China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine

Annual Review of Ruminant Nutrition in 2010——Ⅱ.Carbohydrate Nutrition

YANG Yong-xin;WANG Jia-qi;BU Deng-pan;LI Shan-shan;YUAN Ting-jie;ZHOU Ling-yun

2011, 38(3): 5-10.

Abstract ( 1213 )

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Carbohydrate in diet plays an important role in regulation of rumen fermentation in ruminant，elevation of the feed efficiency and further for improving ruminant production performance. In this article，advance in ruminant carbohydrate nutrition in 2010 were focused on.The regulation of metabolism in rumen，the efficiency of postruminal infusion of starch and glucose metabolism and requirment content，and application of carbohydrate feed supplement diet on ruminant production and reproduction performance and composition of ruminant products.

Effects of Intravenously Injected Zn Source and Level on Growth Performance and Tissue Zn Concentration for Broilers

SHEN Su-fang;LV Lin;WANG Run-lian;LI Su-fen;ZHANG Li-yang;LUO Xu-gang

2011, 38(3): 11-15.

Abstract ( 1183 )

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An experiment was carried out with a total of 378 22-day-old Arbor Acres commercial male broilers to investigate the effects of intravenously injected Zn source and absorbility level on growth performance and tissue Zn concentration. On 22 d, birds were randomly assigned by bodyweight to one of 9 treatments (Seven pen replicates of six chicks each) in a completely randomized design involving a 4×3 factorial arrangement of treatments. The four Zn sources were Zn sulfate, Zn-AAC with the weak chelation strength, Zn-Pro B with the moderate chelation strength and Zn-Pro A with strong chelation strength, respectively. The three intravenously injected Zn absorbility levels were 0%, 6% and 12%, respectively. All four injected Zn sources shared a control group injected with 0.9% NaCl solution. The birds were injected for 12 days. The results showed that injected Zn source significantly affected (P<0.10) the tibia ash Zn on 6 d after injection. There were no differences (P>0.10) among Zn sources in growth performance during 1 to 6 and 7 to 12 d after injection, pancreas Zn on d 6 after injection, pancreas Zn, and tibia ash Zn on d 12 after injection. Injected Zn absorbility level affected (P<0.10) ADG during d 1 to 6 d, pancreas Zn and tibia ash Zn on d 6 and 12 after injection. No differences were observed (P>0.10) among Zn absorbility level in ADFI during 1 to 6 d or ADFI, ADG and FI during 7 to 12 d after injection. All of the above indices were not affected (P>0.10) by the interaction between Zn source and absorbility level. Chicks injected with solution containing organic Zn source with strong chelation strength had lower (P<0.10) tibia ash Zn concentration than those injected with solution containing organic Zn source with moderate or weak chelation strength, and showed the tendency to be lower (P>0.10) compared with those injected with solution containing inorganic zinc sulfate. The control group had lower (P<0.10) ADG level than the group injected with 6% Zn absorbility solution, and had higher (P<0.10) FI than the group injected with 6% or 12% Zn absorbility solution. There were no differences (P>0.10) among other groups in ADG and FI. Pancreas Zn content and tibia ash Zn content on d 6 and 12 after injection increased linearly (P<0.10) as intravenously injected Zn absorbility level increased. The results indicated that the tibia ash Zn concentration on d 6 after injection was more sensitive for detection of the differences among zinc sources in biological availability. The Zn source with strong chelation strength was the least available for the utilization of tissue in broilers.

Dietary Nutritional Regulation of the Milk Composition of Dairy Cow

ZHAO Xiao-wei;ZHOU Ling-yun;BU Deng-pan;CUI Hai;YANG Guang

2011, 38(3): 16-20.

Abstract ( 1232 )

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Through nutrition manipulation alter milk composition have been more and more concerned by researcher in recent years. This paper reviewed through nutritional regulation of milk for cow milk fat, milk protein and lactose.

The Effect of Different Levels of Expanded Blood Meal on the Nutrients Metabolic and the Serum Biochemical Indexes of Growing Geese

WANG Yan-rong;LIU Chang-zhong;ZHANG Hai-tang;CUI Jian-xun;LI Guo-ming;WANG Zi-liang

2011, 38(3): 21-23.

Abstract ( 1258 )

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300 Huoyan geese aged 28-day-old and weighed (1142.68±50.64) g were allotted to 3 groups. Each group had 5 replicates with 20 geese in each replicate. The 1.5%,3%,4.5% expanded blood meal were added in diets, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted for 28 days to study the effect of the different levels of expanded blood meal on the apparent metabolic rate of nutrients and the serum biochemical indexes. The results showed that: ①The apparent metabolic rate of nutrients were the highest in the group with 3% expanded blood meal. The apparent of metabolic rate of ADF,CP was significant higher in the 3% expanded blood meal group than 1.5% expanded blood meal group and 4.5% expanded blood meal group（P＜0.05）.The apparent of metabolic rate of NDF,E was significant higher in the 3% expanded blood meal group than 4.5% expanded blood meal group. There was no significant difference between the 1.5% expanded blood meal group and 4.5% expanded blood meal group（P＞0.05）.②The serum ALT,AST,ALB,GLOB and TP were the highest in 3.0% expanded blood meal group,but there were no significant difference among groups（P＞0.05）.Combined all indexes;the best addition level of expanded blood meal in the diets of the growing Huoyan geese was 3.0% in this test.

Effects of Different Source and Level of Zinc on the Related Hormones in Dairy Goats

HE Cui-ting;WANG Lin-feng;YANG Gai-qing;ZHANG Zhen;GAO Jian-wei;FENG Ya-qiang

2011, 38(3): 24-27.

Abstract ( 1112 )

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In order to research the effect of different source and levels of zinc on the related hormone in dairy goats，12 diary goats of 2.5 to 3 years old were elected and randomly divided into 2 groups averagely, which infused different source of zinc. One group infused with different level of ZnSO4, the others infused with different level Zn-AA, the concentration of different zinc source as follows:0 ,20, 40, 60 ,80,100 ,200 mg/kg. Each infusing period were lasted 7 d. In the later 3 days, blood samples were collected from jugular and made serum to detect the zinc level and the related hormones of GH,E2 ,PRL and IGF-I. The results showed that the hormones had a strong relationship with the zinc source. The level of GH and E2 was increasing with the concentration of zinc. The level of PRL was decreased with the increasing of the zinc concentration. While the level of IGF-Ⅰwas decreased with the increasing of zinc concentration in the group of ZnSO₄，in the group of Zn-AA，IGF-Ⅰwas decreased at lower concentration but increasing at the higher concentration. It was concluded that different source and level zinc had a promotion effect on the secretion of GH and E2, and had an inhibition effect on PRL；ZnSO₄have an inhibition effect on IGF-Ⅰ, Zn-AA inhibited IGF-Ⅰin low concentration and increased at the high level.

Effect of Wheat Replace Corn on Broiler Production Performance, Immune Organs, Blood Parameters and Digesta Viscosity

ZHANG Bian-ying;WANG Fang;ZHANG Hong-gang;ZHANG Yuan-qing;SHANGGUAN Ming-jun;WU Xia;FAN Ai-fang

2011, 38(3): 28-33.

