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Table of Content

20 August 2009, Volume 36 Issue 8
动物营养与饲料科学
The Study of Binding Efficacy of Different Adsorbents on Aflatoxin B1
LI Juan-juan;SU Xiao-ou
2009, 36(8):  5-9. 
Abstract ( 1664 )  
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The aim of this paper was to study the efficacy of three absorbents to sorb aflatoxin B1(AFB1). The main component of product A is yeast product, the main component of product B is HSCAS, and product C is the compound of yeast product and HSCAS. In vitro trial, AFB1 binding capacity by three sorbents at different in vitro condition and AFB1 binding speed by three sorbents at pH 8.0 in vitro condition were compared. Product B showed the highest in vitro affinity for AFB1, and the rate of sorption reached to 97.69% in 10 min and it remained over 96.03% in 60 min at pH 8.0. Product A and product C did not showed so efficacy as product B. In vivo trial, a total of 240 broilers were assigned to 8 treatments (3 pens of 10 broilers per treatment). After 21 d, the aflatoxin-contaminated feed significantly decreased the growth performance and the liver function of broilers. The three products tested alleviated the adverse effects caused by aflatoxin, but compared with product A and C, product B could alleviate some of the toxic effects of AFB1 more effectively.
Advanced Research of Trace Elements on the Production of Ruminant
LI Xi-yan;WANG Jia-qi;WEI Hong-yang;BU Deng-pan;ZHOU Zhen-feng;ZHOU Ling-yun
2009, 36(8):  10-13. 
Abstract ( 1557 )  
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Trace elements are the important nutritional elements for ruminants. In this article, the authors have reviewed the effect of trace element on performance, reproductive ability and rumen microbe of ruminants. Then supplementing trace elements rationally so as to regulate rumen fermentation, improve performance and breeding performance for ruminants.
Mechanisms of Yeast in Monogastric Animals and Ruminants
CHU Jie;LIU Ke-chun;HE Qiu-xia;HAN Li-wen
2009, 36(8):  14-17. 
Abstract ( 1792 )  
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The model of yeast in monogastric animals and ruminants is reviewed. The action of yeast in ruminants is mainly dependent on diets, regulated ruminal pH, stimulate ruminal microbials and then improve ruminal circumstances. In monogastric, the function of yeast is antagonistic to pathogens and stimulate brush border disaccharidases, inhibit and degrade toxin, increase immunity action.
Research Progress in the Role of Leptin in Swine’s Fat Deposition and Metabolism
YANG Xue-fen;JIANG Zong-yong
2009, 36(8):  18-22. 
Abstract ( 1396 )  
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Leptin plays a critical role in animals’ intake regulation, energy metabolism, hormone secretion, bone metabolism, reproduction and development, immunity, and so on. The present review focused on the functional structures of leptin and its receptor, as well as their relationship with fat deposition and metabolism, about which the regulatory mechanism in swine was discussed further. An overview on the recent research and the possible development in the field was raised conclusively. 
生理生化
Research Advance of Sodium Butyrate on the Impact of the Animal Gastrointestinal Tract
QU Yue
2009, 36(8):  23-26. 
Abstract ( 1524 )  
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In this paper, introduction of sodium butyrate in animal breeding applications, based on the introduction focus on effects of sodium butyrate on the impact of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and to further explore its mechanism, with a view to feed at home and abroad for future research and development of sodium butyrate and applications to provide reference.
Determination of Ractopamine Residues in the Swine Urine by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay
GAO Bin-wen;ZHANG Su-xia;LIANG Yong-hong;XING Bao-song
2009, 36(8):  27-29. 
Abstract ( 1420 )  
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A method was established for the determination of Ractopamine (RAC) residues in swine urine by indirect competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The limit of detection was 0.01 ng/mL, and the detection ranged from 0.036 to 32.2 ng/mL. At the fortified levels of 0.1, 1 and 10 ng/mL, mean recoveries was 73.2%, the intra-assay variation was 9.7%, and the inter-assay variation was 11.3%.
Effect of the Adsorption of EGM to DON on Lymphocyte Conversion Ratio in Medium
ZHU Lian-qin;LI Hua;ZHU Feng-hua;SUI Fei-fei;CHANG Shun-hua
2009, 36(8):  30-32. 
Abstract ( 1339 )  
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The spleen cells were cultured in vitro were divided into five groups for seventy-two hours to study the adsorption of EGM to DON, RPMI-1640 was chosen as basal culture medium, nothing was added in the first group; 500 μg/L DON was added in the second group; 0.05%,0.10% and 0.15% EGM was respectively added in the third, the forth and the fifth group. The results showed that the survival rate of spleen cells, the activity of SOD of the first, the forth and the fifth group were significantly higher than the second group (P<0.01), the transformation rate of lymphocyte of the first, the forth and the fifth group were higher than the second group (P<0.05), the content of MDA of the second group was higher than the first, the forth and the fifth group (P<0.05), and the difference of all indices among the first, the forth and the fifth group were not significant(P>0.05). It concludes that EGM can effectively adsorb DON and relieve the toxic effect of DON to cultured spleen cells in vitro, and the best additive dose of EGM in diet is 0.10%.
