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Table of Content

20 November 2009, Volume 36 Issue 11
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动物营养与饲料科学
Effect of Different Urea Addition in Ration on Excretion of Urinary Purine Derivatives in Young Buffalo
PANG Chun-ying;ZOU Cai-xia;LI Li-li;LIANG Kun;WEI Sheng-ju;LI Shu-lu;YANG Bing-zhuang;BAI Jian-fei;XIA Zhong-sheng;LIANG Xian-wei
2009, 36(11):  5-8. 
Abstract ( 1413 )  
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Three buffalos(24-month-old) was used for three period digestive-metabolism trial, three treatments were concentrate 3 kg+elephant-grass 16.6 kg+15 g urea(A group);3 kg +elephant-grass 16.6 kg+30 g urea(B group);3 kg +elephant-grass 16.6 kg+45 g urea(C group).The results showed that with the urea addition in ration increased,the apparent digestibility of the the feed nutrients，nitrogen balance and N apparent digestibility in treatment B were best(P<0.05);urinary excretion of PD no significant difference between treatment(P>0.05);urinary excretion of creatinine was not significantly affected by urea addition in ration and the number stabilized at about 40 mmol/d(P>0.05).
Effect of Microbial Protease Hydrolyzed Soybean Meal on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers
LIU Ning;ZHANG Quan-yi;XU Ting-sheng;LEI Xue-qin
2009, 36(11):  9-11. 
Abstract ( 1510 )  
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microbial protease hydrolyzed soybean meal on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of 1 to 21-day-old broilers. A total of 336 female Cobb broilers were allocated into 4 treatments, including control group, experimental Ⅰ,Ⅱand Ⅲ group. Control diet was based on corn-soybean meal, and microbial protease hydrolyzed soybean meal was used to replace common soybean meal at 5%,10%,15% in experimentalⅠ,Ⅱand Ⅲ group, respectively. Results showed that experimental groups increased feed intake by 12% to 21% and body weight gain by 8% to 16% (P<0.05), and decreased ratios of feed to gain by 3% to 7% (P<0.05); and also improved the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, energy, calcium and phosphorus of broilers (P<0.05), compared to the control group. There were significant differences among experimental groups in growth performance and the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and calcium (P<0.05), but not for energy and phosphorus digestibility (P>0.05). The results suggested that soybean meal treated with microbial protease can improve the nutritional value of soybean protein and the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.
Recent Advance on the Hazard and Absorbent of Mycotoxin
DAI Yu-rui;SHI Ning;LI Shao-yu
2009, 36(11):  12-15. 
Abstract ( 1362 )  
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Mycotoxins of the contaminated feed and feedstuffs could result in serious economy loss to the livestock breeding.Study on hazard of mycotoxins and the right choice of absorbents of mycotoxins,which reduce the hazard of mycotoxins,is an urgent problem to be solved.This article described and focused on the harmfulness and absorbent of mycotoxins in feed.
Effect of Compound Biological Bacterium on the Performance of Broiler
XU Li-ping
2009, 36(11):  16-18. 
Abstract ( 1292 )  
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In order to study the effect of compound biological bacterium on the performance of broiler, 360 Aiweiyin broilers were chosen and divided them into four groups randomly.The contrasting groups are fed with basic grain ration and the groups for experiment are fed with the basic grain ration with Chlortetracycline(5 mg/kg)，1% and 2% compound biological bacterium.And then compare the performance of the broilers for experiment. The results showed that adding 1% and 2% compound biological bacterium to the basic grain ration can increase the increasing weight per day, the productiveness of fodder, the rate of survival, the rate of slaughter (P<0.05), and Chlortetracycline can be replaced by compound biological bacteriumto increase the performance of broiler.
Effect on the Mechanism for the Regulation of Nutrient Requirement and Metabolism by Immune Stress
FENG Yan;YANG Xiao-jun;YAO Jun-hu
2009, 36(11):  19-22. 
Abstract ( 1273 )  
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Animals always have complex relationships between nutrition and immune stress responses.Rational level of nutrients can enhance the immunity and diseases resistance.Deficiency of nutrients can induce the impairment of immune tissues and organs directly or indirectly，and results in many diseases consequently.Then，the immune stress responses resulting from the diseases influence the nutrients metabolism of the body.In this paper，we have reviewed how the animals absorb and utilize the nutrients in different state of immune stress and the mechanism of the regulation.
The Metabolism of Glutamine Dipeptides and its Application in Weaned Piglets
YUAN Xue-bo;MA Li;YAN Da-wei;CHEN Heng-can;GUO Rong-fu
2009, 36(11):  23-26. 
Abstract ( 1474 )  
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Glutamine dipeptides are composed of glutamine and other amino acids．Recently，it has been paid attention to its special biological functions by animal nutritionists．At present,many researchers have studied glutamine dipeptides in animals．This article intensively reviewed the metabolism of glutamine dipeptides and the effects on growth performance, energy utilization and antioxidation function of weaned piglets. 
生理生化
The Effects of IL-10 on Dendritic Cells Infected by Foot-and-mouth Virus
LANG Xu-long;WANG Xing-long;SUN Chun-hui;ZHANG Fu-xian;BU Zhao-yang;LU Hao;TANG Jie;DANG Yuan;WANG Ying-chao
2009, 36(11):  27-29. 