Abstract ( 1498 )

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The experiment was divided into 4 groups: corn diet as the control group, wheat diet, wheat diet supplemented xylanase, fermented wheat diet as the test group. 360 one-day-old AA broiler chickens were selected and they were randomly divided into 4 groups, 3 repeats each group, 30 chickens each repeat, male and female mixed. The pre-feeding period was a week. It went into the test period in the second week. They were slaughtered on the fourth weekend. The production performance, immune organ index, blood parameters, digesta viscosity were determined, and cecal contents were separated colonies. The results showed: ①Production performance,7 to 14 day-old, the average daily weight gain on fermented wheat diet was lowest than other (P<0.01), feed efficiency was highest than other (P<0.01),wheat diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase feed efficiency was no signifficent difference,but higher than corn diet(P<0.01). 15 to 22 day-old, the average daily weight gain on fermented wheat diet was lowest than other (P<0.01), corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase average feed intake was no signifficent difference(P>0.05), but higher than fermented wheat diet and lower than wheat diet (P<0.01). Corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase feed efficiency was no signifficent difference (P>0.05), wheat diet and fermented wheat diet feed efficiency was no signifficent difference (P>0.05),but the frist two groups lower than behind two groups. 23 to 30 day-old , the average daily weight gain on fermented wheat diet was lowest than other (P<0.01), corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase feed efficiency was no signifficent difference (P>0.05),but higher than Fermented wheat diet and lower than wheat diet(P<0.01),fermented wheat diet feed efficiency higher than corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase,but lower than wheat diet(P<0.01). ② Immune organs index: fermented wheat diet spleen index was the higher than wheat diet supplemented xylanase (P<0.05). Fermented wheat diet Thymus index was the higher than wheat diet(P<0.01), corn diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase was no signifficent difference(P>0.05).③ Colony isolation cecal contents showed: no significant difference in the total number of anaerobic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria (P>0.05), wheat diet supplemented xylanase E.coli was less than the corn diet(P<0.05), but the total number of the other groups of lactic acid bacteria was no significant difference (P>0.05). ④Fermented wheat diet T3, T4, and blood glucose were lower than corn diet,wheat diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase (P<0.01), uric acid were higher than corn diet,wheat diet and wheat diet supplemented xylanase (P<0.01). ⑤Tissue slice showed: wheat diet liver lymph cells hyperplasia,spleens have congestion,other groups had no signifficent difference.

Research Progress on Control Technology of Dietary Ideal Amino Acid Levels on Growth and Development in Broilers

DENG Xue-juan;LIU Guo-hua;CAI Hui-yi;LIU Ning;WANG Yuan;CHANG WEN-huan;ZHANG Shu

2011, 38(3): 34-38.

Abstract ( 1297 )

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Nutritional status can significantly affect the muscle growth of broilers, and different nutritional factors on the impact of muscle growth is different. Dietary amino acids is the most important nutritional factor of broiler muscle. Appropriate to improve the level of dietary amino acids can reduce the chicken fat deposition, increase breast meat yeild significantly and improved broiler weight gain and feed conversion efficiency. Research progress on control technology of dietary ideal amino acid levels on growth and development of broilers in this paper are reviewed.

Progress in the Security of Animal Products and Grain，and the Technology of Forage-type Total Mixed Rations

WANG Xiao-guang;JIA Yu-shan;GE Gen-tu

2011, 38(3): 42-46.

Abstract ( 1258 )

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The technology of forage-type total mixed rations is an important part of ensuring security of animal products and recruiting the feed grain shortage.Forage-type total mixed rations are the means of herbivorous livestock breeding industry achieve a balanced supply of feed needed， improve and enhance the feeding value and utilization ratio of forage， and occupies an extremely important role in the development of modern animal husbandry. The authors discusses the meaning and merits of the technology of forage-type total mixed rations and the importance of its development, and direct to the development of the current status of the processing and utilization of the forage，the thesis raised the necessity of this technology research.

Application of Physiological Model in Veterinary Pharmacokinetic Study

WANG Lin;DING Huan-zhong

2011, 38(3): 47-50.

Abstract ( 1165 )

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In this article, basic concepts and classification of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model were introduced and procedure to establish PBPK model were described in detail. Recent progress of PBPK model in veterinary medicine was reviewed, and then the future trend of PBPK model was predicted. It’s believed that PBPK model will play an important role in veterinary pharmacokinetic study.

Adiponectin Effect of ADPN mRNA，Hormone-sensitive Lipase mRNA Expression on Primary Cultured Bovine Adipocytes

YU Guo-jian;LIU Guo-wen;LI Xiao-bing;WANG Zhe;LI Peng;HUANG Hai-long;ZHANG Yi;

2011, 38(3): 51-54.

Abstract ( 1079 )

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This experiement on adipocyte of calf was adopt to make primary culture，select monolayer growth well adipocyte of calf，then add concentration of the additives was as ADPN: 0,2.5,5,15,30,50,100 μg/mL, after 12 h cultivation，abstract total RNA and test the effect of ADPN on the fat cell of ADPN mRNA and HSL mRNA expression by FQ-PCR method. With increasing the addition of ADPN, expression level of ADPN mRNA decreased; the expression level of HSL mRNA in fat cell was highest when the concentration of ADPN was 15 μg/mL in cell culture media，then decreased. The results showed as follows: the ADPN mRNA expression was regulated by negative regulator itself in adipocyte culture in vitro, but the appropriate amount concentration of ADPN could stimulate adipocyte HSL mRNA expression.

he Comparison and Application of Masson Trichrome and HE Staining in Histological Paraffin Sections of Teeth in Guinea Pig

HAN Tian-long;WANG Min;HONG Min;SA Qi-renggui;CHA Gan-qiqige;HE Xi-ge;SUN De-xin

2011, 38(3): 55-57.

Abstract ( 1388 )

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In view of the difficulty of teeth of morphological study, chose the proper reagent for fixed, and the appropriate decalcify solution （EDTA-2Na） for completing the paraffin sections of teeth. The teeth histological sections were carried out using Masson trichrome staining and HE staining, by determining the advisable procedure and staining time firstly. Compared with HE staining, the main components were stained with different colours for bright and contrasted more obvious in Masson trichrome staining, which would paly an important role on the physiology and pathological morphological studies of teeth. For the similar characteristics of hard tissues in the body, this method could be referenced, improved and applied in the bone, cartilage and other hard tissues.

Analysis of the Function of H₂S in the Central Nervous System and Correlation with Anesthesia

FAN Hong-gang;GAO Li;ZHANG Jian-tao;WU Yue;MA Hai-kun

2011, 38(3): 58-60.

Abstract ( 1152 )

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A growing number of evidence show that endogenous hydrogen sulphide(H2S) is a new kind of gaseous signal molecule, which plays an important role in regulation and protection of central nervous system. But the role of hydrogen sulphide in anesthesia is still unknown.This paper infer that H₂S has some association with anesthesia with the analysis of the adjustment to NMDA receptors, nerve cells calcium channel and the relationship between gaseous signal molecule and anesthesia.

Cloning and Fusion Expression of Chicken MHCⅠ Molecule

DAI Yin;CHENG Bao-yan;HU Xiao-miao;WANG Jun-jun;CHEN Fang-fang;YU Wei-yi

2011, 38(3): 61-64.

