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Table of Content

20 September 2009, Volume 36 Issue 9
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动物营养与饲料科学
Effect of Different Mould Inhibitors on the Preservation Quality of Total Mixed Ration
SONG Zeng-ting;WANG Jia-qi;WANG Jing;GUO Wei-jie;ZHANG Jun-yu;BU Deng-pan
2009, 36(9):  5-9. 
Abstract ( 1861 )  
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Five mould inhibitors (potassium sorbate, sodium dehydroacetate, sodium benzoate, propionic acid and calcium propionate) were added to total mixed ration at rates of 0.15% and 0.30% of the fresh weight to examine their effect on preservation quality of TMR in a 7-day storage experiment. The results showed that TMR added 0.15% and 0.3% of sodium dehydroacetate or 0.3% of potassium sorbate remained a good quality and normal temperature during storage period. On the second day of the experiment, the moisture of TMR supplemented with 0.15% and 0.3% of propionic acid, 0.15% and 0.3% of calcium propionate and 0.15% of sodium benzoate was significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.05). On the third and fifth day of the experiment, the moisture of TMR supplemented with 0.15% and 0.3% of sodium dehydroacetate and 0.3% of potassium sorbate was significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference among groups in crude protein and ether extract during the storage period (P＞0.05). These results indicated that sodium dehydroacetate was the best one among mould inhibitors used in this experiment, with potassium sorbate taking second place.
Effect of Complex Enzyme Preparation in Different Diet Levels on Growth Performance and Biochemical Serum Indexes in Holstein Male Calf
GUI Lin-sheng;ZAN Lin-sen;LIANG Da-yong;ZHANG Shuang-qi;ZHAO Xian-lin;LIU Gui-yao
2009, 36(9):  10-15. 
Abstract ( 1514 )  
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To study the effect of different diet levels of energy complex enzyme on the Holstein male calf growth performance and blood biochemical index. Twenty health Holstein male calves that were 6 months old and had a （185.20 ± 21.30） kg (P>0.05) of body weight were randomly divided into five groups. The treatments were high energy with enzymes, high energy, low energy with enzymes, low energy and control. The five NEml levels were 35.26，35.26，30.63，30.63，32.83 MJ. Each group with the same content of crude protein diet. The results showed that in high energy feeding conditions, the average daily gain of groups with complex enzyme was not significant, and in low energy feeding conditions, the average daily gain of groups with complex enzyme was 0.14 kg, that was significant (P<0.05); with the same level of energy conditions, groups with complex enzyme in the carcass weight, muscle weight, net beef rate and slaughter rate are all higher than groups without complex enzyme. The five diets have same effect on the Holstein male calf’s biochemical serum indexes, both the compound enzyme preparation and the level of energy have equally enhance the AKP, DLH and CT in the blood tendency under the low-energy level. The results of the study indicated that the effect of compound enzyme preparation is more obvious under the low-energy level, through biochemical serum indexes and slaughter rate correlation analysis, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase could be the important index to reflect and monitor the Holstein male calf’s growth performance and digestion metabolism.
Regulatory Effect of Trivalent Chromium on Glucose Uptake
WU A-tuan;SHEN Shun-xin;WANG Min-qi
2009, 36(9):  16-19. 
Abstract ( 1396 )  
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Chromium is one of the essential trace elements for animals and human，as a cofactor with insulin at the cellular level which can maintain stability of blood glucose by improving insulin sensitivity，increasing the action of insulin and promoting the glucose uptake in the cycle tissue.Insulin-induced glucose transport is mainly mediated by GLUT-4 which plays a key role of promoting glucose uptake.Author summarized the requirements and absorption mechanism of chromium and the effect of chromium on insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT-4 to regulate the uptake of glucose in skeletal muscle.
The Application and Research of Tryptophane in Swine’s Diet
KUANG Sheng-yao
2009, 36(9):  20-22. 
Abstract ( 1332 )  
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Tryptophane is one of the essential amino acids for swine’s nutrition requirement and improving swine’s performance.Tryptophane will be widely used in swine’s diet, as it’s biological function and principle is recognized. The biochemical property, nutrition requirement and application of tryptophane are discussed in this article.
Effect of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Animal Reproductive Performances
LU Yan;HUANG Pan;WANG Tian;SHI Fang-xiong
2009, 36(9):  23-25. 
Abstract ( 1423 )  
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As an important nutrient,PUFAs can influence animal reproductive performance.The appropriate ratio of dietary ω-6 and ω-3 PUFAs can increase animal survival rates,reduce the risk of preterm labor,and improve spermatozoa activity.Herein,the type,source and biosysthesis of PUFAs and relationships to the synthesis of prostaglandins,steroid metabolism,and other reproductive performances were reviewed.