生物技术
Tandem Expression of Eg95s Gene of Echinococcus granulosus andOptimization of the Expression System
LIU Dan;JIA Hong;HOU Shao-hua;DING Min;ZHU Hong-fei
2009, 36(8):  33-37. 
Abstract ( 1312 )  
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According to the sequence of Eg95 gene published on GenBank, primers were designed from a segment about 348 bp sequences encoding highly hydrophilic dominate epitopes, designating as Eg95s. Three repeats of EG95s were obtained by isoschizomer construction method. Three Eg95s were cloned into two expression vectors, pGEX-6p-1 and pET-32a, then transformed into three host bacterias, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), Rosseta (DE3) and origami (DE3) for expression, respectively. The expression products were identified by Western blotting, the expression systems were optimizated by detecting the expression level, solubility of the products and their purify methods. The results showed that the best quality of three EG95s was obtained in the expression system of pET-32a and Rosseta (DE3). The Eg95s fusion protein highly expressed by the optimized expression system was with good solubility, and easy to purify, which is benefit for the further preparation of Echinococcus granulosus gene engineering vaccine on a large scale.
The Expression of microRNA-1,-133,-206 in the Muscle of Adult Mouse
TIAN Ming;FEI Jing;HU Xiao-xiang;LI Ning;LIU Di;MENG Qing-yong
2009, 36(8):  38-41. 
Abstract ( 1807 )  
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs emerging as important post-transcriptional gene regulators. miR-1, miR-133, miR-206 are the miRNAs specifically expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, they all belong to miR-1 family, but divide into miR-1/miR-206 and miR-133a/b. The expression and the roles of them in embryogenesis have been expounded by many literatures, but few article refers to the expression of them in adult. In this study, examined the expression of miR-1, miR-133 and miR-206, the miRNAs specifically expressed in skeletal muscle tissue, on the biceps flexor cruris of BALB/c mouse by Real-time PCR, and miR-181a is as the control. The expression of miR-133 is much more than that of the miR-1 and miR-206; the expression of miR-1 is a little more than miR-206’s when the miR-181a is little expression. To find the reason of this phenomenon, the map of the relation between the microRNA and the growing of muscle was pr〖JP〗otract by literature and network forecast. This result provides the evidence and the direction for the following research of microRNA and target gene in adult.
The Influence of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene for Goat Fetal Fibroblast
BAO Xun;ZHANG Tuo;ZHANG Yong
2009, 36(8):  42-46. 
Abstract ( 1374 )  
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Transferred eukaryotic expressing vector pCI-neo-hTERT into goat fetal fibroblast, screened and amplified the positive clones for RT-PCR detection, DNA ploidy analysis, cell cycle detection and apoptosis detection, investigated the influence of hTERT gene for goat fetal fibroblast. The 50th generation of positive clones expressed hTERT. DNA ploidy analysis showed the clones were normal diploid. The result of cell cycle of positive cells showed that compared with normal untreated cells (30 passages), the positive cells (50 passages) had higher S period, which illustrated these cells had strong ability to DNA synthesis and propagation. The result of apoptosis detection showed that the apoptosis rate of positive cells (50 passages) is extremely lower than normal untreated goat fetal fibroblast (30 passages). These experiences all showed that hTERT could increase the generation quantity of goat fetal fibroblast in vitro culture, maintain these cells a good morphology and strong propagation ability.
Polymorphisms of Obesity Gene in Tibet Pigs
ZHANG Hao;Chambayangzom;PENG Jun-fei;YANG Tao;Dawazhuoma;WU Chang-xin
2009, 36(8):  47-48. 
Abstract ( 1331 )  
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Tibet pig is a special Chinese indigenous pig breed native to high-altitude areas of Tibet. In the present study, the polymorphism of exon2 of obesity gene was measured with the method of PCR-Hinf I-RFLP in Tibet pig. The results showed that there were three genotypes, TT, CT and CC, in Tibet pig population, and the predominant genotypes was CC (50%). The frequencies of allele T and allele C were 28.12% and 71.88% respectively. The distribution of genotype in Tibet pig population was between lean-type pigs and fat-type pigs, which indicated that according to this locus Tibet pig doesn’t belong to lean-type breeds, and its high lean percentage may relate to nutrition and environment.
International Barcoding of Life-DNA Barcoding
CHENG Jia-yue;WANG Li-hua;PENG Ke-mei;ZHANG Ning-bo;TANG Zhong-lin;YANG Shu-lin;LI Kui
2009, 36(8):  49-53. 
Abstract ( 1342 )  
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There are a large number and variety of animals and plants in our country, including many kinds of valuable and endangered species. These living beings are very precious resources in scientific study. With the emergence of DNA Barcoding technology, it becomes easier to identify these species and find out their branch of the origin, even predict the evolutionary trends. In this article, it described many aspects of DNA Barcoding briefly, such as its principle, operation steps, the emergence of the technique, the development statues, application pathways. Furthermore, it listed some species which played important roles in the development of DNA Barcoding study. And it also pointed out the main existed key issues, contradictions and development direction. 
Cloning of Bovine Beta-Casein Gene and Construction of the Expression Vector in Bovine Mammary Gland
TIAN Tian;ZHAI Hong-rui;LIU Ruo-yu;WANG Zhao-long
2009, 36(8):  54-56. 