Abstract ( 1422 )  
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Dendritic cells (DC) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APC) of the immune system, so it has a special place in induce of immune response. We thought that IL-10 have important effects through the process of viral infection. In this research the IL-10 and IL-10 neutralizing antibody were used to regulate the immune state of DCs when they were infected by FMDVs, the results showed that IL-10 can affect the immune regulation in the course of FMDV infection.
The Research Progress of Na+ -K+ -ATP ase in Erythrocyte in Holstein Cows
WANG Ze-ying;HUANG Jin-ming;WANG Chang-fa;LI Qiu-ling;ZHONG Ji-feng;WANG Gen-lin
2009, 36(11):  30-36. 
Abstract ( 1523 )  
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The paper reviewed the molecular structure and the basic characteristics, distribution, mechanism, regulation and control mechanisms, physiological functions, affecting factors and their relationship with the heat stress of Na+ -K+ -ATP ase in erythrocyte in Holstein cows.
Effect of Dietary Vitamin C Levels on the Part of Immune Organ Index and the Immune Fuction of Newcastle Disease
QIU Rong-bin;ZHANG Min-jun
2009, 36(11):  37-40. 
Abstract ( 1337 )  
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To explore the effects of different dietary vitamin C（VC） levels on immune fuctions of layer，240 forty-five-day-old Roman brown eggshell layers were randomly allocated to five groups(A,B，C，D，E) with 48 layers for each group which had 4 replicates(12 layers per cage). A group was control and B，C，D，E groups were injected with I series of Newcastle disease vaccine in subcutaneous.The basic diet with VC levels of 0，250，500，750 mg/kg were fed to B，C，D，E groups, and the spleen，thymus，bursal’s organ index and serum HI were measured once a week.The results showed that the immune organ index of spleen and thymus in C,D,E groups which were fed with VC in diet were significantly (P<0.05) or very significantly (P<0.01) higher than B group. The bursal’s organ indexes were significantly higher than B group (P<0.05) in 21 and 28 days, and the HI antibody titer was very significantly higher than B group (P<0.01).The optimal dosage of VC in diet was 500 mg/kg(P<0.05). The results suggest that optimal dosage of VC level can promote the growth and development of layer immune organ of spleen，thymus and bursal’s organ in diet of the layers, and also significantly enhance the synthesis and secretion of antibodies in the immune system to improve the body’s immune function of layers.
Study Progress in Bactericidal/Permeability Increasing Protein
XIAO Jing;LI Xiao-li;TONG Liang;LI Yan-bing;GUI Yi;LI Jin-tao;ZHANG Yi-fang
2009, 36(11):  41-43. 
Abstract ( 1280 )  
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The bactericidal/ permeability increasing protein (BPI), a cationic antibacterial and endotoxin-neutralizing activity protein located in neutrophilic granulocytes has a good prospect in clinical treatment of Gram-negative infections. The molecule structure, biological function, functional mechanisms and clinical research of BPI are summarized in this review.
Investigative Advancement on Extracellular Matrix of Endometrium
WANG Guo-qing;ZHANG Nai-sheng;GUO Meng-yao;YANG Zheng-tao
2009, 36(11):  44-47. 
Abstract ( 1179 )  
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Extracellular matrix(ECM)of endometrium was an important factor which kept biological function of the uterus.The expression of ECM would change with the reproductive cycle. The uterine disease happened,the ECM abnormal expression.The metabolism of ECM is adjusted by matrix metalloproteinase and the inhibitor of tissue,and it was closely related to the ovarian hormone. The expression of ECM can reflect the uterine status,and it was intimate correlate with uterine function.So it became one of the hot spots on the study.The characteristics of ECM expression on the endometrium,the rules of the metabolism and the regulatory mechanism were the summary in this article， and discussed the effect of them in the disease of dairy cow uterus.
The Progress on Molecular Mechanism of Apoptosis Induced by Cadmium
WANG Zhi-mei;JIA Guang-le;ZHANG Ying
2009, 36(11):  48-50. 
Abstract ( 1242 )  
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Cadmium is known as a harmful metal to human and animal health, and can induce apoptosis in many kinds of cells. The main signal transduction pathways of apoptosis induced by cadmium are mitochondrion pathway and the death receptor pathway. The molecular mechanism of apoptosis was reviewed from the two pathways, and the effect induced by cadmium and other metal. 
生物技术
Sequence Analysis and Eukaryotic Expression of Oryctolagus cuniculus (Breed Angola and Breed Rex) Interleukin-4(IL-4) Gene
LIAO Yan;YANG Guang-you;LAI Song-jia;YU Hui-ling;ZHENG Jing;GU Xiao-bin;MU Jing;AN Xiao-xue
2009, 36(11):  51-56. 