生理生化
Detection of Forsythiaside in Plasma by HPLC
ZHOU Xu-ping;LU Yan;ZHANG Zhong-wen;SHEN Hong;WU Guo-juan
2009, 36(9):  26-28. 
Abstract ( 1368 )  
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To establish a method for the determination of forsythiaside in plasma, after dealing with the plasma protein sample,acetonitrtle-water-phosphoric acid (18∶82.5∶0.41) was taken as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detective wavelength was 332 nm. The temperature was 25 ℃ and the sample volume was 10 μL. The Angilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (5 μm × 4.6 mm × 250 mm) was taken as the column for the separation and then progresssd the chromatographic analysis. In this method the plasma concentration of forsythiaside in the glycoside 0.005 to 200 μg/mL was good linearity, precision and repeatability test RSD was less than five percent.The results showed that the method is simple, sensitive and highly reproductive, and it is suitable for the research of the pharmacokinetics and relative bioavailability of forsythiaside.
Research Progress and Application Prospect of Bactericidal/Permeability Increasing Protein
LI Yan-bing;GUI Yi;LI Jin-tao;LI Zuo-sheng;SHI Xian-wei;ZHANG Yi-fang
2009, 36(9):  29-33. 
Abstract ( 1426 )  
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The bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) is an antibiotic-and endotoxin-neutralizing protein in granulocytes and epithelial cells. It is a positive protein which molecular weight range between 50 and 60 ku. BPI is mainly found in azurophili granules and surface of PMN (PN4NL) from people, cattle, rabbits and other mammals. BPI can combine with the LPS and endotoxin of gram negative bacteria and produce effects of anti-endotoxin and kill bacterial. Therefore, it has a good future of application at prevention and cure of disease of Gram-negative bacterial. BPI initial found in the human protein because of its bactericidal effect and strong anti-endotoxin role. In recent research, it has been also found that it has many other functions, such as the effects of anti-fungal and killing parasites. Therefore it has been known as “super antibiotics” of the future.
Prevalence of AmpC-type β-lactamase among 16S rRNA Methylase-producing Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Diseased Chickens
LIU He-bing;LI Xin-sheng;ZHANG Su-mei;MO Juan;XIAO Fang;PAN Yu-shan;DU Xiang-dang
2009, 36(9):  34-36. 
Abstract ( 1268 )  
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In order to investigate the prevalence of AmpC-type β-lactamase among 16S rRNA methylase-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased chickens in Henan province,158 16S rRNA methylase-producing E. coli strains isolated from diseased chickens during the years 2005 to 2008 were subjected to PCR for the presence of AmpC-type β-lactamase. The results revealed that of 158 16S rRNA methylase-producing E. coli strains, the positive rates of CMY-2, DHA-1 were 34.8% and 36.1%, respectively, suggesting AmpC-type β-lactmase were prevalent among 16S rRNA methylase-producing E. coli strains isolated from diseased chickens in Henan province.
Study on Improving Insulin Resistance with LBP-4a in Diabetes Mellitus Rats
ZHAO Rui;LI Qing-wang;;ZHANG Bing-mei
2009, 36(9):  37-41. 
Abstract ( 1415 )  
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The experiment mean to explore the improving insulin resistance (IR) mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide-4a (LBP-4a) in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) rats. LBP was extracted from Ningxia-Lycium barbarum by water extraction and ethanol precipitation technique. And the ingredient of LBP-4a was obtained by separation and purification. The animal model of NIDDM was made by feeding high-glucose and high-fat diet and subjecting to.i.p.little-dose streptozotocin (STZ). The rats of NIDDM model were divided into four groups, including model group, LBP-4a low-dose and high-dose groups, rosiglitazone group and normal control group. In order to research the effect of LBP-4a on reducing blood glucose and ameliorating IR in NIDDM rats, a lot of techniques were used such as Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis et al. We studied systematically the effect of LBP-4a on IR in NIDDM rats and researched the mechanism. The results indicated that LBP-4a had lipid-lowering effects on NIDDM rats. Furthermore, LBP-4a had antioxidative function and repairing DNA damage on NIDDM rats.Therefore, LBP-4a as a dietary supplement may improve IR and prevent the development of complications or even tendency to carcinogenesis in NIDDM rats.
The Effect of Sauropus androgynus on the Growth and Tissue Microstructure of Mice
HAO Yu-lan
2009, 36(9):  42-44. 
Abstract ( 1339 )  
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To study the effect of Sauropus androgynus on the growth and organ microstructure of mice， mice were divided into four groups including three test groups and one control group; body weights were tested in every other 5 days and at the 30th day the mice were killed for tests of histopathology. The results showed that the growth of body weights of high dose group was significant slower than that of low dose group and control group（P<0.05）, thus low dose group was significant faster than control group（P<0.05）; livers and lungs of the test groups were observed mild to middling histopathological changes. Sauropus androgynus had effects on the body growth, and tissue microstructures of mice.