Abstract ( 1377 )  
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The high-fidelity PCR method had been used to amplificate 1.8 and 1.1 kb 5′and 3′ regulatory sequences of bovine casein gene in mammary grand. Then it was cloned into TA vector. Veritficated by the restriction enzyme digestion and PCR method,after sequence on NCBI with blast,the results indicated that the tragments have the homology of 97.0% and 99.0% respectively with the correspondingly region of boving beta-casein. It is discribed that the restructuring carrier had succeeded in cloning the area of control casein gene 5′and 3′, the recombinant DNA technology had been used to subclone into the modified eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3 (removal of CMV promoter),verificated by the restriction enzyme digestion and sequence analysis,the mammary grand-specific expression vector of cattle had been constructed.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing of Light Chain Variable Genes from Species-specific Monoclonal Antibodies against E.acervulina
KANG Gui-ying;QIN Jian-hua
2009, 36(8):  57-59. 
Abstract ( 1288 )  
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To study the function of small molecule antibody, light chain variable genes which was amplified from species-specific monoclonal antibodies against E.acervulina was purified, and cloned into clone vector pMD18-T by gene recombination techniques. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli JM109 by screening. Several recombinants that had been inserted with the target fragments were obtained. The positive clones containing recombination were identified by the methods of the gene sequencing. The result demonstrated that light chain variable gene was 312 bp.
Advances of Detection of SAs in Foods Derived from Animals
ZHAO Shu-jing;HE Shao-jun;LUO Guo-qi;YUAN Feng-xin;ZHANG Wei-xian
2009, 36(8):  60-63. 
Abstract ( 1802 )  
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Sulphonamides (SAs) are widely used in food-producing animals for prevention or treatment of diseases and growth-promoting purposes. There is a risk of SAs residues remaining in animal products if these drugs have been administered improperly or if the withdrawal period has not been observed. Drug residues may cause allergic or toxic reaction to consumers and promote occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In recent years, an extensive amount of work has been carried out on the analysis of SAs residues in foods derived from animals and these determination methods are summarized in the present review. The main detection methods of SAs include microbiological assay, spectrometer assay, immune analytical method, chromato-graphy and mass spectrometric joint analyses are introduced. In addition, the developmental trends of them are prospected.
遗传繁育
Analysis of the Correlations between Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Receptor Gene exon10 Digested with Hind Ⅲ and Indexes of Body Size, Body Weight in Cattle
ZHANG Qing-feng;XU Shang-zhong
2009, 36(8):  64-66. 
Abstract ( 1490 )  
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The polymorphism at 730 position in exon 10 of GHR gene was investigated in three cattle breeds (Nanyang cattle,limousin and galloway), and the relationships between different genotype and body size indexes were analyzed.The results showed that in three breeds it did not have any significant association of 730 SNP with the 12 traits considered. 
Research on the Efficiency of Marker-assisted Selection in Pig Breeding System
LI Ya-lan;ZHANG Hao;ZHANG Qin;WANG Qing-lai;CHEN Yao-sheng
2009, 36(8):  67-72. 
Abstract ( 1855 )  
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The found of the genetic markers tightly linked to the Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) and some major genes for economic traits in husbandry animals has led to more and more research focusing on MAS (marker-assisted selection) and GAS ( gene-assisted selection). According to the distance between the genetic marker and the QTL, the genetic marker was divided into three types: LE (linkage equilibrium) marker, LD (linkage disequilibrium) marker and DR marker (direct marker, the QTL). To study the selection efficiency for 5 traits selected in the swine breeding plan by LE, LD and DR marker in MAS and GAS in 5 discrete generations, respectively, 3 closed nucleus base populations were designed: 100, 200, 300 sows, and 10 boars each population, where the pigs were unrelated. The 5 traits were NBA (number born-alive), FCR (feed-conversion ratio), ADG (average daily-gain), BF (Back-fat), IMF (Intramuscular fat). The model to estimate the breeding value of the 5 traits were SBLUP (standard BLUP) model(no marker used), MBLUP model (LD and LE markers used), by QBLUP(DR marker used). The selection efficiency by MAS and GAS was compared for 5 traits using MAS and GAS in 3 populations.
Study on Transgenic GFP Gene Bovine Embryos Production by Nuclear Transfer
DENG Shou-long;LV Zi-li;WANG Liang;WANG An-jiang;CAO Wen-guang
2009, 36(8):  73-78. 
Abstract ( 1679 )  
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pMSCV containing GFP and neo- gene was transfected into the cattle fetal auris fibroblast cells by lipofection or electrofusion was the donor. The maturation of bovine oocyte in vitro was receptor. The embryo cloning was constructed by the donor and receptor. Under different conditions,such as adding epidermal growth factor(EGF)to the culture medium improved the nuclear maturation and transgenic embryos in vitro culture, donor cells gene-transfection method, conducted to investigate the effect of three in vitro culture systems on the development of bovine embryos and to observe the development of bovine transgenic embryos in vitro in the optimal culture system will be studied. To examine the effects of EGF on the nuclear and cytoplasm maturation of cattle oocytes in vitro culture, the best concentration of EGF was 30 ng/mL, then the oocytes were activated by 6-dimethylaminopurine combined with ethanol, examining the cleavage rate, blastocyst development rate. The cleavage rate and blastocyst development rate adding 25 ng/mL EGF to medium group were significantly higher than those in control group; and its effect on cell proliferation after grafting. The different gene-transfection method was beneficial to transfer embryo. The rate of the integration was the blastocyst development rate of cattle oocytes significantly(P>0.05); the highest mSOFaa+granulosa cell monolayer co-culture system. 