Abstract ( 1134 )

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To explore MHC mechanism presenting antigen and function as vaccine carrier，we cloned MHCⅠgene from chicken by RT-PCR，and constructed a recombined plasmid containing MHCⅠβ_2m-α fusion gene and expressed in a prokaryotic system. Chicken MHCⅠα and β_2mchains were cloned from chicken by RT-PCR，the recombinant gene MHCⅠβ_2mα was linked with a DNA sequence coding for short peptide（Gly₄Ser）₄，and confirmed by PCR amplification，double restriction digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was expressed in E.coliBL21 after induction by IPTG. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were used to detect expression products. The results revealed that the lengths of MHCⅠα and β_2m chains were 1014 and 300 bp，respectively, and the recombinant fusion gene was 1194 bp. The fusion protein was about 62.0 ku and had the reactinogenicity with specific antibody.

New Advances in RNA Interference Studies in Parasitic Nematodes

HE Xian-hui;ZHU Xing-quan;XU Min-jun;

2011, 38(3): 65-68.

Abstract ( 1184 )

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RNA interference(RNAi) is a powerful tool for genomics research. It was found that gene expression can be interfered by double-stranded RNA(dsRNA) which led to silence of the target gene. RNA interference in parasitic nematodes with exogenous dsRNA helps understand the characteristics of different developmental stages and the biological functions of aimed genes. On the other hand, the study of RNA interference in parasitic nematodes will promote the RNAi technology itself. The present article reviewed the research progresses in RNAi studies in parasitic nematodes in recent years, which would provide references for related research.

Effect of Corn Protein Polypeptide on Fatty Acid Synthetase Expressing Location in Different Tissues of Geese

LUAN Xin-hong;CAO Zhong-zan;CAO Min-jian;SHI Jiao;WU Gao-feng;JIANG Li

2011, 38(3): 69-72.

Abstract ( 1130 )

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The immunohistochemical techniques were used in this experiment to discuss the effect of the corn protein polypeptide on fat fatty synthase (FAS) expression location in different tissues of geese. 240 one-day-old Changtu huoyan geese were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group set six repeats, each repeat with 10 geese. Among them, one control group was fed basal diet, the other three doses groups, per kilogram of basal diets supplemented with corn protein polypeptide 100, 300 and 500 mg, respectively. Then in 30-day-old and 60-day-old, the liver tissue and subcutaneous adipose of geese were collected to be applied in analyzing the expression and distribution of FAS by immunohistochemical method. The results indicated that in liver tissue and adipose tissue of geese, the FAS expressing was mainly distributed in the liver endothelial cell cytoplasm and nucleus and adipocyte membrane. With the increase of age, the content of FAS in liver and fat tissue of geese increased.Add corn protein polypeptide could promote the FAS expressing in livers of geese and restrain expressing in adipose tissue. Compared 60-day-old with 30-day-old, the FAS expression of livers in high, medium and low dose group, increased 47.75%、36.21% and 158.74%, respectively, but 11.00% in control group. Meantime corn protein polypeptide could restrain the FAS expression of the adipose tissue, decrease 22.34%, 46.43% and 49.17%, respectively. The results showed that the corn protein polypeptide showed a dual effect, low doses corn protein polypeptide （100 mg/kg diet） added for longer time in the diet of geese could effectively promote the FAS expressing in livers, reduce the FAS expressing in adipose tissue, so as to facilitate the regulation of the body lipid metabolism, improve the quality of carcasses.

Preparation and the Specificity of Monoclonal Antibody against Saxitoxin

YAN Dong-ming;YU Shi-yu;REN Hong-lin;ZHOU Yu;MENG Xian-mei;LIN Chao;LIU Zeng-shan;LU Shi-ying

2011, 38(3): 73-76.

Abstract ( 1176 )

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Saxitoxin（STX）was conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as immune antigen. Inoculated mouse with STX-BSA, gained one hybridoma cell strains secreting monoclonal antibodies against STX stably. The subclass of the McAb was IgM. The titer of the McAb was 1∶102400 in ascites according to the indirect ELISA determination. The affinity constant was 3.71×106 L/mol.

The Detection of Hal Gene in Six Pig Breeds in Shanxi Province

JIA Jing-min;WANG Xiao-jing;CHEN Yi-xin;YANG Xiao-fen;GAO Peng-fei;GUO Xiao-hong;LI Bu-gao;CAO Guo-qing

2011, 38(3): 77-79.

Abstract ( 1167 )

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A total of 482 pigs from Landrace, Large White, Duroc, Shanxi White, Shanxi Black, and Mashen were used to detect the Hal gene by PCR-RFLP. The results showed that all individuals from Shanxi Black and Mashen were negative with the genotype of NN. There were two types of pigs, NN and Nn, in the breeds of Landrace, Large White, Duroc and Shanxi White. The allele frequencies for Haln in Landrace, Large White, Duroc and Shanxi White were 4.1%, 1.8%, 1.4%, and 1.7%, respectively. The molecular test for Hal gene should be performed to produce the negative Hal gene population in future pig breeding program.

Sperm RNA Extraction from Dairy Cattle

WANG Hui-e;;SUN Xian-ying;GAO Qing-hua;;HAN Chun-mei;SHEN Bo;WU Yan-feng

2011, 38(3): 80-83.

Abstract ( 1334 )

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Isolation of high-quality RNA is important for the study of sperm gene expression. Frozen straw semen from three bulls were purified by swimming up. The laminar analysis column method and Trizol single-step method were combined for RNA extraction from swimming-up bovine frozen-thaw sperm，and non-swimming up sperm as control. Sperm total RNA was analyzed with UV spectrophotometer，RT-PCR and garose gel electrophoresis. Results showed that the bovine sperm swimming-up from frozen straws were not contaminated by somatic cells，and high-quality total RNA was obtained in about 2 h. The value of D260/280 was 1.8，and the ≥200 bp total RNA extracted from bovine sperm yielded 0.92 μg/107sperm.Following RT-PCR，clear bands of SRY，LEP，and RPS23 of sperm cDNA were shown in a garose gel electrophoresis respectively，not a band of 18S rRNA. The purity and integrality of total RNA isolated from the bovine sperm of frozen straw with the method of combined the laminar analysis column with Trizol single-step were significantly satisfactory for the demands of molecular biological experiments.

Detection of Cattle-derived and Sheep-derived Component in Fresh Meat by T-RFLP Method

TIAN Jin-hui;LI Bao-ming;WEI Ting-yuan;ZHOU Zhan-qin;WU hui-juan

2011, 38(3): 84-86.

Abstract ( 1020 )

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To establish the qualitative analysis ways of fast testing the components of fresh sand mutton, taking strong measures against adulterations in the fresh meet. Using the T-RFLP method, the forward PCR primer was labeled with 6-carboxyfluorescein amino hexy(6-FAM) fluorescent dye and reverse PCR primer was labeled with ROX fluorescent dye after digestion by restriction enzyme HinfⅠand BlnⅠ. The restricition fragment were analysed by capillary electrophoresis using an antomated DNA sequencer. We can realize species identification through their different peak. Qualitative species identifying in the fresh beef and mutton were successfully identified by this rapid molecular technique. The PCR products of beef DNA which were digested with Hinf Ⅰ demonstrated 46 and 373 bp, meanwhile 203 and 515 bp for goat DNA which were digested with BlnⅠ.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Promoter Region of Sheep Mannan-binding Lectin Gene

YU Peng;WANG Zun-bao;WU Hong-bin;Ban qian;ZHAO Zong-sheng;

2011, 38(3): 87-91.

