relationship between LPB-ELISA antibody titers and neutralizing antibody titer is valuable in vaccines and theoretical study. In this study, 90 bovine serum which were all collected from field were used to do LPB-ELISA test and neutralizing test. The results showed that there was correlation between the neutralizing antibody titer and the LPB-ELISA titers. The correlation coefficient was 0.642. But 41% tested antibody-negative samples detected by the LPB-ELISA was positive. By changing the criteria of LPB-ELISA positive，using suppression rate >0.7 calculation of antibody titer and 1/8 criteria, the LPB-ELISA results and the neutralizing antibody titer were in better coincidence, the false positive rate was reduced, so that LPB-ELISA was more suitable for foot and mouth disease serological monitoring and survey.

The Separation Appraisal and Drugs Susceptibility Test of Escherichia Coli in Guinea

WU Jian-zhong;LI Bo-qiang; LIU Rong-zhen

2009, 36(10): 151-152.

Abstract ( 1239 )

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The Escherichia coli strains from guinea disease-related materials were isolated, through cultivation, morphology, colony, dyeing, biochemistry test. Then drug sensitivity of the isolates were tested using fourty different chemical drugs. The drugs susceptibility test showed as following: very sensitive drugs accounted for 27.5%; high-sensitive drugs accounted for 12.5%; mid-sensitive drugs accounted for 20.0%; low-sensitive accounted for 17.5%; not sensitive drugs accounted for 22.5%. To prevent and cure Escherichia coli strain, Cefotaxime sodium, Sulperazon, Cefoperazone and Ceftriaxone sodium were the best.

Study on Correlation between H5N1(Re-4) Avian Influenza Virus Serum Antibody in Chickens and that in Yolk

JI Ai-ying;ZHANG Yan-chang;ZHAO Su-xing;WANG Fang;CHEN Chun-hua;CHENG Long

2009, 36(10): 153-155.

Abstract ( 1234 )

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Correlation between H5N1 (Re-4) avian influenza virus serum-antibody in chickens and that in yolk was studied. Chickens (115 d) were immunized, and during this time (135 d to 260 d) serum-antibody and yolk-antibody were monitored. Monitoring results proved that during this time (135 d to 260 d) HI antibody level of the two monitoring ways were high-correlative，and difference between serum HI antibody titer and yolk HI antibody titer was overwhelmed by value analysis. The result of t-test for equality of means was nonsignificant. So it was feasible that yolk replaced serum as monitor sample.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Pasteurellosis in Rhizomys sinensis

LIU Huan;SU Dan-ping;CHEN Min-hong;ZHANG Xian-hao;HE Dong-sheng

2009, 36(10): 165-167.

Abstract ( 1307 )

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In December 2008, there occurred a serious disease that nearly 100 Rhizomys sinensis died in a group of 200 Rhizomys sinensis in Guangdong province. According to the epidemiological investigation, clinical symptoms, autopsy lesion, morphology, biochemical and mice inoculution test, a Rhizomys sinensis Pasteurella strain was isolated and confirmed. It was demonstrated that the isolate strain was highly sensitive to Penicillin, Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, CephalosporinⅥ in drug sensitivity test and resistant to other antibiotics，such as Kanamycin, Gentamicin, Lincomycin. Finally, the outbreak disease has been controlled timely with medication of high-sensitivity. It provided the diagnosis for the Rhizomys sinensis pasteurellosis in clinic.

Research Progress on Diagnosis Technology of Swine Influenza

BI Bao-liang;LI Jin-tao

2009, 36(10): 179-183.

Abstract ( 1536 )

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Swine influenza (SI) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza A virus. Primary diagnosis of SI include clinical symptoms and pathological changes, while a final diagnosis depend on laboratory diagnostic methods, such as electron microscopy, isolation and identification of virus, serological test, immunological test and molecular biological method. This paper reported recent research progress on traditional and moecular biological diagnostic techniques for swine influena, which will provides scientific basis for a further study and rapid diagnosis of swine influenza. 

Nutritional Manipulation of Pork Quality：A Review

LIU Hai-feng;ZHANG Xi;TAO Lin-li;LIU Yong

2009, 36(10): 184-187.