Effects of Trophoblastic Vesicles and Co-transplantation of Low-qualityBovine Embryos on the Pregnancy Rate
TONG Gui-zhi;HAN Yong-sheng;DING Xin-ying
2009, 36(8):  79-81. 
Abstract ( 1323 )  
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Low-quality bovine embryos were co-transplanted with trophoblastic vesicles (TRV). These TRV were prepared by dissection of conceptus that were collected by uterine flushing after culture for seven days in the uterus following transfer of embryos derived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Pregnancy diagnoses were performed twice, in between day 26th and 43rd, between day 38th and 73rd post-estrus by ultrasonography. The pregnancy rate was significantly increased at first pregnancy diag-noses when low-quality bovine embryos were co-transplanted with TRV (66.7%, 16/24) compared with the control group (34.5%, 10/29) (P<0.05). The final pregnancy rate according to delivered offspring was 41.7% (10/24) and 27.6% (8/29), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. The gestation lengths and birth weight of the offspring were almost the same for the co-transplantation and control group.
Effects of Added Selenium on Correlative Antioxidase of Sheep in Pregnancy
ZHANG Jie;WU Shu-qing;DU Shan
2009, 36(8):  82-84. 
Abstract ( 1299 )  
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Studies on effects of GSH-Px,CuZn-SOD and T-SOD in serum of different kinds of sheep in pregnancy which were added selenium in the identical condition of feeding management.There were 90 sheep in pregnancy including Mongolian sheep, Dorset sheep and Suffolk sheep, the activity of GSH-Px,CuZn-SOD and T-SOD were determined by xanthine-oxidase method.Results showed that from pregnant 3 months on, the activity of GSH-Px in serum of each kind sheep added selenium was significantly enhanced,and the activity of GSH-Px was significantly between the same kind of sheep which were added selenium and non-added selenium, and at pregnant 3 months, the activity of CuZn-SOD and T-SOD of each kind sheep added selenium were significantly higher than those of the same kind sheep non-added selenium. Results indicated that there was no antagonism between selenium and copper or selenium and zinc,and added selenium could significantly heighten the activity of CuZn-SOD and T-SOD,so added selenium could play an important role to maintain natural pregnancy and to enhance resistibility.
The Research Progress of Sperm Membrane Surface Glucoprotein:Fertilin β
LI Na;FU Lin;LIANG Lei;NA Ren-hua
2009, 36(8):  85-87. 
Abstract ( 1586 )  
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As one of a few sperm membrane surface protein involved in sperm-egg binding and fusion, fertilin β is an important material that many mammal sperms all have. It is a sort of fusion protein in the ADAMs families. It has complete structural domain of the ADAMs family; meanwhile, because of its feature in disintegrin construction, it plays an important role in sperm-egg plasmalemma binding and fusion, and it is considered as an important vaccine-barn antigen.
Research on the MⅡ Stage Bovine Oocytes after IVF Failure
LI Song;ZHAO Xiang-jie;LI Hua;REN Zhao-rui
2009, 36(8):  91-93. 
Abstract ( 1380 )  
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Bovine oocytes obtained from OPU (ovum pick up ) were subjected to IVF (in vitro fertilization) and 96 oocytes at MⅡ stage but with IVF failure were selected to stain with Hoechst33342. The data showed that 57 oocytes (59.4%) were not observed the presence of male pronuclei, and the proportion which female and male nuclei did not fuse was 19.8% (19/96), while multi-sperm entrance accounted for 13.5% (13/96). The results suggested that the main reason of bovine IVF failure, on the precondition of oocyte maturation, was caused by the failure of sperm entrance. 
Study on PCR-SSCP Polymorphism of POU1Fl,GHR, GHRH-Rand CSN1S2 Gene Part Sequence in Hybrid Dairy Cattle
LIU Zhe;WU Jian-ping;MA Yan-nan;ZHU Jing;ZHANG Li-ping;LIU Xiao-min;QIN Yan-li
2009, 36(8):  94-98. 
Abstract ( 562 )  
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The PCR-SSCP polymorphism of POU1F1 gene exon 6, GHRgene exon10, GHRH-R gene exon 2 and CSN1S2 gene exon 18 were studied in 93 hybrid dairy cattles improved by crossbreeding with Holstein frozen sperm. The results showed that in four examined genes locus, only the POU1Fl gene exon 6 have two genotypes, the genotypic frequencies of AB and BB were 0.0323 and 0.9677 respectively; the allelic frequencies of A and B were 0.0162 and 0.9838, and the individual with genotype AA has not discovered. The population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus. The gene heterozygosity and polymorphism information content were 0.0318 and 0.0313 respectively. The sequencing result showed that comparing with Y15995 of POU1Fl gene sequence in general yellow cattle, the A allele had happened base transversion of G-C at the 209th bp of POU1Fl gene exon 6 which caused a amino acid substitute of Thr to Arg, and the reasons and effects of this polymorphism need to study futurely.