Abstract ( 1236 )

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In order to investigate the promoter region activity and transcriptional control mechanism of ovine mannan-binding lectin (MBL) gene, the thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR (TAIL-PCR) technology was adopted in this study. Meanwhile, three specific primers were designed according to the MBL sequence submitted on sheep, and we ultimately got the promoter sequences of the sheep MBL gene.By the bioinformatics analysis, we defined its transcriptional activity region, and found that the promoter of sheep MBL gene didn’t have TATA-box, however, there were several binding sites between PEA3 and Spi-1/PU1 transcription factor, which both belonged to the Ets family and were involved in the formation of transcription initiation complex formation in ovine MBL gene. In addition, the sequence also contained Sp1, GATA-1, TCF/LEF and other binding sites of transcription factors. The clone of promoter region sequence of ovine MBL gene in this study, made a foundation for the latter studies on the promoter region activity and its expression and control mechanisms, even on the methylation of the sheep MBL gene.

Polymorphism in the Partial Mitochondrial nad1 Gene of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei Spargana

ZENG Li-juan;LIU Guo-hua;LIAO Chun-yu;ZENG De-liang;YANG Feng-feng;LIU Wei

2011, 38(3): 92-94.

Abstract ( 1119 )

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To amplify and analyse the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) gene of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei isolates from Hunan province. The partial nad1 (pnad1) was amplified from each Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana sample，and pnad1 sequences were aligned using the ClustalX 1.81. Sequence homology analysis was performed using the Megalign program of the software DNAStar version 5.0. The results showed that the lengths of pnad1 were 570 bp. The results provided a foundation for further studies of molecular identification and molecular genetics of Spirometra erinaceieuropaei spargana.

Screening of Bovine Skeletal Muscle-Specific Promoter

ZHU Dan-dan;GAO Xue-jun;YAN Yun-qin;LIU Xiao-fei;LU Li-min

2011, 38(3): 95-99.

Abstract ( 1278 )

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Three vectors were constructed，which were carrying firefly luciferase，driven by α-actin promoter，myosin light chain (mylpf) promoter and muscle creatine kinase (M-type，ckm) promoter，respectively.The three promoters were all from luxi cattle.The combined pRL-TK and three plasmids were transfected respectively into luxi cattle myoblasts and fibroblasts. After 72 h of transfection，dual luciferase reporter assay system was used to measure the activities of three promoters. We observed that the α-actin promoter provided luciferase reporter gene activity higher than mylpf promoter and ckm promoter in myoblasts and the luciferase reporter gene activities that were provided by the three promoters were similar to pGL3-Basic in fibroblasts，which certified that the three promoters were skeletal muscle-specific.This results provided an experimental basis for gene expression in skeletal muscle and establish the basis for gene efficient and specific expression in skeletal muscle.

Expression and Polyclonal Antibodies Preparation of the Fragment of β7 Subunit of Bovine Integrin

WANG Hai-xia;YANG Zheng-tao;CHEN Yuan-yuan;LIU Wen-bo;ZHANG Wen;ZHANG Nai-sheng

2011, 38(3): 100-103.

Abstract ( 1137 )

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In order to prepare polyclonal antibodies of the fragment of bovine integrin β7 subunit. According to the bovine integrin β7 nucleotide sequence reported in the GenBank，the fragment of β7 subunit was synthetized. Expression vector was constructed by using DNA recombination technology. After being induced by IPTG，the fragment of β7 was expressed in E.coli. The expression product was identified by Western blotting. Results showed that the fragment of β7 with relative molecular mass of 15 ku was expressed successfully in E.coli. The expression product was purified by Ni-NTA resin. Then，the polyclonal antibody was prepared by inoculating rabbits with β7 purified product. The ELISA titer of the polyclonal antibody was approximately 1∶32000. The results of this study lay a foundation for further study of the function of bovine integrin α4β7.

Development of a Real-time Flourescent Quantitative PCR for Detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus Shimen Strain

WANG Wei;ZOU Yue-hong;LI Xue-song;CHEN Xin;LANG Yue-kun;TIAN Hua-bin;FU Fang;LI Xi;LI Ji-lin

2011, 38(3): 104-107.

Abstract ( 1588 )

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In order to be able to fast and accurate diagnosis of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen based on the alignment of genomic sequences of 23 strains of Shimen available in GenBank, one pair of differential primers were designed by DNASIS software.SYBR Green-Ⅰ real-time PCR for detection of classical swine fever virus strain Shimen was established. The sensitivity was 100 copies/μL. The assay is highly specific and showed no cross reactivity against PRRSV, PCV2, PRV, BVDV-1 and C-strain. Inter-assay and intra-assay variables of CV were less than 0.7%. This method was highly sensitive specific and rapid. This assay could provide a powerful tool for quantification of Shimen-strain, and could be further developed into a commercial kit for rapid detection of Shimen-strain.

Generation of Anti-PRV gC Antibodies and Analysis of PRV gC Expression

LIU Qing-wei;;QIU Ya-feng;WANG Xiao-du;GUO Lin;LIU Chao;SHEN Yang;LI Xiang-dong;SHAN Hu;MA Zhi-yong

2011, 38(3): 108-111.

Abstract ( 1277 )

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The purified prokaryotic expression of PRV gC functional domain named His-gCN813 was used as immunogen to generate antibodies，and the PRV gC expressed in eukaryotic cell was analysised. The full length of PRV gC was cloned from PRV genome to construct recombinant plasmids p3xFLAG-gC for eukaryotic expression. The expression of PRV gC in p3xFLAG-gC transfected cells and PRV infected cells were analyzed with the anti-gC antibodies by Western blotting and immunofluorescence assay. The results indicated that the eukaryotic expressed system of PRV gC were constructed，gC specific poly-clonal antibodies were generated，detecting 72 ku gC expressed in p3xFLAG-gC transfected cells and 55，72 and 94 ku gC expressed in PRV infected cells，mainly located in the cytoplasm by immunofluorescence. PRV gC would be a potential molecular indicator of PRV，laid foundation for the future research of PRV replication and interaction between PRV and host.

Biological Characterizations of Scrapie 263K Infected Hamster

LU Yun;ZHAO De-ming;YANG Li-feng

2011, 38(3): 112-115.

Abstract ( 1223 )

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In this study, we intracerebrally (IC) inoculated scrapie 263K infected hamster brain homogenate into the healthy hamsters of Chinese breed, the biological characteristics of 263K prion strain were identified by the clinical symptoms, the pathological, immunohistochemical and Western blotting characteristics. Then the 263K prion hamster animal model was established, which is significant for us to study the prion disease in the future in China.

Establishment and Application of Real-time Fluorogenetic QuantitativeRT-PCR for Detection of Classical Swine Fever Virus

LI Jun;PAN Yan;XUAN Xiong-biao;HU Shuai;MA Chun-xia;XIE Yu-zhou;CHEN Ze-xiang;XU Li-gan;XIE Yong-ping;YANG Wei

2011, 38(3): 116-119.