生物技术
Modified Comet Assay Detecting DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Duckling Hepatic Cells
WANG Rui-guo;SU Xiao-ou 
2009, 36(9):  45-49. 
Abstract ( 1280 )  
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The present study was to use modified comet assay to detect DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in duckling hepatic cells. Ducklings were administered orally with AFB1 and the samples of liver cells were isolated at 2 h post treatment. The modified comet assay was performed and the DNA damage was determined by an increase in the comet parameters in tested animals. The results showed that AFB1 exposure could significantly increase tail length, the percentage of tail DNA (tail DNA%), tail moment and Olive tail moment compared with blank and solvent control, indicating that the assay can be used for the assessment of primary DNA damage caused by AFB1. The result also suggested that the modified comet assay performed liver cells was a valuable genotoxic marker for exposure to AFB1 in duckling.
Preparation and Identification of Monoclonal Antibodies against the Truncated E2 Protein of Classical Swine Fever Virus
ZHANG Chun-ling;ZONG Xian-wei;YANG Wen-chao;ZHANG Jing-mei;PENG Ming-yi;CHENG Bao-yan;YU Wei-yi
2009, 36(9):  50-54. 
Abstract ( 1341 )  
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A truncated gene encoding the major antigenic domains of E2 protein of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) was amplified and cloned into pGEX-4T-1 expression vector to obtain recombinant pGEX-4T-E（A）.The recombinant GST-E（A）protein expressed in E.coli Rosetta. BALB/c mice was immunized with purified GST-E（A）protein as antigen and mouse splenic cells were fused with SP2/0 cells. Hybridoma cells were screened by ELISA and subcloned. Two hybridoma cells C3 and A1 secreting anti-CSFV monoclonal antibodies were obtained. The ELISA showed the antibody titres were 1∶128000 and 1∶256000. Western blotting indicated that C3 and A1 reacted with CSFV specially. These results demonstrated that the McAbs were specific reagent for CSFV, and recognized a linear conserved epitope on the E2 protein.
Prokaryotic Expression and Identification of Fused ESAT6-MPB63-HSP65 Gene of Mycobacterium bovis
HAO Hui;HOU Shao-hua;DING Jia-bo;MAO Kai-rong;ZHU Hong-fei
2009, 36(9):  55-59. 
Abstract ( 1255 )  
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The genomic DNA of Mycobacterium bovis Vallee Ⅲ strain was used as template and the genes of ESAT6, MPB63 and HSP65 were amplified by PCR. Then these genes were tandemly inserted into pET-32a(+) to construct recombinant pET-E6-M63-H65. After the transfromation into Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) competent cells，the fused protein was expressed effectively with 1 mmol/L IPTG induction and purified by Ni2+ purification system for Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the fused proteins were correctly in molecular weight and present in soluble status. Meanwhile, the purified protein can interact with the positive sera to M.bovis, which support important materials for the molecular diagnosis for M.bovis in the future.
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the cDNA Encoding Primase in Moniezia expansa
LV Ting-de;;ZHAO Wen-juan;ZHU Jian-jun;WANG Xin-hua;BO Xin-wen
2009, 36(9):  59-62. 
Abstract ( 1271 )  
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To clone and identify novel genes from an adult Moniezia expansa (M.expansa) cDNA library, and provide a foundation for further research, a cDNA library was constructed from M.expansa adult stage. Clones were selected randomly from the cDNA library and were sequenced by using the method of expression sequence tags (ESTs). Novel genes were acquired by primer-walking. The cDNA sequence encoding M.expansa primase protein was analyzed, including searching the ORF, translating the nucleotide to protein sequence, similarity searches and secondary structure predication with bioinformatics analysis. Primase genes, 1269 bp and coding for 422 amino acids, was cloned and sequenced, then the sequence was submitted to GenBank and got an accession number,GH291475. The theoretical pI was 4.83 and molecular weight was 47.1598 ku. The full-length cDNA sequence encoding M.expansa primase was obtained, which gave a basis for further functional study of this gene.
Effect of the DNA Methyl-transferase Inhibitor on Chromosome of Donor Cells
LI Feng-zhen;YI Jian-ming
2009, 36(9):  63-66. 