Research Progress of Regulating Bovine Spermatogenesis by Fas/FasL System
ZHANG Qing-feng
2009, 36(8):  99-102. 
Abstract ( 1219 )  
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Cattle spermatogenesis is a special male germ cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis process. In this process, reproductive cells have always kept in the dynamic equilibrium of differentiation and apoptosis. Apoptotic signal transduction molecule Fas and FasL not only plays an important role in cells stability and disease, but also regulated the cattle spermatogenesis.It direct impact on the development and proliferation of germ cells when the abnormal expression of Fas and FasL. This paper elucidated the regulation mechanism of Fas/FasL system in cattle spermatogenesis, in order to improve the bull breeding performance to found a new channel.
奶业专栏
Secretion Mechanism and Improvement Technology of sIgA in Milk
YANG Guang;WANG Jia-qi;Khas-Erdene;ZHAO Sheng-guo;LIU Kai-lang;BU Deng-pan
2009, 36(8):  103-107. 
Abstract ( 1518 )  
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sIgA is a primary immunoglobulin mediating mucosa immunity.Some physics and chemistry characteristics enable sIgA to lead mucosa immunity.Synthesis and secretion of sIgA in milk is accessorial production of mucosa immunity,which comes into being in evolution for offer passiveness immunity of mucosa for offspring.This article summarize function and synthesis mechanism of sIgA in milk.Some techniques to increase the content of sIgA in milk are introduced.Thus some references were offered for production of immune milk with high-titer sIgA in future.
Changes in Organism Metabolize of Dairy Cow Adapting to Heat-stress
HUO Xiao-kai;WANG Jia-qi;BU Deng-pan;WANG Jian-ping;GUO Tong-jun;LIU Kai-lang;LUO Qiu-jiang
2009, 36(8):  108-110. 
Abstract ( 1666 )  
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Cells,tissues and metabolism will be changed when the temperatures above the thermoneutral zone.Recovery system of organism in heat-stress was activated,then the cows begin to store heat, and increase evaporative heatloss (EVHL).If the stress persists, endocrine system will make some deals, accelerate the cows to adapt these changes.This review illustrated during the occur of heat stress on cows, the changes of heat stress protein, incretion and energy metabolize on heat-stressed cows and the acclimation of cows on heat-stress.
疾病防治
Analysis of Molecular Epidemiology of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
XIN Ting;HOU Shao-hua;JIA Hong;DING Min;GUO Xiao-yu;ZHU Hong-fei
2009, 36(8):  115-120. 
Abstract ( 1553 )  
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To study the genetic variation of PRRSV isolates in China, we compared the N and GP5 gene sequences of 53 strains of PRRSV isolates which were isolated from 1996 to 2008 in China, and had been published in GenBank. The cladogram according to the N gene demonstrated that most of the Chinese isolates were belonged to North American type. Among them four highly diverse subgroups were clearly demarcated on the NA-genotype phylogenetic tree. All of the subgroup 1 isolates restricted geographically to regions of the southeast of China were found to be highly variable in the primary neutralizing epitopes. The first PRRSV isolate (CH1a) was of the representation of subgroup 2. Subgroup 3 isolates were shared high identity with MLV vaccine and its parent virus VR2332. The strains in Taiwan were belonged to subgroup 4, which were different from those in mailand China. These results may contribute to the knowledge of PRRSV epidemiology in China, and may help to explain the low efficiency of MLV or inactivated CH-1a vaccine to protect pigs infected the subgroup 1 virus, and the great genetic diversity should be taken into consideration for control and prevention measures. 
The Cause and Pathogenesis of Diarrhea in Weaning Piglets
TANG Zhi-gao;LIU Chong;ZHAO Xiao-gang;ZHUO Mei;YU Qing-yun;DU Jing
2009, 36(8):  121-124. 
Abstract ( 1517 )  
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Diarrhea, the nemesis of the early weaned piglet, accounts for most of the losses in practice. It’s difficult to find the true factors that cause the diarrhea in weaning piglets. Because there are so many factors can cause the diarrhea in weaning piglets. This article reviewed the factors including nutrient, disease and environment which could cause the diarrhea in weaning piglets and concluded the pathogenesis of diarrhea.
Study on An Aluminium Hydroxide Gel Adsorbed Inactivated Newcastle Disease Virus and Egg Drop Syndrome Vaccine
LI Xin-sheng;CHEN Hong-ying;DU Xiang-dang;HAN Yu-lin;CUI Pei;CUI Bao-an
2009, 36(8):  125-127. 