Abstract ( 1298 )

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To establish a real-time fluorogenetic quantitative RT-PCR assay for detection of classical swine fever virus (CSFV)，the 5′ non-translated region sequences of CSFV in GenBank were aligned and a pair of specific primers was designed from the conserved sequence within 5′ non-translated region. The reactive conditions were optimized to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the assay. The results of reproducibility of this assay were reliable and the intra assay variations were not significant. The specificity test proved that this assay had a high specificity which could not detected PRRSV，PRV and PCV2. The assay also proven to be specific，and the detection limit was up to 2×102 copies. The accuracy of real-time fluorogenetic quantitative RT-PCR was evaluated by testing 15 clinical samples. The results of real-time fluorogenetic quantitative RT-PCR were consistent with results of rabbit-cross reaction test，which suggested that real-time quantitative RT-PCR assay may be used as a powerful tool for repaid detection of CSFV.

Development and Primary Application of Indirect ELISA Antibody Detection Kit for Porcine Circovirus Serotype 2

HU Xiao-hua;LI Gang;SHI Li-jun;ZHANG Kun;JIA Feng-qin

2011, 38(3): 120-123.

Abstract ( 1268 )

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Using the purified Cap recombinant protein as coating antigen of indirect ELISA,detecting kit was developed by the optimal reaction conditions of ELISA. In comparative experiments with commercial ELISA kit for detection of 55 serum samples, the sensitivity, specificity and coincidence rate of the established ELISA method were 95.12%，92.86% and 94.55% respectively. The established ELISA method had no cross-reactivity with the reference sera of other swine viruses (PCV1, CSFV, PRRSV, PPV, PRV). The intra-assay variation coefficient was 2.3% to 4.5%, inter-assay variation coefficient was 1.12% to 2.63% respectively. The ELISA antibody detection kit could be stable at －20 ℃ at least for one year. 66 serum samples of three pig farms from Anhui, Guangdong, Guangxi were detected by detection kit, and the positive rate was 100%, 48.39%, 100% respectively.

Genetic Polymorphisms of the IGFBP-1 Gene and its Relationship with Growth Traits in Jinghai Chicken

ZHAO Xiu-hua;;WANG Jin-yu;;ZHANG Gen-xi;;JIN Chong-fu;;GU Yu-ping;YU Ya-bo;SHI Hui-qiang

2011, 38(3): 124-127.

Abstract ( 1231 )

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Single nucleotide polymorphisms of exon 4 of the chicken IGFBP-1 gene were detected in Jinghai，Arbor Acre，Bian and Youxi chickens by PCR-SSCP. Genetic effects of the IGFBP-1 gene on growth traits of Jinghai chicken were analyzed. Results showed that there were two mutation in the region of exon 4 of IGFBP-1 gene(5550T→C，5692AAT insertion). For primer P3，three genotypes (AA，AB and BB) were detected in Youxi chickens，while the AA and Bian chickens displayed two genotypes (AA and AB)，at the same time one genotype(AA) was detected in Jinghai chickens. For primer P4，three genotypes (CC，CD and DD) were detected in four chicken populations. The least square means analysis showed there were significant difference between hatch weight and genotypes(P＜0.05).

Application of RNA Interference in Animal Breeding

CHEN Juan;YANG Yong-mei;CHEN Yang;JIANG Huai-zhi;YANG Yu-jiang;GONG Jun-ming

2011, 38(3): 128-131.

Abstract ( 1207 )

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon of post-transcript gene silencing induced by double strand RNA and a new mechanism of regulating gene expressing，which widely exists in epiphyte，plants and animals. So far，a number of tests have proved that RNAi as a new method to study gene function has played a very effective role in studying of animal breeding. This study aimed to introduce the discovery of RNA interference，molecular mechanism，role of the characteristics，the significance of biology and wide application of RNAi in animal breeding.

Polymorphisms in Exons of Porcine Erythropoietin Receptor Gene

ZHANG Long-chao;LI Wen;ZHAO Ke-bin;LI Yong;WANG Li-gang;YAN Hua;WANG Li-xian

2011, 38(3): 132-134.

Abstract ( 1138 )

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Polymorphisms were screened in exons of porcine erythropoietin receptor（EPOR） gene by resequencing exons using PCR amplification of a DNA pool from 5 Beijing
Black pigs and 5 Min pigs. 3 SNPs, g.1147C＞G in exon 2, g.1645G＞A in exon 3 and g.4953C＞T in exon 8, were detected. In which, g.1147C＞G in exon 2 causes an amino acid substitution (Leu＞Val) at position 50 (NP_999457), and g.1645G＞A in exon 3 causes an amino acid substitution (Arg＞His) at position 92. The third SNP, g.4953C＞T in exon 8, was a synonymous varibation. Except for g.4953C＞T, Hardy-Weinberg equilibriums were found at g.1147C＞G and g.1645G＞A in 30 Beijing Black pigs.

The Overview of Granulosa Cells Culture in Mammalian Follicular

ANG Yong-mei;CHEN Juan;CHEN Yang;YANG Yu-jiang;GONG Jun-ming;JIANG Huai-zhi

2011, 38(3): 135-138.

Abstract ( 1205 )

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Granulosa cells played an important role in follicular development. At the same time，varieties of reproductive hormones and cytokines affected the proliferation and differentiation of granulosa cells. As an idea cell model for researching animal reproductive physiology，the paper told that granulosa cells in vitro played a role in animal reproductive physiology.

Study on the Relationship between c-jun mRNA Expression in Piglet’s Testis and Serum Testosterone

YAO Yin-zhu;XIAO Rong;WU Qun;ZHENG Zhi-wan;QING Li-juan;XU Mao-sen;ZHENG Xiao-bo

2011, 38(3): 139-142.

Abstract ( 1337 )

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This study was established to explore the relationship between the expression of c-jun mRNA and testosterone secretion by comparing the c-jun mRNA expression in piglet’s testis at different periods and its serum testosterone. 1,3 and 5 weeks old pigs were selected. The concentrations of serum testosterone were detected by Testosterone ELISA Kit and the c-jun mRNA expressions were measured by using real-time PCR with SYBR GreenⅠ. As a result, the level of testosterone was gone up with the age and reached the highest point at 3 weeks old，c-jun expressed in each group, but the three weeks group had the highest expression. Therefore, there may be a dependability relationship between c-jun mRNA expression and testosterone secretion.

The Study on the Affection of the Caffeine and Vitamin E in Chicken Semen Freezing

WANG Shi-yin;ZHANG Wei;XU Yun;ZHANG Zhao-wang

2011, 38(3): 143-145.

Abstract ( 1221 )

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In this study, the affection of the caffeine and vitamin E in chicken semen freezing was compared. The semen dilute was a better one getting in earlier study, and the normal method was used in the freezing and the thawing of chicken semen. The concentration of the caffeine was 0,2,5,8,10 mmol/L respectively in dilute, and the vitamin E was 0,1,8,15,20 mg/mL. The results showed that the sperm vitality and the recovery rate were significantly higher when the 5 mmol/L caffeine and the 15 mg/mL vitamin E were added in dilute.

SNP Detection of Exon 4 of Prolactin Gene and its Associations with Egg-laying and Broodiness Traits in Shiqiza Chicken

LU Yan ;;LI Fu-wei;;CAO Ding-guo;;LEI Qiu-xia;;HAN Hai-xia;;ZHOU Yan;;LI Gui-ming;;HUANG Bao-hua;

2011, 38(3): 146-149.