Abstract ( 1502 )  
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To achieve re-totipotency in the process of animal somatic cell cloning, donor cells which were in high degree of methylation status needed to change for the non-methylation status of embryonic cells. DNA Methyl-transferase inhibitor（5-aza-dc）was used to treat donor cells to seeking for the best concentration of 5-aza-dc in this experiment. With this concentration，we could not only reduce the somatic cell nucleus for the methylation status but also have no effect on the number and structure of chromosomes, thereby providing a improved methods for somatic cell cloning efficiency. In the experiment, cow fibroblasts were treated with different concentration 5-aza-dc for 72 h and then used conventional method of chromosome karyotype analysis to prepare fission phase of chromosome and detect the number and structure of chromosome. The results as follows：There were not significant aberration of chromosome with lower concentration (0.005 μmol/L and 0.01 μmol/L) 5-aza-dc (P＞0.05). The chromosome can maintain normal shape. The experimental group(0.03 μmol/L and 0.05μmol/L)could significant induce the aberration of chromosome(P＜0.05). The aberration rate of chromosome was the highest in group treated with 0.1 μmol/L 5-aza-dc and was much more significant than the control group（P＜0.01）. In a word, these results indicated that there was no effect of chromosome structure and its number when the donor cells were treated with 0.005 μmol/L and 0.01 μmol/L 5-aza-dc for reducing the DNA methylation level .While in a high concentration, the 5-aza-dc could induce higher aberration of chromosome and could not used in animal somatic cell cloning production.
Progress on Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for Heavy Metal Ion-chelator Complexes and Immunoassays to Detect Heavy Metal Ions
KONG Tao;LI Xiao-bing;LIU Guo-wen;XIE Guang-hong;ZHANG Zhi-gang;ZHANG Yi;XU Chao;WANG Zhao-peng;WANG Zhe
2009, 36(9):  67-70. 
Abstract ( 1620 )  
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Immunoassays for heavy metal ions are new methods to detect heavy metal ions. Compared to traditional methods, immunoassays are not only fast, cheap, simple, but also reasonably portable. And they will permit the real-time/on-site assessment of heavy metal contamination. There are two prototype assays polyclonal antibody immunoassay and monoclonal antibody immunoassay, including fluorescence polarization immunoassay, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and immunosensor assay. Immunoassays based on preparation of monoclonal antibody specific for various heavy metal ion-chelator complexes may have great potential for practical applications. 
Cloning and Sequence Analysis of E Gene of Japanese Encephalitis Virus
CONG Xiao-yan;WU Jia-qiang;WANG Huai-zhong;XU Wen;ZHANG Xiu-mei;WANG Jin-bao;CHEN Pu-yan
2009, 36(9):  71-73. 
Abstract ( 1367 )  
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According to the published E genes sequence of JEV in GenBank, two pairs of PCR primers were designed. E genes were amplified from JEV-SD001 strain. Then the PCR products were cloned into pMD-18 Easy Vector, and the recombinant plasmids were obtained. The sequence of the cloned PCR products were analyzed with other JEV isolates in GenBank. The results indicated that the homology of their nucleotide sequence was over 97.2%, and it shared over 96.8% of amino acid homology with other JEV isolates. JEV-SD001 belonged to Japanese encephalitis virus genotype Ⅲ, E protein of isolates showed some differences as compared with vaccine strains.

Determination of Tetracyclines in Fowl Feeds and Premix by High Performance Capillary Electrophoresis
RAO Qin-xiong;REN Lin-lin;TONG Jing;GUO Ping;LI Hai-yan;DING Shuang-yang
2009, 36(9):  74-78. 
Abstract ( 1736 )  
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A high performance capillaty electrophoresis (HPCE) method has been established for the separation of tetracycline1, oxytetracycline and doxycycline in fowl feeds and premix. Separation was carried out in a 64.5 cm×75 μm I.D. fused-silica uncoated capillary in 40 mmol/L Na2HPO4-20 mmol/L Citric acid buffer (pH 2.6) with 30 kV. The linear of the melamine was 1 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg, and correlation index was higher than 0.994. Limit of quantitations of feeds and premix were 2 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries were higher than 80% in the spiked range from the concentration of 2 mg/kg to 80 mg/kg, and RSDs were lower than 10%. 
Rescue of Vero Cell Adapted Rabies Virus ERA Vaccine Strain with R333E Mutation in Glycoprotein
GUO Li;;WANG Xi-jun;FENG Na;GE Jin-ying;YANG Song-tao;XIA Xian-zhu;BU Zhi-gao
2009, 36(9):  79-82. 