Abstract ( 1392 )  
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An inactivated vaccine was prepared from Newcastle disease virus LaSota strain and local isolates of egg drop syndrome (EDS) virus HE03 strain using aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant. A total of 40 SPF layers at the age of 16 weeks were inoculated and divided into two groups, A and B having 30 and 10 chicks, respectively. The chicks of group A were vaccinated with 0.5 mL aluminium hydroxide gel adsorbed ND-EDS vaccine. The chicks of group B were kept as unvaccinated control. The serum samples were collected at a 14-day interval till 6 weeks post vaccination. At the age of 22 weeks, group A was again divided into two groups A1 and A2; chicks of group A2 and group B were challenged with a virulent EDS virus HE03 strain. The results revealed that chicks of group A had HI antibody titer against ND virus ranging from 1∶128 to 1∶512 at different times titer against EDS virus ranging from 1∶128 to 1∶512 at different times of sample collection with a geometric mean titer 1∶134; highest antibody response against EDS virus appeared on 4th week post vaccination with 1∶111. Results also revealed that the vaccination protected the chicks against challenge with the virulent EDS virus and ND virus. Where there was a significant drop in egg production in unvaccinated challenged chicks group B, the egg quality was also deteriorated as miss-shapened, soft-shelled and shell-less eggs were laid in unvaccinated layers.

Transcription Analysis of ORF3 Gene in PCV2 Isolate SD2
DING Peng;LI Jun;YU Zhou;CHENG Kai-hui;WU Jia-qiang;WANG Jin-bao
2009, 36(8):  128-130. 
Abstract ( 1383 )  
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The sequence analysis indicated that PCV2 SD2 (DQ478947) included 11 opening reading frames at least and some opening reading frames were different from other isolated strains. A pair of primers were designed according to the PCV2 sequence published on GenBank to amplify gene ORF3 of PCV2, the predict fragment size respectively was 209 bp. At 12, 24, 36, 48 hours post-PCV2 infection, total RNA was extracted from viral cell culture using Trizol reagent and treated with DNase I to eliminate the remained virus DNA. mRNA was separated by acetyl cellulose. ORF 3 were amplified by RT-PCR. Results showed the amplified fragments size matched the estimate increase the fragment size totally, the sequence result indicated that the increased fragments and the corresponding sequences in PCV2 SD2 (DQ478947) were identical. Thus, the ORF3 gene of PCV2 SD2 isolate could express at the level of transcription after 24 hours post-infection.
Comparing the Immune Response of Different Tyre of Lasota Vaccines against Newcastle Disease Virus
MO Juan;HAN Yu-lin;CHEN Yu-xia;ZHAO Jin-feng;GUO Xin;LI Xin-sheng
2009, 36(8):  131-132. 
Abstract ( 1525 )  
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Five groups of SPF chicks were equally divided into A, B, C, D and E. Group A was given adjuvanted La Sota live vaccine. B was given La Sota live vaccine without adjuvant; C and D were given La Sota inactived vaccine with Aluminium Hydroxide Gel Adsorbed and emulsion respectively. Group E was unvaccinated as control.Then five groups were subjected to hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for assessment of antibody level against NDV. It was showed that group A was detected a comparatively higher level of antibody for a longer period. However, the sero-conversion of group B was comparatively poor. The peak of antibody against NDV La Sota strain in group D was highest and maintained more time than the others groups.
Preparation and Application of Egg Yolk Immunoglobulins against ND and IBD
ZHANG Gui-zhi; JIN Shuang-xing
2009, 36(8):  136-137. 
Abstract ( 1519 )  
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Egg yolk immunoglobulins against ND and IBD were prepared by immunizing the healthy high-yield layers with ND vaccine and IBD oil-emulsion inactivated vaccine, and the treatment efficacy of egg yolk immunoglobulins against ND and IBD were detected in forty intensive chicken farms. Results showed that the precaution rate reached 100%, and the cure rate was 63% to 85%. 
Isolation,Identification of Haemophilus Parasuis and Preparation of Own Inactivated Vaccine
WANG Jin-he;SHI Dong-mei;GUO Su-qin;QI Hua-li;CHEN Yi
2009, 36(8):  144-146. 
Abstract ( 1473 )  
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pathogens collected in the laboratory were used for isolation and culture, staining, microscopy, animal test, and biochemical test; disk diffusion method was used to screen sensitive drugs, aluminum aluminum adjuvant was sgnthetized in the laboratory, own inactivated vaccine was prepared to control their disease. The experimental results showed that, the is olate strain was Haemophilus parasuis, isolated strains were sensitive to Cefotaxime, Amikacin, Gentamicin and Cephalosporins; own inactivated vaccine to control the disease was safe and effective. 
Pathological Study of Florfenicol Poisoning in Experimental Broiler
QU Yue;GAO Li-hai
2009, 36(8):  147-149. 
Abstract ( 1610 )  
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7-day-old broilers were chosen as the experimental animals, and they were fed with feeds containing different doses of Florfenicol (200, 400, 800, 2000 mg/kg feed) for 14 consecutive days to develop a poisoning model. Clinical symptoms, autopsy and histopathological changes were observed. The results showed that Florfenicol broiler performance poisoning diarrhea, reduced feed intake, drink increased; leg weakness and tarsus and stand unstable. Autopsy of the majority of chickens showed that intestinal hyperemia, hemorrhage, severe liver enlargement, degeneration and necrosis, was khaki-colored, kidney swelling, bleeding, had a large number of peritoneal effusion; histopathological changes in liver, kidney and other granular degeneration, fat degeneration.
Research on Ivermectin Toxicosis of Domestic Animal
DONG Zhong-sheng;LI Shun-cun;DENG Ni-juan;DENG Zhi-ping;JIANG Hong-mei
2009, 36(8):  150-152. 