Abstract ( 1166 )

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Exon 4 of prolactin gene were detected by PCR-SSCP and the DNA fragments were sequenced．The correlation analysis between the polymorphism of the exon 4 and egg-laying and broodiness traits were carried out respectively．The results indicated that there were one polymorphic sites in exon 4 ．A G→A mutation at the position of the 6017 bp was found，which resulted in 3 genotypes(AA，AB and BB)，but the mutation did not lead to changes in amino acid. The frequencies of genotype AA and allele A were the highest．The least square analysis showed that the first broodiness day and age at 1st egg of BB type chickens was later than AA and AB types chickens，The locus of variation showed a definite trend in the age at 1st egg and the first broodiness day.

Advance of Researches on the Procedure and Molecular Mechanism of implantation in the Mare

DENG Liang;ZHANG Xiang;HAN Guo-cai;

2011, 38(3): 150-154.

Abstract ( 1098 )

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Implantation is a procedure that establishes links of tissues and physiology gradually between activated blastocyst trophoblast and receivable endometrial epithelial cells. In equids， the procedure involves two distinct types of trophoblast: a minor invasive trophoblast girdle (endometrial cups) and a major non-invasive allantochorion (microcotyledonary epitheliochorial placenta). Therefore, equine is a kind of mammals that provide the opportunity to do research about both invasive and non-invasive trophoblast tissue together. A lot of molecules are involved in the procedure of implantation. Advance of researches on the characters， procedure and molecular mechanism of implantation in the mare has been reviewed， and it’s useful to reduce the incidence of early pregnancy loss and abortion of mares.

Research of Pig Oocytes in vitro Maturation Time

HUA Zai-dong;ZHENG Xin-min;WEI Qing-xin;XU Hou-qiang;QIAO Xian-feng;LIU Xi-mei;LI Li;XIAO Hong-wei;WANG Ya-gang

2011, 38(3): 155-159.

Abstract ( 1086 )

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The objectives of the present study were first to carry out the cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) divided into levels A, B, C and D according to cumulus cells, which levels A and B were cultured in vitro for 24, 32, 38, 44, 48 and 54 h, and C was cultured in vitro for 24, 32, 38, 44, 48, 54 and 60 h, respectively. Subsequently, the oocytes with extruded polar body at different time intervals were induced by application of an AC pulse of 10 V for 5 s followed by 1.6 kV/cm for 60 μs using an Electro Cell Manipulator 2001. These results showed that the maturation rate of COCs of levels A and B arrived at the highest period was no significant difference (83.2% and 78.0%, P＞0.05) in vitro for 48 h, but both were significantly higher than the same level COCs cultured for 24, 32 and 38 h. Different levels of COCs culture same time in vitro, the maturation rate of levels A and B were not significant (P＞0.05), but both were significantly higher than the levels C. The rate of cleavage (78.2%) in vitro culture for 44 h was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than COCs cultured for 24 to 38 h. In conclusion, COCs of levels A and B were more suitable for oocytes cultured in vitro, obtaining a high maturation rate and cleavage, granule cells had significant influence on oocyte maturation. COCs cultured in vitro before 38 h, some oocytes may be observed the polar body, but the developmental rate to cleavage were extremely lower, indicating that oocytes were no really mature. At the same time，oocytes of the developmental maturation could not judge only by excluding the polar body. Oocytes cultured in vitro 44 to 48 h was the best period of in vitro maturation(IVM) and provide a number of high-quality metaphase-II (MⅡ) oocytes for production of parthenotes and somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) embryos.

Polymorphism of the ESR Gene and its Association with the NBA Trait in Different Parities in Large White

LIU Yuan;;ZHANG Xiao-pei;GAO Cheng-fang;LIN Shi-xin;LIN Bi-fen;LEI Ming-gang;LI Wen-xian

2011, 38(3): 160-162.

Abstract ( 1350 )

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In order to study the genetic effect of the ESR gene in the whole production cycle of Large white，the polymorphism of ESR in 472 sows were detected, the association between 1774 litters record on litter size and genetic effect were analysised. The results showed that the frequency of AA, AB and BB genetypes were 0.206, 0.572 and 0.222, the AB genetype with the highest frequency; the B allele of ESR gene with the frequency 0.507 was higher than A allele with the frequency 0.493. Through analysis of different parities, the AB genotype had much higher number of born alive than AA and BB genotypes at the first parity, the BB genotype had much higher number of born alive than AA and AB genotypes at the second parity, the AB and BB genotypes had much higher number of born alive than AA genotype at the third parity, the AA genotype with the highest number of born alive at the forth to the seventh parities except for the fifth parity，the AB genotype with the highest number of born alive at the rest parities the AA later parities and all of the parities，showing a certain regularity, but with no significance in all of the parities.

Determination of Residues of Thiamphenicol in Chicken Muscle by HPLC with Fluorescence Detection

XIE Kai-zhou;XU Dong;CHEN Shu-qin;XIE Xing;HUANG Yu-ping;JIA Long-fei;GUO Hui-sheng;WANG Jin-yu

2011, 38(3): 163-166.

Abstract ( 1235 )

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A high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection(HPLC-FLD) method was built for determination of residues of thiamphenicol(TAP) in chicken muscle. TAP was extracted with acetone and dichloromethane from chicken muscle. Extract solution was degreased with n-hexane and evaporated with nitrogen evaporator，the mobile phase was acetonitrile-sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution(0.01 mol/L，containing 0.005 mol/L SDS and 0.1% triethylamine)(32∶68)，the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. The fluorescence detection was with an excitation wavelength of 225 nm and an emission wavelength of 290 nm. The data showed that the linear relationship of TAP was nice (r＝0.9991) in 0.01 mg/L to 1.75 mg/L concentration range. At spiked level 5 to 500 μg/kg for TAP，the average recovery ranged from 79.49% to 89.71%，relative standard deviation(RSD) ranged from 4.96% to 9.61%，the within-day RSD ranged from 5.68% to 7.47%，the between day RSD ranged from 8.89% to 11.32%. The lowest detection limit of TAP was 1.5 μg/kg(S/N＝3) and the lowest quantitative limit of TAP was 5 μg/kg (S/N＝10). This HPLC-FLD method is simple，rapid，high sensitivity and suitable for high sensitivity determination of TAP in chicken muscle.

Prevalence and Resistance Analysis of Staphylococcus Aureus in Clinical Healthy Goats

WANG Yi-zhi;WANG Yong;HAN Xiao;YUE Hua;TANG Cheng

2011, 38(3): 167-169.

Abstract ( 1294 )

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Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important pathogens that cause several primary infections and food poisoning in both human and animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical healthy goats in Sichuan province. A total of 32 nasal swabs were collected from 4 goat farms in Sichuan province and 11 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and identified, the positive rate was 34.4％. The resistance of the isolates to 11 antibacterial agents was analyzed. The result suggested that the resistance rate of isolates to Ampicillin was 72.7％ while all strains were sensitive for other 10 antibacterial agents, and no Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were detected. This study showed that Staphylococcus aureus were prevalent among healthy goats in Sichuan and the slaughtering process should be standardized and supervised strictly in order to reduce contamination of Staphylococcus aureus in food.

The Role of chTLR4 and its Signaling Pathway in Chicken with LPS-induced Lymphocytes

ZHANG Wei-ping;GUO Wei-xiao;LIU Hai-yun;ZHANG Xue-hui;YANG Zhen-guo

2011, 38(3): 170-172.