Abstract ( 1538 )  
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The glycoprotein (G) of rabies virus (RV) is known to play a predominant role in the pathogenesis of rabies. And G333 (Arg) is one of molecular basis that decided neurocyte tropism in rabies virus. For developing new vaccine of rabies virus which is safer and has good immunogenicity, based on reverse genetics, the antigen site R333 of Glycoprotein, in the Vero cell adapted ERA vaccine strain, was mutated from R to E. And rescued the attenuated vaccine strain ERAGΔ successfully. TCID50 was between 10-4 and 10-5, in vitro growth the virus of ERAGΔ was reproduce after 24 hours, and the highest titer was in five days, then fall-off. The result shows the same typical grows kinetics with parents ERA in Vero cells. It was a substantial technique for the next research on attenuated vaccine. In this experiment, the attenuated vaccine strain ERAGΔ was rescued successfully, and provided a good candidate for vaccine. It has great value for next research and practical application.
遗传繁育
Mammalian Embryo Stem Cell Research Progress
DENG Shou-long;PENG Tao;LV Zi-li;WANG An-jiang; WANG Liang;CAO Wen-guang
2009, 36(9):  86-93. 
Abstract ( 1325 )  
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The term “stem cells” was first proposed by a Russian scientist at a congress in Berlin in 1908. Stem cells have the characteristics of self-renewal, and differentiation into any type of cells or tissues. Stem cells can be classified into embryo stem cells or adult stem cells or somatic stem cells, the later are undifferentiated cells (stem cells) found in the body after born. They multiply by cell division to replenish damaged cells or tissue in the body. Stem cells can also be categorized by their sources, for instance, embryonic stem cells from early embryos, hematopoietic stem cells from bone marrow, and cancer stem cells, and more recently induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. From their sources and ability to self-renew and differentiate, to date, embryonic stem cells are still considered as the best or most popular stem cells. This review will highlight the progress and findings in stem cell research with a focus on embryo stem cells, their directed differentiation and the mechanisms of the induction.
Review on TYRP1 Gene Control Animal Pigmentation
CUI Jia;SUN Shou-rong;MIAO Lu-xu;XI Dong-mei;HE Yi-duo;MAO Hua-ming;DENG Wei-dong
2009, 36(9):  94-96. 
Abstract ( 1399 )  
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Melanin was distributed widely in microorganism, plant and animal and played significantly physiological roles. This article reviewed research progress in animal melanin synthesis and pigmentation. Furthermore, the effect of molecular characteristic and mutation of tyrosinase related protein 1 gene (TYRP1) on animal pigmentation and skin color was summarized. All results will provide the molecular basis on black traits of black-boned sheep and silky fowl.
Research Progress of Forecast and Evaluation Methods in Animal Heterosis
CHEN Hong-yue;ZENG Dai-qin;LIN Bao-zhong;WANG Si-hai;WANG Zhen
2009, 36(9):  97-100. 
Abstract ( 1268 )  
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Based on the theoretical basis of heterosis, this article reviewed the research progress of forecasting animal heterosis from genetic distance, mixed experiment of mitochondrion, protein polymorphisms,ratio of between-group variance to inter-group variance and molecular genetic marker, then analysed the merits and demerits of these methods.
Effects of Cytochalasin B on Vitrification of Bovine GV-stage Oocytes
GUO Juan;WANG Zhi-qin;ZHAO Yun-cheng;LIN Jia-peng;HUANG Jun-cheng
2009, 36(9):  101-103. 
Abstract ( 1323 )  
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In the present study， effects of concentration of cytochalasin B(CB) on solid surface vitrification (SSV) of bovine GV-stage oocytes were examined. The results demonstrated that no significant differences were observed in vitro maturation rate among with or without CB pre-treatment，while they were all significantly lower than that in the IVM group.In conclusion，different concentration CB(2.5,7.5,15,20 and 30 μg/mL)treatment before vitrification did not improve the IVM rate following the vitrification of immature bovine oocytes.
奶业专栏
B Ultrasonography Study on the Recovery of the Uterus and the Change of the Ovary in Postpartum Dairy Cows
HAN Jin-jin;DENG Li-xin;HE Cong;ZHANG Jian;YANG Li-guo
2009, 36(9):  107-110. 
Abstract ( 1506 )  
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This paper aims at studying the recovery of the uterus and the change of the ovary in postpartum dairy cows by ultrasonography scanning and researching on the variation of the reproductive performance, in order to supply datum for better guiding postpartum breeding and reproduction of dairy cows. On experiment plan, Choose 8 heads of Chinese postpartum dairy Holstein (including 4 heads of primiparous and 4 heads of multiparous dairy cows). The recovery of the uterus and the change of the ovary in postpartum dairy cows were studied by ultrasonography from the first day of postpartum last to the time of the next estrus mating. The results showed that the recovery times of cervix and uterine wall in primiparous dairy cows are about 25 days and 32 days respectively, in multiparous dairy cows are all about 27 days. The development of the follicles in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows all experienced six follicle waves, the first three follicle waves being one estrous cycle and the last three follicle waves being one estrous cycle. Because the uterus did not recover completely, the mating should be at the end of the second estrous cycle(that is at the time of the sixth follicle wave).The average time of postpartum estrus mating in primiparous and multiparous dairy cows are about 90 days and 53 days respectively. All results mentioned above indicated that the average time of cervix recovering to normal in primiparous dairy cows is 2 days earlier than that of the postpartum dairy cows, but the average time of uterine wall recovering to normal in primiparous dairy cows is 5 days later than that of the postpartum dairy cows, the average time of estrus mating in primiparous dairy cows is 37 days later than that of the postpartum dairy cows.