Abstract ( 1678 )  
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Author summarized the insecticidal mechanism and toxic mechanism, safety applied of clinic, the dose of toxicsis, pathology of toxicsis, clinic symptom, prevention, treatment measurement of Ivermectin. It explained the application of Abamectin, Ivermectin and Doramectin. Considerablly, Ivermectin was a safety anti-parasite drug for all animals except 3 species of high sensitive dogs. The toxicosis happened when Ivermectin was overtake applied. The toxicosis could get high recover rate by the early find and suitable treatment. 
Studies on Early Diagnosis Technology and Comprehensive Prevention of PRRS in Ecological Pig Farm
YU Dao-lun;ZUO Rui-hua
2009, 36(8):  155-156. 
Abstract ( 1463 )  
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Fostering pigs in ecological was is a good model by ecology theory with an important effect on ecological environment protect and the sustainable development in swine industry. This experiment makes use of ELISA to diagnose PRRS early in ecological pig farm and at the same time combines the construction of biological security system to reach comprehensive prevention and controlagainst epidemic diseases. The result shows that reconstruction of biological security system and early diagnosin of PRRS have better effect on prevention and control of PRRS in ecologic pig farm.
The Seroepidemiological Survey of HEV of Sheep and Cattle in Xinjiang Province
CAO Wen-Bing;MA Xun;LI Yan;HU Guang-dong
2009, 36(8):  157-159. 
Abstract ( 1275 )  
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DS-ELISA was used to detect IgG antibody against HEV from 673 portions of sheep blood serum and 675 portions of cattle blood serum in 14 areas of Xinjiang, comparing the differences of antibody positive in different years of cattle and sheep and in the north and the south of Xinjiang respectively. Results showed that positive rate of HEV antibody in all tested sheep was 7.73% (52/673); the positive rate of HEV antibody in sheep was 7.61% (15/197) and 7.77% (37/476) in the south and the north of Xinjiang respectively,the difference was not significant. The difference of HEV antibody in the sheep that under 1 year and from 1 to 3 year and over 3 years was not significance(P>0.05); positive rate of HEV antibody in all tested cattle was 5.78% (39/675); the positive rate of HEV antibody in cattle was
4.19%(7/167) and 6.30%(32/508) in the south and the north of Xinjiang respectively,the difference was extremely significant. The difference of HEV antibody in the cattle that under 2 years and from 2 to 4 years and over 4 years was extremely significance(P<0.05); study indicated the infection of HEV nomally exist in sheep and cattle of Xinjiang.
Research on Lab Diagnosis Methods of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
ZHAO Feng-ju;LI Jing-chun;YANG Guo-li
2009, 36(8):  160-161. 
Abstract ( 1355 )  
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Since PRRS was discovered in 1987 for the first time in America,it has caused huge loss of pig trade worldwide. Fast accurate diagnosis is the primary step of effective prevention and control of this disease. With the increasing development of molecular biological technology, a lot of PRRS diagnosis methods which were high sensitivity, specificity and easy operation have establed. In this article, the detection methods of PRRS in laboratory were summaried to provide reference for this disease detection and control further. 
流行病防治
Studies on the Clinical Pathology of Sheep Experimentally Infected with JSRV-NM Strain
WU Zhi-hong;YAO Hong-qiang;MA Xue-en
2009, 36(8):  172-177. 
Abstract ( 1408 )  
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To examine the effects on the lymphocytes subsets, lymphocytes apoptosis, blood-gas of sheep experimentally infected with JSRV-NM strain. Five newborn lambs within 24 hours after their birth were inoculated intratracheally with cell-free filtration of pulmonary tumour tissue containing JSRV-NM strain from natural cases, 1.0 mL per lamb, respectively. At 30, 60, 90 and 120 d post-infection, used the flow cytometry to examined lymphocytes apoptosis number, CD4+ T and CD8+ T lymphocytes, analysis of blood-gas and serum enzymes. At 30 and 60 d post-infection, CD4+ T, CD8+ T lymphocytes and lymphocytes apoptosis were significantly higher than that of control,and decrease at 90 d post-infection except for the early lymphocytes apoptosis, AnGap, BE(ecf), Cl-, p(O2), HCO3act, HCO3std, TCO2, O2SAT, O2CT showed significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. The typical symptoms of SPA have not appeared, and the disease was in the initial stage. The changes of CD4+ T, CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of sheep experimentally infected with JSRV-NM strain demonstrated which may be the result of cell immunological reaction and the lymphocytes injury. Periphery lymphocyte apoptosis in sheep experimentally infected with JSRV-NM strain was found, lymphocyte apoptosis may be one of the most important clinical symptoms. The detection of blood-gas and the serum enzymes of sheep experimentally infected with JSRV-NM strain was helpful for diagnosis of SPA.
动物生产
Fattening Experiment of Poll Dorset×Small-tail Han Sheep
XU Jian-feng;ZHANG Li-ping;WU Jian-ping;FANG Di;WANG Lei
2009, 36(8):  178-180. 
Abstract ( 1518 )  
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12 crossed lambs (3 months)of Poll Dorset×Small-tail han sheep (DH) and 12 lambs of small-tail han sheep (HH) of the same age were divided into two groups to investigate the effects of short-term fattening with yard feeding.The results showed that the average daily gain of DH was signifancantly higher than HH (P<0.05);body length,chest girth and Cannon girth of DH were signifancantly higher than HH(P<0.05); from view of economic benefit,compared with HH,the profit of every DH increased by 57.60 yuan.