Abstract ( 1107 )

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Toll-like receptor 4 is the transmembrane receptor of lipopolysaccharides（LPS），it mediates a variety of injury response induced by LPS. The experiments on chicken lymphocytes induced by LPS with 6，12，24，48 h，to show IL-1β，NF-κB levels，as in-depth study of intracellular TLR4-mediated LPS signaling basis. The results showed that LPS induced cells，IL-1β，NF-κB content increased，both reached the maximum at 24 h，and then began to decreased. The groups in 12，24 h were significantly higher than the control groups (P<0.05)，the groups in 6，48 h groups were not significantly higher than the control groups(P>0.05).

Safety Evaluation of Shengji Powder in China Veterinary Pharmacopoeia

ZHANG Chang-shuai;FU Ben-dong;SHEN Hai-qing;WU Shuai-cheng;XIE Shan-shan;MENG Qing-da;WEI Xu-bin

2011, 38(3): 173-175.

Abstract ( 1160 )

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In order to evaluate the clinical safety, Shengji powder was daubed on the back of Guinea pig to observe the irritant action by single test and continuous 7 d test. The subchronic toxicity was observed though being daubed on the back of wistar rats for continuous 4 weeks. The results showed that Shengji powder had a little irritant action and no subchronic toxicity. Therefore, it can be used extensively in clinic.

Survey on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Jiaxian Red Cattle，Henan Province

ZHAO Jin-feng;QI Meng;DONG Hai-ju;LI Kui;NING Chang-shen

2011, 38(3): 176-177.

Abstract ( 1236 )

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To understand the infection status of intestinal parasites in Jiaxian Red cattle，Henan province，a total of 218 fresh fecal samples from farms or backyard farmers were collected and were examined the presence of oocysts or eggs using the Lugol’s iodine stain，the Sheather’s sugar flotation，and the modified acid-fast stain methods. The overall infection rate of parasites was 66.5%. Four intestinal parasites were detected，the infection rates of Coccidium spp.，Strongylus spp.，Trichuris spp. and Moniezia spp. were 61.5%，2.3%，6.9%， 7.8%，respectively. The mixed infection rate was 11.5%. The ifection intensity of eggs or oocysts in feces was mainly mild. Our findings indicated the infection of intestinal parasites was very common，thus，necessary measures of prevention and curation are needed to strengthen.

Full Length Analysis of NDV Epidemic Strain GX-08 and its Pathogenicity Experiment to Duck

WANG Jun-feng;CAI Li-li;WU Zhi-xin;GONG Zhong-gui;HUANG Xing-guo;CAO Wei-sheng;HUANG Shu-jian

2011, 38(3): 178-182.

Abstract ( 1213 )

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Newcastle disease virus strain GX-08，isolated from the invasive immunized chicken flocks in Guangxi province in 2008，was velogenic according to the pathogenetic tests and highly pathogenicity to duck. According to the sequences of NDV strains published in GenBank，ten pairs of primers were designed and complete genome cDNA of the isolate was successfully amplified by PT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the genome length of GX-08 strain was 15192 nt which contained six ORFs，encoding 6 proteins of NP，P，M，F，HN and L，respectively. The cleavage motif 112R-R-Q-K-R-F117 of F protein was identical to the characteristic of velogenic strain. The evolution analysis of the 47 to 420 nt sequence including the cleavage site of F gene indicated that GX-08 strain belonged to genotype Ⅶ.

Antiviral effect of Flos Lonicerae japonica and Flos lonicerae flavonoids ingredients to PRV in vitro

WANG Lin-qing;;CUI Bao-an;;ZHANG Hong-ying;

2011, 38(3): 183-187.

Abstract ( 1174 )

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Extracted flavonoids ingredients from traditional Chinese herbs Flos Lonicerae japonicae.and Flos Lonicerae, respectively, which were planted in Hunan province of China. Investigated antiviral effects of the flavonoids extracts by observing cytopathic effect (CPE) in Vero cell, and detected the cell survival rate by MTT method. The results showed that in a safe concentration range of security, the flavonoids extracts had obvious interdiction, inhibition and neutralization effects to Vero cell. There were no obvious differences between Flos Lonicerae japonicae.and Flos Lonicerae, except Flos Lonicerae having more powerful inhibition effect in viro.

Drug Resistance of Salmonella Strains Isolated from Animal Food in Sichuan

ZHOU Jia;LIU Shu-liang;HOU Xiao-gang;JU Hua

2011, 38(3): 188-191.

Abstract ( 1153 )

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Recently the drug resistance of pathogens in food has arisen attention. To analyze the drug resistance of Salmonella spp. in animal food in Sichuan，76 strains isolated from animal food in Sichuan were tested against 25 antibiotics using broth micro-dilution method. Among 76 Salmonella strains，96.05%，78.95%，64.47%，60.53%，60.53%，56.58%，53.95% and 52.63% were resistant to Rifampin， Polymyxin E， Sulfisoxazole， Cephazolin， Ampicillin， Amoxicillin-Clavulanic， Trimethoprim and Doxycycline， respectively, and displayed different resistance rates to the rest drugs. There was a total of 66 kinds of resistance spectrum and the rate of multi-drug resistance was 97.37%(74/76). The whole strains demonstrated multi-drug resistance mainly to Penicillins， Cephazolin， Streptomycin，Tetracyclines， Sulphonamides and Polymyxin E. The drug resistance of Salmonella spp. from foods of animal origin in Sichuan was comparatively serious，so we must monitor it continuously and pay more attention to it.

Isolation and Identification on Infectious Bronchitis Virus

HAN Yun;LI Hong-tao;JIANG Li;ZHENG De-fu

2011, 38(3): 192-194.

Abstract ( 1008 )

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Infectious bronchitis is an acute, highly contagious disease. It is a serious disease hazard one of China’s poultry industry. In this study, clinical situation, anatomy symptoms, the virus interference test, the characteristic small lesions chicken, chicken recurrent infection and RT-PCR tests confirmed the virus was isolated from infectious bronchitis virus.

The Research Advance on Virulence Factors and Regulation Mechanism of Listeria

LANG Xu-long;WANG Xing-long

2011, 38(3): 195-198.

Abstract ( 1248 )

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Listeria is an important zoonosis pathogens，and the pathogenicity are closely related with its virulence factors. In this paper，the virulence genes and regulatory mechanisms of Listeria are mainly reviewed.

Eestablishment of Model that Virulent Brucella melitensi strain 16M Infect Mouse Macrophages

SUN Chun-hui;;LANG Xu-long;YANG Yan-ling;;WANG Xiu-ran;;LI Xiao-yan;BU Zhao-yang;WANG Xing-long;

2011, 38(3): 199-203.

Abstract ( 1126 )

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Macrophage was the strongest anti-body cells of phagocytosis，while，Brucella could multiply in the cell and could not be killed. Therefor，we established the infection model，for continuous research Brucella and it’s the host cell，and the interaction of baceria cell and host cell surface-associated membrane protein，discovering the intracellular interaction mechanism for next step. Infection of mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 with Brucella melitensi virulent strain 16M were performed 4 h at a cell/bacteria ratio of 1∶500. Brucella-infected marophages were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay and transmission electron microscopy assay. The optimal concentration ratio of primary antibody and secondary antibody in indirect immunofluorescence assay were 1∶80 and 1∶80，and the membrane depression and the endocytosis bodies were observed by transmission electron microscope. Expriment reduced the environmental factors of the infection process, optimized concentration ratio of primary and secondary antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assay，established infection model.