Analysis of Main Factors Effected on Retention of the Afterbirth of Dairy Cow
Wubuli·Shadike;YE Dong-dong;ZHANG Zai-guo;FAN Guo-fu;ZHANG Gui-fen;HUANG Xi-xia;WANG Li
2009, 36(9):  114-116. 
Abstract ( 1613 )  
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The objective of this study was to investigate the main factors of retention of the afterbirth of diary cow, datas of calving records form Xinjiang Hutubi dairy farm were collected and sorted out, the effects of calving season, parity, sex, and calf birth weight on retention of afterbirth of the diary cow were analyzed by SAS 8.1. Results showed that the effect of cows calving season on retained fetal membranes of cows was highly significant (P<0.01), incidence rate of retained fetal membranes of cows in winter was up to 40.72%; the effect of parity on retained fetal membranes of cows was highly significant (P<0.01), incidence rate of retained fetal membranes of cows was no less than 40% especially when the parity was more than 3. The effect of sex and calf birth weigh on retained fetal membranes of cows was not significant (P>0.05).
疾病防治
The Research of Gold Immunochromatographic Strip for Newcastle Disease Virus
LI Bei-bei;ZHANG Fan;XUE Qiang;LI Jin-feng;ZOU Ming-qiang;YANG Yi
2009, 36(9):  122-125. 
Abstract ( 1414 )  
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To develop a simple, rapid and high efficiency immunochromatographic assay for Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The sodium citrate reduction was used to make colloidal gold particles which will conjugate with NDV monoclonal antibody as immunoassay probes. The test line was sprayed on the nitrocellulose membrane, while a sheep anti-mouse antibody quality control line (C line) was sprayed. The strip could detect NDV in 10 min. The detection of NDV was more sensitive than the HA test results by improving 8 times. NDV had no cross-reactions with AIV. With buffer as control testing, the result was negative. Storage of the strips in a sealed, dry, low temperature conditions had not changed their sensitivity and specificity. The research revealed that the strip for detection of NDV has high specificity, sensitivity and stability. Its rapid detection and easy operation make it suitable for widely use. 
Detection of NDV Infection and Antigen Locationby Indirect Immunocytochemistry
PENG Ming-yi;CHENG Bao-yan;DAI Yin;CHENG Bang-zhao;ZHANG Chun-ling;YU Wei-yi
2009, 36(9):  126-130. 
Abstract ( 1229 )  
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The objective is to establish a simple, convenient, accurate, specific method to detect the NDV and detect the location of NDV in the COS-7 by comparing the indirect HRP-immunocytochemistry and indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Both two experiment methods can detect the location of NDV and it was in the cell plasm of the COS-7. The indirect HRP-immunocytochemistry request the dilution of the first antibody is less than 1∶100, but the indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry request the dilution of the first antibody is less than 1∶100. The indirect HRP-immunocytochemistry request the dilution of the second antibody is less than 1∶300, but the indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry request the dilution of the second antibody is less than 1∶50. Further more, when detect the results that the indirect HRP-immunocytochemistry is more convenient than the indirect fluorescence immunocytochemistry. The indirect HRP-immunocytochemistry is simple, convenient, accurate and specific method to detect the NDV. 
Effect of Inactivated Chinese Herbs Adjuvant Vaccines against H5N2 Subtype AIV on Peripheral Blood T Lymphocyte Subgroup in Chickling
MA De-hui;XUE Jiang-dong;YAO Chun-yu;MENG Xian-long;YANG Ming-xia;LIU Guo-wen;
2009, 36(9):  131-133. 
Abstract ( 1619 )  
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200 male Hyline Brown chicklings were divided into 4 groups(A, B,C and D), each group with 50 broilers. The group A was injected with inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against H5N2 subtype avian influenza virus with adjuvant of astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the group B was injected with inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against H5N2 subtype avian influenza virus with adjuvant of ginseng saponin (GS), the group C and D were injected with inactivated oil-emulsion vaccines against H5N2 subtype avian influenza virus and physiological saline(control), respectively. Five chicks were selected randomly before vaccination, the blood was taken by heart puncture and anticoagulated by EDTA.The other, each of five chicks was selected randomly from each group on the 5th, 12th and 19th days after vaccination, and the blood was also taken by heart puncture and anticoagulated by EDTA. Detecting the changes of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subgroup of each group in different stage. The data showed that the APS and GS can enhance the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ significantly compared with the common vaccine and blank groups(P<0.01), the APS and GS can also elevate the percentage of CD4+ subgroup, and the elevation rates were significantly higher than preimmune (P<0.01 or P<0.05).