Abstract ( 1504 )  
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Rabbit interleukin-4 cDNA from lymphocyte was synthesized by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from mRNA extracted from blood lymphocytes of Angola and Rex rabbit, which were stimulated by 10 μg/mL Con A in vitro. The interleukin-4 cDNA was cloned into pMD18-T vector for sequence. The full cDNA length of the IL-4 gene was 441 bp in Angola and Rex rabbits. The IL-4 encoded a peptide of 147 amino acids, containing signal peptide composed of 24 amino acids and mature interleukin-4 gene composed of 123 amino acids. The Angola and Rex rabbits had 61.8%, 63.4%, 69.8%, 65.1%, 64.1%, 64.1%, 63.1%, 57.0% and 60.5% identity with the IL-4 genes of dog, cat, human, pig, cow, horse, goat, panda and rat, respectively. The deduced amino acid had 47.2%, 50.0%, 53.6%, 52.1%, 48.3%, 46.9%, 52.1%, 43.7% and 43.0% identity with the expressed IL-4 of dog, cat, human, pig, cow, goat, horse, panda and rat, respectively. The recombinant plasmid was transfected by lipofectin to COS-7. Expression of IL-4 gene was detected by RT-PCR. The transient expression product has some biological activities analyzed by MTT.
The Eukaryotic Expression of gK Gene of Pseudorabies Virus Ea Strain
XU Yin-di;CHEN Huan-chun;XIAO Shao-bo
2009, 36(11):  57-59. 
Abstract ( 1307 )  
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A pair of primers was synthesized according to the sequence of PRV Ka strain. The fragment containing gK gene coding domains was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using BamH I 5′ fragment of PRV Ea strain as template. The fragment was cloned into pBluescriptIISK+, resulting recombination plasmid pSKgK. Then the gK gene was cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-C1, following the EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein). The recombinant plasmid pEGFPgK were transfected into BHK-21 cell with lipofectin and selected under G418, until the normal BHK-21 cell die out. Expression protein was detected under inverted fluorescence microscope. The results showed that gK gene was expressed in the cytomembrane and cytoplasm of BHK-21 cell.
Current Research on the Genomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria
LIU Hai-yan;SU Xiu-xia;CHEN Qun
2009, 36(11):  60-62. 
Abstract ( 1303 )  
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In this paper, current researches on the genomics of lactic acid bacteria were reviewed, including genome sequencing, characteristics of metabolism and important functional gene.
Metagenomic Analysis of the Microorganisms in Animals
LI Shan-shan;WANG Jia-qi;WEI Hong-yang; YANG Yong-xin; LIU Kai-lang;ZHAO Sheng-guo;BU Deng-pan
2009, 36(11):  63-65. 
Abstract ( 1468 )  
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With the development of molecular biology and its application in microbiology，a emerging field of metagenomics has been developed rapidly. Metagenomics，comprising extracting total community DNA，constructing genomic library，and analyzing library with similar strategies for functional genomics，provides a powerful tool to study the microorganisms in the complex habitats. In this context，we will review some of the databases and technologies that are used in the study of genome composition of individual strains or species of animal bacteria，as well as the metagenomic analysis of gastrointestinal microorganisms.
The Latest Research Progress of Animal miRNA
ZHU Wen-qi;CHEN Kuan-wei;LI Hui-fang;SONG Wei-tao;ZHANG Jing
2009, 36(11):  66-69. 
Abstract ( 1522 )  
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The recent discovery of miRNAs ranged from 22 nucleotides to 24 nucleotides, took many by surprise because of their unorthodox features and widespread functions. miRNA is relevant to gene expression, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis, which may play an important role in the research of gene function, disease prevention and treatment. The author reviews the discovery, biological function, forming mechanism and research methods of miRNA.
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies against Matrix Protein ofPRRSV NVDC-JXA1 Strain
WANG Yuan;HU Hong-hui;QIN Ya-man;ZHANG Qian;DENG Xiao-yu;CAO Zhen;WANG Chuan-bin;RAN Duo-liang;TIAN Ke-gong
2009, 36(11):  70-73. 
Abstract ( 1658 )  
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To develop and characterize monoclonal antibody (McAb) against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus NVDC-JXA1 strain (PRRSV NVDC-JXA1 strain) for related research work.BALB/c mice were immunized conventionally with the purified virions of PRRSV NVDC-JXA1 strain.On the third day after the final immunization，spleen cells of mice fused with myeloma cells SP2/0 were filtered by culturing selectively，diluting finitely，enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IFA test，to obtain the subtypes from the clone line by ELISA test.As a result，the cell lines secreted McAbs stably by culturing in vitro and recovery tests were obtained and named as 1D12，5H5 respectively，the ELISA titers of ascites was 1∶107，1∶105 respectively.The subtypes of the two McAbs were identified as IgG2b and IgM，Kappa light chain.The two McAbs reacted specifically with only matrix protein of PRRSV but not with PRV，PPV，PCV，CSFV，JEV by indirect-ELISA.The McAbs will be very useful as specific reagents in diagnosis and control of PRRS.
Research on Expression of Large White Pig Transthyretin Gene on Different Days
YANG Guo-wei;ZHANG Dong-jie;FU Xiang-kui;HE Xin-miao;LIU Di
2009, 36(11):  74-76. 
Abstract ( 1319 )  
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Expression level of TTR gene in large white pig heart, liver, stomach, spleen, kidney, lung, large intestine, small intestine, muscle, uterus and ovary on 1, 90, 180, 270 and 360 d were studied by RT-PCR method. The results showed that TTR mRNA was continue expressed in liver, uterus and ovary, and continue higher expressed in liver, it was accord with RBP mRNA. It was higher expressed in eleven tissues on 1 d, but lower in other tissues except heart, liver and stomach on 90 d.