Diagnosis in Lab and Treatment of One Case of Canine Pyometra

LI Ji-zong;WEN Ming;;MA Zhe;YANG Tong-ling;WANG Kai-gong;;ZHOU Bi-jun;

2011, 38(3): 204-206.

Abstract ( 1094 )

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Canine pyometra is a disease which caused by pus product in uterine cavity and abnormal endometrium secondary infection by pathogens. Genital dirty, breeding, postnatal infection or stillbirth, dystocia midwifery infection can cause disease. One case of dog, therapia in animal hospital of Guizhou University, confirmed the disease of pyometra with clinical examination and laboratory examination, surgery was taken and successful; isolation and identification of pathogen and drug sensitivity tests. The results showed that the pathogen was Escherichia, and the highest sensitive drug were Cephalothin, Cephalothin, Kanamycin, Gentamycin. These investigations provided an important reference data for diagnosis, prevention and early drug choices for this disease.

The Etiology and Integrated Control of Cow Endometritis

LIANG Shu-wen

2011, 38(3): 207-210.

Abstract ( 989 )

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Cow endometritis is a common disease which affects the cow production effectiveness. This article elaborates pathogenic microorganisms and the common factors which cause cow endometritis, types, diagnostic characteristic, treatment methods and prevention measures of cow endometritis, aiming at providing a reference to people who breed cows.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Ascariasis Outbreak in a Pigeon Farm

YAO Hui-xia;QI Meng;SHI Ya-dong;JIAN Fu-chun

2011, 38(3): 211-212.

Abstract ( 1177 )

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A pigeon group emerged to the sudden death (2.5% of mortality) in a pigeon farm. Clinical anatomy showed large of Ascarids parasiting in the gastrointestinal. Two hundred and twenty-six fecal samples were examined using the Sheather’s sucrose flotation method. Four species of worms were detected, including Ascarid (39.8%), Angiostrongylus (2.7%), tapeworm (2.7%), and Capillaria (2.2%). Among which, Ascarid mainly infected adult pigeon and the infectious intensity was high. Thus, ascariasis was confirmed in this farm. Then, targeted therapies were used to the pigeon group. After treatment, no pigeon die again, and the infection rate decreased to 19.8%, it was lower than before. Moreover, Angiostrongylus and tapeworm were not detected. The result showed that treatment effect was well, the intestinal parasites was released in this pigeon farm.

Quality Valuation of the Different Sites of Simmental Cattle

NIU Lei;;ZHANG Zhi-sheng;LI Hai-peng;SUN Bao-zhong

2011, 38(3): 217-219.

Abstract ( 1028 )

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The longissmus doris，semitendinous muscle，psoas major muscle and semitendinosus of Simmemtal male calf was chosen and analyzed about myoglobin，shear force，pH，color，protein ，fat，water holding capacity，tenderness，juiciness and flavor. The results indicated that psoas major muscle was the best and semitendinosus was the worst by considering the data of both physical，nutrition and photographic assessment. The differences of water holding capacity and redness was not remarkable（P＞0.05），and the differences of others were remarkable（P＜0.05）.It was more advisability by combining photographic assessment and objective indicators.

The Replication of PCV2 and its Influencing Factors

WANG Xian-wen;YAO Si-xin;LIU Xing-you;LIU Li-yan;HANG Bai-lin

2011, 38(3): 220-223.

Abstract ( 1054 )

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The replication of PCV2 was rolling-circle replication, the replication proteins Rep and Rep′ of porcine circovirus type 2 were essential for viral replication in transfected cells, the key sequence A*TA*TAC was the essential binding site for Rep an Rep′. The influencing factors included interior factors such as CpG motifs and interferon-stimulated response element in viral gene, attachment receptors (heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate B glycosaminoglycans), viral internalization (small GTPases and actin); and exterior factors such as dl-selenomethionine and ConA. The strategy for controlling PCV2 included all-around nutrition, RNA interference and useage of accines.

Schistosoma japonicum Non-fork-type Cercaria Infect Animal Test

XIE Yin-jie;;WU Ding-yu;YANG Jian-fa;SUN Shao-mei;SUN Xiu-tao;DUAN Gang;ZOU Feng-cai

2011, 38(3): 226-227.

Abstract ( 1049 )

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The Oncomelania hupensis were collected from Weishan and Eryuan of Yunnan province, and all the snails were crushed on the slides, the non-fork-type cercarias of Schistosoma japonicum were discovered by microscopic examination from Weishan, and the fork-type cercarias were found from Eryuan’ snails. The rabbits were divided into two groups, and artificially infected with the two regions cercarias（400 to 850 per rabbit）via skin, respectively, and the rabbits were dissected to collect adult 〖JP2〗worms after 50 to 55 days. Schistosoma japonicum adults were successfully collected from the two groups, therefore these non-fork-type cercarias can infect animals, and the results provides a valuable supplement for the life cycle of Schistosoma japonicum.

Research Progress in Influence Mechanism of High Temperature Effect on Swine’s Feed Intake and Application

TIAN Zong-xiang;ZHANG Ling-qing

2011, 38(3): 228-230.

Abstract ( 902 )

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The feed intake play a very important rule in ensuring production performance of swine. The temperature has a large influence on the feed intake. Thermal constant mechanism is the main form of adjusting swin’s feed intake. The feed intake is apparently effected by environmental temperature through changing the heat exchange between swine and environment. Research progress in adjusting mechanism of the temperature on food intake and the impact of temperature effect on Swine’s feed intake is described in this paper.

The Path and Mode of High-grade Cattle Local Groups Breeding in Zhangye City

LU Feng-jun;PENG Tao;SONG Jian-hong;LU Feng-lin

2011, 38(3): 231-234.

Abstract ( 882 )

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Basing on the consultation about related documents, the interviewing with related experts, and the in-person investigation, this dissertation applied such methods as system analysis, strategic management and so on, deeply analysed the industry base, demand,environment of high-grade cattle groups breeding in Zhangye city, and puted forward the path and mode of high-grade cattle local core groups, propagate groups and merchandise groups breeding, establishes the guarantee measures in order to build committee, service net, reasonable operation mode.

Survey of Dairy Production and Vevelopment Situation in Luoyang Area

WANG Jian-ping;LEI Hai-wei;LI Yuan-xiao

2011, 38(3): 235-237.

Abstract ( 857 )

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To promote dairy production and development healthily and rapidly in Luoyang area,the situation of dairy production and development was investigated.The key problems to restrict dairy production and development in Luoyang area are low milk yield, backward production and management technology, small scale and poor market development. It should change concept, to integrate the dairy production resou

The Composition of Cockfighting Immune System and the Management Measures with Bio-security System

QIN Qiao-mei;ZHANG Qing-feng

2011, 38(3): 238-240.

Abstract ( 923 )

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Cockfighting has many unique and excellent traits.With the development of the cockfighting breeding and exploitation,scientific feeding and management is more important for cockfighting industry.In order to further develop the valuable resource,from preventing the disease to improving the immune response.The article describes the composition of the immune system and defense mechanism for poultry,and makes a suggestion for the feeding pattern with bio-security system of cockfighting.

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