Abstract ( 1242 )

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Pork quality is evaluated by the degree of pH value, carnation, water holding capacity, the content of IMF and so on, is influenced by many factors, such as genetics, nutrition and feeding, and the slaughter program. And nutritional level is one of the most important factor. The study of local variety pork quality nutritional manipulation in China is rather weak, the effect of nutritive substances and interaction among nutritive substances to genetic expression of pork quality is very litter. In this article，the effects of energy，protein and Lys，vitamins，minerals on pork quality are explained，furthermore, the prospect of how to increase the local variety pork quality in China by nutritional manipulation.

The Effect of Pyroligneous Acid on Egg Performance of Laying Hens and Egg Quality

PING An;YANG Guo-ting;YU Xue-jun;WEI De-fu

2009, 36(10): 188-190.

Abstract ( 1297 )

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The effect of pyroligneous acid on egg performance of laying hens and egg quality studied in this paper. Brown hens of 219 day-old, on volume of feed 124 gram, randomly divided into group A, B, C and D, each group was individually fed with ration added with 0%, 0.5%, 0.75%, 1.0% pyroligneous acid. The experiment was 3 replications and 16 hens were used in every replication. Experimental period was 80 days. The result shows that egg production, laying rate, protein content and calcium content of egg in the groups added 0.5%, 0.75% pyroligneous acid in the rations are higher than the group without pyroligneous acid. Meanwhile, cholesterol content decreased pyroligneous acid. Egg production, laying rate is lower in the group added 1.0% pyroligneous acid in the ration than the group without any pyroligneous acid. The experiment confirmed that the hens ration added pyroligneous acid can improve hen’s egg productivity and egg quality.

Study on Degradation of Ofloxacin in Excrements of Chicken

PAN Xiao-cheng;ZHANG Dan-jun; CHENG Bao-yan; ZHAO Rui-hong; XU Shi-fu; TANG Chun-lian; HU Xiao-miao; ZHAN Kai;SUN Jun-xia

2009, 36(10): 193-197.

Abstract ( 1288 )

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Ofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics in the livestock and poultry industry， its residue in the excrement will has the adverse effect to the environment. Ofloxacin’s degeneration in the chicken excrement had been studied in different conditions. The results showed that ofloxacin in chicken excrement was very stable in photophobic condition， the degradation rate of ofloxacin was slow in the chicken excrement of fermentation，but under daylight illumination， the degradation rate of ofloxacin was high in chicken excrement.The degradation process of ofloxacin in chicken excrement could be evaluated on the basis of the first order kinetic equation as Ct=C0e-kt. Calculated by this equation， the half-life of ofloxacin in chicken excrement was (5.77±0.466) d under daylight illumination. The half-life of ofloxacin was (35.66±1.99) d in chicken excrement of fermentation.

Melanin Relevant Gene Research Progress in Domestic Animal

WU Yan-ping;HUO Jun-hong;XIE Jin-fang;XIE Ming-gui;JI Hua-yuan;LIU Lin-xiu;CHU Yi-shi;TANG Wei-guo

2009, 36(10): 198-200.

Abstract ( 1234 )

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The melanin plays an important role on animal black bone and body color formation. The research of recent years shows many genes are relevant to melanin. In this paper, we summarized the major genes influencing melanin and its research progress in domestic animal.

The PCR Detection and Cultivation in vitro of Babesia bovis

LV Wei;MA Su-zhen;SHEN Jiong-yu;JIAN Zi-jian

2009, 36(10): 201-204.

Abstract ( 1276 )

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The established method of PCR screen out the singleness infection sample. The cultivation of Babesia bovis in vitro was studied in this experiment. The results were shown that PCR test results showed effect was well and cultivation method of Babesia bovis in vitro could be established by conditions of the fresh blood which contained Babesia bovis, complete medium which contained 40% bovine serum and cultivation at 37 ℃ in 5% CO₂. The cultivating Babesia bovis could be survived for 14 days and subcultured for 13 times. The maximum percentage of parasitemia was reached to 12.5% and average value of parasitemia was 4%.

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