Cloning, Sequence Analysis and Construction of Prokaryotic Expression Vector of the FSH Alpha Subunit Gene in Zi Goose
GUO Jing-ru;YANG Huan-min;CAI Jun;LI Peng;KANG Bo
2009, 36(11):  77-81. 
Abstract ( 1264 )  
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The total RNA was extracted from the pituitary of Zi goose, and the cDNA of the FSHα was amplified by RT-PCR. The amplified FSHα gene is 396 bp in length. The FSHα gene was cloned into the vector pMD18-T. The positive clones were verified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence were compared with homologous sequences from available species including chicken, quail, turkey, mouse, sheep, cattle, et al. Sequence alignment showed that FSHα gene in these species were highly conservative. FSHα gene had the highest homology of 95.9% with chicken, quail and turkey in nucleotide, and had the highest homology of 97.5% with chicken, quail and turkey in amino acids. Then the clones of FSHα gene were inserted into pET-32a (+) prokaryotic expression vector.
Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody against Bovine Resistin and the Establishment of ELISA Method
SUN Jia;LI Xiao-bing;KONG Tao;XU Chao;WANG Zhao-peng;YANG Wei;LIU Lei;WANG Zhe
2009, 36(11):  82-84. 
Abstract ( 1278 )  
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The purified solubility recombinant resistin was used as antigen for immunizing rabbit to obtain resistin polyclonal antibody.The polyclonal antibody was purified,titer and specificity was determined.Then indirect ELISA action for cattle resistin detection was established. 
遗传繁育
Detection by Microsatellite in Population of Dahe Pigs
YANG Ting;LIAN Lin-sheng
2009, 36(11):  85-88. 
Abstract ( 1217 )  
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20 microsatellite primer sites recommended by FAO (food and agricultural organization) and ISAG (international society of animal genetics) were used to detect the genotypes of 83 individuals in conservation population of Dahe pig. The effect of conservation was analyzed and detected by calculating allele frequency, heterozygosity (H), polymorphism information content (PIC), the number of effective allele, and coefficient of inbreeding. The results showed that the genetic polymorphism of the Dahe pig, as a local breed of pig, in 20 microsatellite sites was affluent with 137 alleles averaging 6.85, 104 effective alleles averaging 5.2; the genetic diversity was abundant in Dahe pig. The heterozygosity was 0.792 and the PIC was 0.765.
Optimization of in vitro Culture Conditions of Pig Preimplantation Embryos
WANG Yuan;SUN Shuang;LIU Zhong-feng;LV Ming;WANG Feng;HUAN Yan-jun;ZHOU Jia-bo;LIU Zhong-hua
2009, 36(11):  89-92. 
Abstract ( 1296 )  
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This study examined the effect of medium change and supplemented with fetal bovine serum(FBS), high osmolarity and the optimal concentrations of vitamin E on development of porcine embryos derived from in vitro fertilization(IVF) or parthenogenetic activation (PA), in further to improve the in vitro culture conditions of pig preimplantation embryos. Experiment 1: The medium change group of embryos were cultured in PZM-3, which was changed to fresh medium on days 2 and 4. The FBS group of embryos were cultured in the change system up to day 4 and then cultured in PZM-3 supplemented with 10% FBS instead of BSA from Day 4 to 7. Experiment 2: Sucrose group and NaCl group embryos were cultured in a modified PZM-3(300 to 320 mOsmol) with 0.05 mol/L sucrose or increased NaCl to 138 mmol/L for the first 2 days, and then cultured in PZM-3(288 mOsmol) for the next 5 days. Experiment 3: Embryos were respectively cultured in a modified PZM-3 with 50, 100, 200 μmol/L vitamin E for the whole culture period. All the control group of embryos were cultured in PZM-3 (288 mOsmol) for 7 days. In the first experiment, the FBS group showed a significantly higher rate of blastocyst compared to the control and the medium change group both of IVF embryos and PA embryos (P<0.05). In experiment 2, IVF embryos cultured in NaCl group showed a significantly higher rate of cleavage and blastocyst compared to the control and sucrose group (P<0.05). In the last experiment , IVF embryos cultured in a modified PZM-3 with 100 μmol/L vitamin E showed a significantly higher developmental rate to the blastocyst stage compared to the control (P<0.05). These results indicate that a change to fresh medium and inclusion of FBS in the medium during the late stages of culture can promote the development on both of IVF and PA embryos. The higher osmolarity (increased NaCl to 138 mmol/L) at the early embryonic stage and the supplementing porcine embryo culture medium with 100μmol/L vitamin E can promote the in vitro development of porcine IVF embryo.
PCR-SSCP Analysis on AHCY Gene in Holstein Cows
LI Tuo;CHU Ming-xing;WANG Jin-yu;AN Yong-fu;DI Ran;FANG Li
2009, 36(11):  93-96. 
Abstract ( 1245 )  
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The AHCY (S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase) gene was studied as a candidate gene for mastitis resistance in 210 Holstein cows. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of all exons (exons 1 to 10) of AHCY gene were detected with thirteen pairs of primers by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) in 210 Holstein cows. No polymorphism was detected in the amplified region in the ten exons tested, this result indicated that the genetic markers that affect the mastitis resistance in Holstein cows may not exist in the detected exons of AHCY gene.
Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Reproductive Traits of Tibet Pig
ZHANG Hao;CHAMBA Yangzom;LING Yao;YANG Tao;WU Ke-liang
2009, 36(11):  97-98. 