Development and Application of PCR Assay for Porcine Pleuropneumonia
WANG Hai-li;GE Chang-cheng;XU Gong-yi;LV Yun-peng
2009, 36(9):  135-138. 
Abstract ( 1278 )  
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To study of porcine pleuropneumonia epidemic status in Liaocheng, a PCR method of detection Actinobacillus pleuropneaumoniae（App）was established. Experimental study on 186 lesion tissue samples of death pigs and 545 nasal swab samples of normal pigs, and the App positive rate were 43.0%（80/186） and 9.4%（51/545） respectively.The PCR method of detection App becomes the main way of clinical diagnosis. The survey indicates the epidemic status and inapparent infection of App were exist in Liaocheng.
The Current Research, Prevention and Control on Brucellosis
REN Hong-lin;LU Shi-ying;ZHOU Yu;LI Zhao-hui;LIU Zeng-shan
2009, 36(9):  139-143. 
Abstract ( 1318 )  
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Brucellosis is a serious zoonosis caused by Brucella spp. and results in abortion and infertility in several mammal species including humans. Transmission of Brucellosis to human mainly occurs by Brucella-infected animals. At present, the epidemic situation is sharply increasing. Here we summarized the current research and epidemic trends in Brucellosis, and preliminarily discuss the main difficulties of its prevention and control. 
The Influence of IBD Moderate-virulent Live Vaccines on Humoral Immunity of H9 Subtype Inactivated AI Vaccine
YANG Heng-dong;LIU Xue-xian;Gao Song
2009, 36(9):  144-146. 
Abstract ( 1552 )  
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Weiyang Ma chicks were divided into five groups randomly and groups Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ were immunized with vaccines A，B，C respectively and H9 subtype inactivated AI vaccine. Group Ⅳ was H9 subtype inactivated AI vaccine control and group Ⅴ was vacant control. Dynamic detection of the antibody of H9 subtype inactivated AI vaccine was performed after the second IBD moderate-virulent live vaccines immunization to evaluate the influence of the IBD immunization on H9 subtype inactivated AI vaccine’s humoral immunity before 45 days old(23 days before the second IBD immunization, 20 days before the second AI immunization ). The results showed that there was distinct difference between group Ⅰ and Ⅳ，group Ⅱand Ⅳ respectively and there was no distinct difference between group Ⅲ and Ⅳ. There were no difference between the test groups after 45 days old(20 days after the second AI immunization). 
Diagnosis of PCV-2, Haeopilus parasuis and E.coli Mixed Infection
LIU Jian;ZHOU Jin-ping;ZHANG Wei-yi;JU Hou-bin;SHEN Li-ping;XU Feng
2009, 36(9):  147-148. 
Abstract ( 1413 )  
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A infectious disease hanppened in a hoggery in Jiangsu, The clinical characters of ablactated plglets were high fever, high infectivity and high mortality. Purtenances of the dead swine were detected, and some pathogenies were isolated by laboratory methods. By bacteriological experiments, two bacteria strains were isolated. The one was Haeopilus parasuis(Hps), the other one was E.coli. When the swatch was isolated in PK-15 cell, the cell culture liquid was PCV-2 positive with PCR. We can conclude the hoggery infected PCV-2, which destroyed the immunity of the swinery, it made the swinery infected Haeopilus parasuis and E.coli more easy. 
动物生产
Analysis of the Factors Affecting Pig Digestibility
ZHANG Ling-qing
2009, 36(9):  174-178. 
Abstract ( 1437 )  
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Digestibility is a key factor in pig production. The paper reviews the factors of feed nutrition ingredient (dietary energy, the source of protein, feed additives and anti-nutritional factors), the faitors of pig itself (breeding, age, individual differences, feed intake, disease and physiological status) and rearing management technology affect on digestibility of pig. Expectations of production managers pay attention to the factor of digestibility, and enhance economic benefits. 
经验交流
Study and Application on the β-mannanase in Feed
XU Li-ping
2009, 36(9):  182-183. 
Abstract ( 1236 )  
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β-mannanase, as one kind of very important feed enzyme preparations, is one kind of new feed additives. Added β-mannanase in feed mainly to promote animal growth, prevent animal disease, improve the transformable efficiency of animal feed, increase excrement and urine excreting, lighten environment pollution, and so on. From four sides, which are the source, the physics and chemistry characters, action mechanism, and the application in animal production of β-mannanase, expounds the study and application of the β-mannanase in feed.