Comparison Some Body Rule Trait of Lambs between Different Birth Type in Hu Sheep
YIN Guang-tian;LIU Li
2009, 36(8):  181-185. 
Abstract ( 1326 )  
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To investigate the pattern of some body measurement of lambs,development among different birth types.133 herd of hu sheep in Suzhou breeding farm in 2006 were collected to analysis their numerical data from the database of body length,height,and their chest circumference based on both different types of birth and newborn,two and four and six months age of lambs respectively,by mean of statistical software of SPSS 10.0. Results showed that the proportion of 1,2,3,4 liver lamb per lair of female hu sheep were 12.78%,40.60%,31.58% and 15.04% respectively; The average accumulative growth in every body measurement of a single lamb were increased with growth of month age,and that of a single more than of other birth type;There existed decreased trend in absolute and relative growth of the lambs,with their increaser age.Therefore, the absolute and relative growth of their body length,height,and their chest circumference of ewe and ram lambs, in every birth type trended growth with their increasing month age,and the accumulative growth had certainly a pattern for it downward with increasing of their litter size. 
Effects of Feed Withdrawal Prior to Slaughter on Pig
YANG Wen-jiao;WANG Bao-you;LI Yan;WU Xu-ying;ZHAO Wei;GUO Liang
2009, 36(8):  186-188. 
Abstract ( 1597 )  
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The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of feed withdrawal prior to slaughter on pork quality and safety. Potential short-term disadvantages of feed withdrawal are the loss of live weight and after extended fasting the possibility of loss of carcass weight and formation of stomach ulcers. Feed withdrawal prior to slaughter is however beneficial to food safety and can improve ultimate pH, water-holding capacity and color, and decreasing muscle glycogen. Genotype, level of stress and animal handing can all interact to determine the pork quality response to feed withdrawal.
Study on Meat Quality and Feedlot Performance of F1 Which Bore Cross Yunnan Black Goat
WANG An-kui;YANG Guo-rong;ZHANG Ji-cai;YUAN Xi-ping;HUANG Bi-zhi
2009, 36(8):  192-196. 
Abstract ( 1646 )  
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With 9 month feedlot of F1 which were Bore × Shizong (BS), Bore × Wenshan(BW), Bore × Chuxiong (BC) and Shizong, Wenshan black goat under different condition. The results showed that the F1 average daily gain (ADG) of BS 137.2 g,BW 133.1 g and BC 132.3 g under grazing+additive fed condition, the ADG were higher than S 103.6 g, W 102.3 g and C 101.6 g and signalization diversity (P<0.01). And the F1 ADG of BS 74.2 g,BW 72.1 g and BC 73.5 g were higher than S 48.7 g, W 47.8 g and C 46.1 g and signalization diversity (P<0.01) under grazing condition. There were random selected 6 goats each group for slaughter test of dressing percentage, meat rate and eye meat area, the results showed that the S, W and C goat was lower than F1 of BS, BW and BC and signalization diversity (P<0.05). Meat taste result showed no difference (P>0.05) of all and that indicated that the meat quality were similar between F1 and Yunnan black goat.
经验交流
Kinds of Clenbuterol Substitutes and Detecting Methods
FU Jing-hua;XU Min-jun
2009, 36(8):  197-199. 
Abstract ( 1445 )  
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Possible substitutes of Clenbuterol were summarized in the paper and 3 kinds of substitutes which were being used at present were analyzed. And substitutes which were used but not widely spread like Clorprenaline should be given enough attention.
Studies on Accumulative Toxicity of Cadmium in Experimental Mice
JIN Shu-xing;ZHU Kui-cheng;XU Min
2009, 36(8):  200-201. 
Abstract ( 1400 )  
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140 KM mice were made experimental Cd poision.LD50 of a Cd was 94.1 mg/kg body weight by acute toxicity test. There were four groups in accumulative toxicity experiment, Ⅰ group, 1/10 LD50(Cd 9.41 mg/kg), Ⅱ group, 1/5 LD50(Cd 18.82 mg/kg), Ⅲ group,1/3 LD50(Cd 31.36 mg/kg) and the control group(Cd 0 mg/kg)for 4 weeks. The results showed that body weight in dose groups were much lower than in control group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the control group, the sediment of cadmium in liver, kidney, heart, meat and bone were significant among these groups, especially the sediment of cadmium in liver and kidney. Histopathologicall,the hepatocytes and renaltubular epithelium were degenerate and the spleen gored in dose groups.
Quality Analysis of Spot-check Supervision to Veterinary Biological Products in 2008
WAN Jian-qing;WANG Li-yong;YAO Wen-sheng;WU Si-jie;LI Hui-jiao;WANG Ming
2009, 36(8):  204-207. 
Abstract ( 1323 )  
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The text analyzes the characteristics of the work through summarizing the condition of spot-check supervision to veterinary biological products in 2008, and makes suggestions from four aspects as improving the classified management, continuing to strengthen the tracking, supervising innovative mechanisms, and exploring to establish the evaluation model.