Abstract ( 1309 )  
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Tibet pig is a special Chinese indigenous pig breed native to high-altitude areas of Tibet. In the present study, the genetic parameters of reproductive traits Tibet pig population were estimated using the method of MTDFREML. The results showed that the heritability of nipple number, total number born, number born alive, litter weight at birth, litter size at weaning, and litter weight at weaning were 0.36, 0.12, 0.10, 0.13, 0.09 and 0.12 respectively. The genetic correlations of nipple number with litter weight at weaning, litter weight at birth and litter size at weaning were significant. 
Research of Telomere Length in Cloned Animals
LV Kun;LIN Dan;HUANG Ying
2009, 36(11):  99-104. 
Abstract ( 1435 )  
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Telomeres are composed of repeated DNA sequences and specific DNA-binding proteins, which form a nucleoprotein complex at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes, and play an important role in the replication and stability of the telomeres. Recent researches indicate that telomere-shorten is closely related to disease and aging of the human. Being considered as an available instrument of agamogenesis, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is widely applied in research and production. However, restricted by the fact that donor cells are always adult somatic cells, which contain shortened telomeres, it is significant to ensure whether telomeres of cloned animals are restored in the embryogenesis or not. In this article, authors review the latest researches about the structure of telomere, telomere maintain mechanism and telomere length of cloned mammals.
Effects of LEPR Gene on Litter Size in Luchuan and Large White Pig
ZHANG Bing;PAN Tian-biao;LAN Hai-en;QIN Qian-tao;SUN Jun-li;HUANG Min-rui
2009, 36(11):  105-107. 
Abstract ( 1293 )  
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To compare the effects of LEPR gene on litter size, the author used PCR-SSCP to test it’s genotypic frequency, and analyzed the effect of various genotypes on total number born (TNB) and number born alive (NBA) within Luchuan and large white pigs. The results showed that LEPR gene had significant effects on the first parity and the average TNB，NBA in Luchuan pigs (P<0.05), and had significant effects on the first parity TNB，NBA in large white pigs (P<0.05), but no effects on the average TNB，NBA in large white pigs (P>0.05). 
Study on the Developmental Competence of Equine Oocytes after ICSI and the Corpus Luteum Ultrastructure during Post-pregnancy Period in Mare
WANG Rong-xiang;YE Xiao-fang;ZHANG Guo-ting;CHEN Jing-bo
2009, 36(11):  108-113. 
Abstract ( 1338 )  
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of initial cumulus morphology (expanded or compact)，systems of in vitro maturation (TCM 199 or NCSU 23) and duration of in vitro maturation (34 or 38 h) on the developmental competence of equine oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) in non-breeding season.Oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse-derived ovaries，matured in vitro，and injected with frozen-thawed stallion sperm. The study on the developmental competence of equine oocytes after ICSI indicated that：① The maturation rates of expanded (Ex) oocytes were significantly higher than those of compact (Cp) oocytes (P<0.05，61.09% vs 41.24%).Thirty-six hours after ICSI of mature oocytes，the rate of cleavage with normal morphology was no significant difference with expanded or compact oocytes (P>0.05，47.34% vs 44.92%). ② Two different systems of in vitro maturation did not affect development of embryos from expanded or compact oocytes at 36 h after ICSI (P>0.05).The maturation rates of expanded oocytes were significantly higher than compact oocytes when matured in the same system (P<0.05)，but there is no significant difference for the rate of cleavage with normal morphology at 36 h after ICSI(P>0.05). ③ The maturation rates were higher for oocytes matured for 38 h than for those matured for 34 h (44.43% to 68.87% vs 34.52% to 58.90%). The rate of cleavage with normal morphology at 36 h after ICSI with or without activation were significantly higher for expanded oocytes matured in TCM 199 for 34 h than matured for 38 h with activation (P>0.05)，for compact oocytes matured in TCM 199 for 34 h with activation(P<0.05)，and for expanded oocytes matured in NCSU 23 for 38 h without activation (P<0.05). ④ Yet，combined activation with ionomysin and 6-DMAP did not affect the rate of cleavage with normal morphology at 36 h after ICSI (P>0.05).These data indicate that developmental competence differs between expanded and compact equine oocytes，and is differentially affected by the duration of maturation.
Relationship of Genetic Polymorphism of PRL Gene with Reproduction Trait in Pig
ZHANG Dong-jie
2009, 36(11):  118-119. 
Abstract ( 1300 )  
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Genotype and allele frequencies of PRL in two hundred and sixty one hybrid pigs were detected by PCR-RFLP. The relationship between different genotypes and birth weight, body weight on 30 days and effective teat number were analyzed. The results showed that birth weight and body weight on 30 days of BB were higher than others, and effective teat number of CC was higher than others, but the difference was not significant.
疾病防治
The Prevalence, Prevention and Control of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Disease
ZHANG Hui-min;ZHENG Ming-xue;GU Shao-peng;MA Hai-li; WANG Dong;LI Yang-tao;XU Zhi-wei;ZHANG Jian-meng;WANG Zhen-hua;WANG En-feng
2009, 36(11):  120-122. 