The Impact of the Level of Androgen on the Quality of Sperm in Mature Roosters
XUE Mao-yun;GAO Yu-shi;TANG Xiu-jun
2009, 36(9):  184-185. 
Abstract ( 1298 )  
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In this study, the contain of androgen and the quality of sperm in thirty mature Wenchang roosters were studied, the results were as followed, the quantity of sperm in the group of higher androgen was higher (P<0.05); the density of sperm in the group of lower androgen was higher (P<0.05); the correlation between the quantity of sperm and the density of sperm was no significant.
Effects of Melatonin on c-fos Oncogene Expression of the Bone Marrow of Chicken in Different Illumination Conditions
SONG Li-xia;LIU Shu-ying
2009, 36(9):  186-188. 
Abstract ( 1386 )  
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In order to find out the relationship between the changes of melatonin secretion and expression of c-fos oncogene, in this study, we have one day-old chicks by controlling different illumination conditions, then take out 1 cm bone marrow, immunohistochemical analysis showed that：①positive signal in the cytoplasm of monocytic series; positive signal in the cell nuclei of megakaryocytic series, granulocytic series and lymphocyteic series; no positive signal in erythrocyte. ②With the extension of illumination time, the expression of c-fos had a growth trend. The results showed that c-fos is related to cell proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells. The increase of melatonin can significantly inhibit c-fos oncogene expression and the reduction of melatonin can stimulate c-fos expression. According to the results of this experiment can speculate that melatonin can impact on proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow cells by regulating the expression of c-fos.
Development for Sustained-release Preparations of Veterinary Drugs
CHANG Li-li;ZHANG Chun-hui;XIAO Chuan-bin;ZANG He-ying
2009, 36(9):  189-191. 
Abstract ( 1334 )  
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Because of its safety, long-lasting, cheap and convenient, the sustained-release preparations were affirmed by veterinary workers, becoming the main direction of research and development. In order to educe role of this formulations better in the veterinary clinical, we summarized release-principle of sustained-release preparation, research and application and prospect about it in this article.
Strategic Thinking on Development of Healthy Breeding Industry of Pig in China
LU Feng-jun;PENG Tao;ZHU He-yan;LIU Xiao-feng
2009, 36(9):  192-195. 
Abstract ( 1399 )  
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Based on the analyse of the develop background of healthy breeding industry of pig, intends to promote pigs health,human race health,environment health and industry chain health, build the object system of healthy breeding of pig industry’s profit guarantee and value guarantee, study the guarantee tactic which includes technology system，organize frame，run mechanism and moderation scale.
Study on Feed Effects of Meat Ducks Raised in Nets
ZHU Ming-xia
2009, 36(9):  196-198. 
Abstract ( 1212 )  
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In order to investigate the advantages of raising ducks in nets, we took raising on floors as control in this study. The survival rate, weight gain, feed consumption, feed intake and feed weight ratio of meat ducks under the two rearing methods were determined, respectively. The results showed that the survival rate of ducks raised in nets was 4.3% higher than that of on floors; weight gains of whole course and in growing periods raised in nets were significantly higher (P<0.05) than the control group. As far as feed consumption of whole course was concerned, the value of raising in nets was lower, but there was no obvious difference between them. The feed weight ratio of meat ducks raised in nets（1.98）was significantly lower（P＜0.01）than the control group(2.14). In balance, feeding effects of raising in nets were better than that of control group (raising on floors).
Estimating the Weight of Chinese Simmental by Using Stepwise Regression
HE Jian-ning;LI Jun-ya;XU Shang-zhong;YUAN Zheng-rong;GAN Qian-fu;LI Jiao;ZHOU Zheng-kiu;GAO Xue;CHEN Jin-bao
2009, 36(9):  199-200. 
Abstract ( 1353 )  
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Body weight，body length，wither height，heart girth, abdominal circumference, cannon bone circumference of 165 Chinese Simmental were measured.Estimating the body weight by using stepwise regression,and compared with the measured body weight.The formula of estimated body weight of Chinese Simmental has been received in this paper.F and t test of the formula indicates that the predicted and actual value had no significant difference，and the related coefficient is 0.952.
Influence Factors on Preparation of Sustained-release Microcapsules by Spray Drying Technique
QIAN Rui;ZHENG Ming-xue;LI Jin
2009, 36(9):  201-203. 
Abstract ( 1221 )  
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Spray drying is commonly used to make sustained-release microcapsules, its application field, preparation process were overviewed. The effects of successfully making sustained-release microcapsules were investigated through the coating material, temperature, concentration of solution, speed of spray, feed rate, plasticizer and antisticking agent.