Abstract ( 1640 )  
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Bovine viral diarrhea disease was a kind of acute, hot infectious disease caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus, which also infected pigs, goats, deer and other kinds of wild animals except cattle, and brought a large economy losses to the livestock industry all over the world. The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea disease were summarized and the prevention and control measures were presented.
Effects of Xylazine on Erythrocyte Adhesion and Membrane Fluidity in Dogs
LI Jing;HU Chong-wei;MOU Chan;MA Hai-kun;GAO Li
2009, 36(11):  123-125. 
Abstract ( 1551 )  
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Study on the effect of Xylazine on erythrocyte adhesion and membrane fluidity in dogs. 12 healthy dogs were selected in this experiment, were injected Xylazine 3.0 mg/kg by weight with intramuscular injection, collected the blood 5 mL from peripheral vein at the times of 0 (before injected Xylazine) and 2, 8, 24, 72, 120, 168 h after injected Xylazine, than the blood were centrifugalized to dissociate the erythrocyte, got the erythrocyte suspension and gained the erythrocyte membranes which were detected the C3b acceptor chaplet rate, immunocomplex chaplet rate and erythrocyte fluidity. The results were following:①There was a downtrend of the C3b acceptor chaplet rate at 2 h after injecting Xylazine, but the difference with the control group was not significant (P>0.05), there was highly significant difference with the control group at 8 h, since then began to restore and returned to normal at 168 h. But the immunecomplex chaplet rate showed the opposite trend, it was very significant higher than the control group at 2 to 24 h from injecting Xylazine, returned to normal at 72 h and there was not significant difference with the control group (P>0.05). ②Detected the erythrocyte membrane fluidity by fluorescence polarization, the results showed that membrane fluidity was increased, but there was not significant difference with the control group (P>0.05). The conclusions indicated that there were effect of Xylazine anaesthesia on the erythrocyte immunization adhesion and membrane fluidity in dogs, but the influences on membrane fluidity were not significant.
Progress on New Types of Foot-and-mouth Disease Vaccine
BAI Jing;XU Chong-bo;ZHANG Qiang;GAO Feng-shan
2009, 36(11):  126-129. 
Abstract ( 1493 )  
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Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus and infect cloven-hoofed animals. It is suffering from acute, fever, sexually transmitted diseases contact. Vaccination is still an effective measure to prevent and control FMD. The main foot-and-mouth vaccines are attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines and new vaccines. Since the 1980s, genetic engineering subunit vaccines, synthetic peptide vaccines, vaccine vectors, gene deletion vaccines and recombinant vaccine epitopes, the DNA vaccine and other new types of vaccine research has become increasingly active. The progress of types of vaccine are reviewed.
Study on the Bursal Trauma and Immune Effect of Commercial Chicken IBD Live Vaccines
YANG Heng-dong;LIU Xue-xian;GAO Song
2009, 36(11):  132-134. 
Abstract ( 1351 )  
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SPF chickens were inoculated with three commercial moderate-virulent IBD live vaccines at 9, 22 days old respectively, and blood sample were collected to detect the antibody from 5 chickens selected randomly from each group at 2, 9, 21 days old separately after the 22 day inoculation. The bursal trauma caused by vaccines were also checked. The results showed that the all three vaccines had caused different lesion on chicken bursa and the lesion would be reviwed after a certain period. And the antibody level of the three live vaccines were also different.
Epidemiological Investigation of Canine Parvovirus
GENG Zhi-xian;SHI Yan-sheng;ZHENG Ya-ping;QIU Xu-fang;ZHOU Xiao-li;KONG De-qiang
2009, 36(11):  135-137. 
Abstract ( 1389 )  
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To provide the basis for the disease prevention,diagnosis and therapy, epidemiological investigation of canine parvovirus was carried out. 189 stool samples of dogs suffered from diarrhea, vomiting, blood feces and other signs were detected for antigen with canine parvovirus detection kit during 2008.And 16 samples of canine parvovirus-positive cases combined with fever, cough signs were detected for canine distemper virus at the same time. The cases of canine parvovirus-positive was 137. Dogs aged from 1 month to 15-years-old could be infected.There was a high incidence in 6-months-old and more young animals, accounting for 65.7%,little difference among four seasons during the year, slightly more cases in spring, accounting for 27.0%. Canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus were found at the same time in 12 cases, accounting for 8.8%. Three of four samples were appeared to be positive for canine parvovirus during the term of vaccination protection.Conclusions: ①Immunity has not yet been established,which is the main cause in puppies. ②Not in accordance with established procedures to strengthen the immunity of animals is the main cause in adult dogs. ③There are a few puppies co-infected with canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus. ④Aging animals are in low level on the immune response,which can lead to immune failure.
Observation on the Lungs Consolidation of Doubtful Case of PRDC by Microscope
HAO Lin;CHEN Wei-wei;YAO Jin-shui
2009, 36(11):  143-142. 
Abstract ( 1283 )  
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The study used pathology methods to observe and research the five natural doubtful respiratory syndrome cases. The results showed that: the lungs was paleness, Most of the cases were hard cases. Under the microscope, the lungs Consolidation mainly represent alveolar wall and interstitial substance widened, bronchial wall thickened, macrophagocyte accumulation and proliferation, but mechanocyte increased in non-dominant. The microscopic pathological information in this study contributed to porcine respiratory disease syndrome clinic diagnosis. 
Infulence on Antibody-producing Cells in Local Mucosal Immune Tissues of Chickens Secondarily Infected with Eimeria necatrix
JIA Fu-bo;ZHENG Shi-min
2009, 36(11):  143-145. 
Abstract ( 1134 )  
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One hundred and eighty 14-days-old chickens were divided randomly into coccidian primary infection group(N), coccidian secondary infection group(NS), and control group(C). Immune indexes were examined by using immunohistochemistry staining test. The number of IgA, IgM, IgG antibody-producing cells of 14-days-old chickens secondarily infected with Eimeria necatrix were elevated at different degree compared with that of control. The results indicated that the function of local mucosal immune tissues of chickens secondarily-infected with Eimeria necatrix were significantly increased.
The Separation, Identification, Prevention and Control Measures Research of Swine Streptococcus
ZHANG Yi;LI Yi
2009, 36(11):  151-153. 
Abstract ( 1235 )  
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In order to prevent and treat swine streptococcosis, 9 strains of virulent Streptococcus were isolated from pathologic tissue of dead swine in Shenyang.The results indicated that one strain was S.porcinus and the others were S.equi subsp. zooepidemicus by bacterial isolation and identification. High-sensitive medicine against various strains were screened through medicine sensitivity test.Two strains were selected to prepare vaccine, the result indicated that the strains had well immunogenicity and could be used to prepare vaccine.
流行病防治
Research Progress of the Proteins of Swine Influenza Virus
XIE Jin-wen;MIAO Li-zhong;SHEN Zhi-qiang;
2009, 36(11):  157-161. 
Abstract ( 1264 )  
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Swine influenza which is induced by swine influenza virus is an infections disease of pigs. Swine influenza occurring widely all over the country resulted in enormous economic loss of culturists. Swine influenza virus belongs to influenza A virus of Orthomyxoviridae. The proteins of the swine influenza virus which includes hemagglutinin(HA), neuraminidase(NA), nucleocapsid protein(NP), matrix protein(M), pclymerase protein(PA, PB1, PB2), non-structural protein(NS) are briefly summarized in this article. It is hoped to offer reference in the research of epidemiology, diagnosis, molecule epidemiology of swine influenza virus.
Isolation and Identification of a Variant of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
WANG Cong-hui;HOU Shao-hua;JIA Hong;XIN Ting;DING Min;ZHU Hong-fei
2009, 36(11):  166-171. 
Abstract ( 1240 )  
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A porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain was isolated from visceral organs of a dead piglet obtained from a large-scale breeding farm and designated as PRRSV-CHD. It became cell-adapted and stable after several passages in Marc-145 cell line. The results showed that PRRSV-CHD could cause cytopathic effect (CPE) in Marc-145 cell line and the titer was 10-6 TCID50/0.1 mL, while no CPE appeared in Vero cell line and BHK-21 cell line. The results of indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) tests indicated that the specific fluorescence could be detected in cytoplasm of infected cells. The strain we isolated was proved to be American genotype of PRRSV by sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis with VR2332, CH-1a, HUN4 sequences. There were two non-continued deletions in the Nsp2 region of viral genome, that were 3 nucleotides deletions between
2780 and 2782 nt and 87 nucleotides deletions between 2933 and 3019 nt compared with VR2332, CH-1a, and so on, which proved the strain to be a variant PRRSV strain.
动物生产
Analysis of Fitting Growth Model in Wenchang Chicken
ZHU Wen-qi;LI Hui-fang;WU Rong-rong;DU De-ying;XU Wen-juan;SONG Wei-tao;XIAO Xiao-jun;CHEN Kuan-wei
2009, 36(11):  191-193. 
Abstract ( 1776 )  
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The objective was to study the growth and development rules of Wenchang chicken.Three nonlinear curves of Logistic, Gompertz and Bertallanffy model were used to fit the growth model in Wenchang chicken of both sex. The results indicated that the growth curves were appropriately fitted with three models, but the Gompertz model had the best effect on fitting with the growth curves. The Wenchang cock and hen grew approximately consistent before the age of 4 weeks, but cock grew faster than hen after the age of 4 weeks. It is feasible to analyze and fit the growth curve of the Wenchang chicken using the three models.
Research on Growth and Development Rule of Bayinbuluk Sheep
NI Man;YU Shi-gang;LIU Wu-jun
2009, 36(11):  194-197. 
Abstract ( 1257 )  
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Under grazing condition, some Bayinbuluk sheep and its crossbred with Dorset were selected as subject, observe their growth from birth to six months old. In addition, observe effect of supplement of pregnant ewe on their lambs. Results showed that maximum growth is from 2 to 3 months, then from 1 to 2 months， 0 to 1 months. The body weight decreased from 4 to 5 months.Then increased from 5 to 6 months. Supplement to pregnant ewe has not effect on their lambs. Significant advantage on growth of crossbred of Dorset and Bayinbuluk sheep can be observed.
Research on Accumulation Rule of Thiamine in Chicken Muscle
WANG Ke-hua;DOU Tao-cun;QU Liang;HU Yu-ping;HONG Jun
2009, 36(11):  198-199. 
Abstract ( 1171 )  
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To research the accumulation rule of thiamine in muscle, Rugao Chicken(RG) and Wenchang Chicken(WC) were sampled as family, age and tissue，and the thiamine content in samples were detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The results showed that, there were significant or extremely significant differences(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) between different breeds, families, ages and tissues. Furthermore，thiamine’s heritability was -0.494, and the genetic correlation with body weight was -0.404. The results demonstrated that accumulation of thiamine in body were impacted by genetic factors, and changed with time and tissues. So thiamine concentration could be improved by selection. 
A Relevance Analysis between Body Side and Body Weight of Henan Small Tail Han Sheep
TIAN Ya-lei;GAO Teng-yun;BAI Ji-wu;FU Tong;SUN Yu;LIU Xian
2009, 36(11):  200-202. 
Abstract ( 1289 )  
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In order to research the correlation between body size and body weight of Henan small tail han sheep and dedicate to new breeding selection work. This paper analyzed the correlation between body size and body weight of 98 Henan small tail han sheep with the SPSS software, based on Path Analysis and Correlation Analysis, and establish the most superior regression equation. The results showed that the body weight（〖AKY-〗） with the body height(X1), the body length（X2）,the heart girth（X3）,the chest width （X4）, chest depth(X5), tail width(X6) and tail length(X7) were significantly positive correlations (P<0.01). The direct action and the indirect action of the body length, the heart girth, the chest width and chest depth were extremely maximum. The most superior regression equation was 〖AKY-〗＝0.226X2＋0.535X3＋0.200X4.
Development and Application of the Livestock and Poultry ID Recognition
MA Jie; SHU Ding-ming;
2009, 36(11):  203-205. 
Abstract ( 1425 )  
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The ID recognition is to prevent the personal information being divulged in the human. The ID Card, password,signature, fingerprint, iris and DNA has been used quickly. Today, with the development of modern animal husbandry industry, the ID recognition has not only been used in the human, but also in livestock and poultry. This article reviews the development and application of the livestock and poultry ID recognition in diseases products, breeding, production and management and the domain of animal identification at the modern animal husbandry industry.
经验交流
A Bethanechol Chloride Injection Method of Bacterial Endotoxin Test
YANG Xiu-yu
2009, 36(11):  206-208. 
Abstract ( 1383 )  
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To test the bacterial endotoxin in bethanechol chloride for injection. Bacterial edotoxin test of the Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia was used. The test showed that inhibitory effect was not shown when the bethanechol chloride for injection was diluted to 0.01 mg/mL. Bacterial edotoxin test can be used monitoring of bethanechol chloride for injection.
Study on the Relationship of Swine Litter Size Alive and Uniformity of Newborn Piglets
LI Bi-xia;REN Shou-wen;WANG Xue-min
2009, 36(11):  209-211. 
Abstract ( 1313 )  
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In this study, author analyzed the relationship of swine litter size alive and uniformity of newborn piglets in Suzhong pure line and hybrid line, the results showed that with the increase in the number of swine litter size alive, average of newborn piglets weight gradually decreased, the standard deviation gradually increased, and uniformity gradually decreased. In Suzhong pure line, there was a positive correlation between swine litter size alive and the standard deviation, the difference reached a significant level (P<0.05); and existed a negative correlation with the average, the difference was extremely significant level (P<0.01); In Suzhong hybrid line, there was a positive correlation between swine litter size alive and the standard deviation, the difference reached a extremely significant level (P<0.01), and existed a negative correlation with the average, the difference was extremely significant level (P<0.01). At the same time, in different range of litter size, swine litter size alive significantly influenced average and the standard deviation of newborn piglets weight, there was a better economic range between swine litter size alive and uniformity of newborn piglets.
Effect of Temperature on Egg Production and Study on Daily Ovulatory Rules in Weishan Sheldrakes
WANG Gui-ying;ZHU Ming-xia;LIU Gui-qin;SI Zhen-shu
2009, 36(11):  212-213. 
Abstract ( 1264 )  
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The effect of temperature on egg production in Weishan Sheldrakes was observed in this study. The results showed that the adaptable temperature of egg-laying in Weishan Sheldrakes ranged from 23 to 28℃, the egg production varied directly with the temperature within certain premises. Daily ovulatory rules of Weishan Sheldrakes were summarized as follows: 3.906 percent began to lay eggs at 02∶00 in the morning; the peak of egg production period occurred between 04∶00 and 05∶00 in the morning, the proportion of eggs were 55.8 percent. Mostly Sheldrakes finished laying eggs after 10∶00 in the morning.
Study on Feeding Trial of Fodder Maize in Growing-Finishing Pig
LIU Hai-yan;YU Wei;SU Xiu-xia;LIU Xing-er;CAI Zhuo;XU Ming-yang
2009, 36(11):  214-216. 
Abstract ( 1270 )  
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The aim was to check out influence of fodder maize on the performance of growing-finishing pig. Twenty-one crossbred (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire), (40±1) kg growing-finishing pigs were randomly and equally separated into three treatments based on their weight. Pigs in each treatment were respectively fed diets supplemented with general maize (N group), Jildan 198 (T1 group), Jidn327 (T2 group) for 78 days. The daily gain of T1 group and T2 group increased 10.37%, 2.22% compared with control group respectively, the feed conversion rate of three groups are basically similar. The net profit of every pig in T1 group and T2 group increase 85.1 yuan and 36.1 yuan compared with control group respectively. The results indicate that fodder maize could enhance performance of growing-finishing pig and return revenue.