It is a common road to improve milk quality and safety through risk factor analysis in different countries. The main risk factors in milk were studied by Milk Risk Assessment Laboratory (Beijing) of Ministry of Agriculture of China, which include mycotoxin contamination, residues of veterinary drugs, pesticides, and hormones et al. The series of the research results will be reported and expected to assist the development of the system of milk risk factor analysis, early warning and removal in China.

To analyze the characteristics and function,we cloned the complete 1284 bp CDS of the sulfide quinone reductase (SQR) gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus DSM1710. Then the prokaryotic expression vector pRSETA-SQR for the SQR gene was successfully constructed. Expression of pRSETA-SQR fusion protein with a molecular mass of approximately 50 ku in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) induced by IPTG was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The SDS-PAGE result indicated that with the induction of 0.4 mmol/L IPTG for 6 h at 37 ℃,the fusion protein of the SQR was expressed well. The fusion protein was expressed as inclusion body. The purification and renaturation results showed that the SQR recombinant protein had the bioactivity and could digest the substrate decylubiquinone (decyl-UQ). The enzyme activity was measured with Km value of about four.

sM, M, S gene of PEDV vaccine stain were implified by amplified by RT-PCR and reorganization PCR, then inserted into the pShuttle-CMV vector. These recombinant shuttle plasmids were linearized by PmeⅠand then transformed to BJ5183 cells containing the pAdEasy-1 bone plasmid. The homologous recombinantplasmidwas transformed to XL-10 Gold ultracompetent cells in order to obtain this plasmid in a large scale. These recombinant adenoviruses were co-infected Vero cells, mice immune experiment indicated that antibodies were induced by Western blotting.

In this study, the Real-time PCR method was used to detect the expression changes of the IGF-Ⅰ, IGF-Ⅱ, IGF-ⅠR and IGFBP-3 gene of Min pig in skeletal muscle before and after cold-induced. The results showed that, IGF-Ⅰ gene expression levels were significantly raised (P＜0.01), IGF-Ⅱ and IGF-ⅠR were significantly lower (P＜0.01), whereas IGFBP-3 was no significant changed before and after cold induction (P＞0.05).

In order to clone,express and identify myeloid differentiation-2 of Holstein dairy cow,total RNA was isolated from Chinese Holstein dairy cow,RT-PCR was used to amplify MD-2 cDNA. The PCR products were and cloned into pMD20-T vector and the recombinant plasmid was confirmed by PCR,endonuclease digestion. MD-2 was cloned into pET28a vector to construct the pET28a-MD-2,protein expression was induced by IPTG and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The results showed that the MD-2 gene contain a 483 bp ORF encoding 161 amino acids; His-MD-2 fusion protein was expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) with molecular weight of 25 ku after induced by IPTG.

To survey the indigenous flies to carry porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in the porcine farm, in 2010, the indigenous flies in the Guizhou porcine farm were collected to detect the pathogeny of PRRSV by RT-PCR. The positive indigenous flies were chosen to isolate and cultivate the virus by inoculating in the cells of Marc-145, and the genes of the isolated PRRSV were cloned and analysed by testing the sequences. The findings indicate that the length of the PRRSV N gene fragments in the flies is 377 bp and the cytopathic effects appear in the cells of Marc-145. The cells were inoculated by the PRRSV. The length of the PRRSV Nsp2 gene fragments in the cells is 1064 bp. By analyzing the consequences of the sequences of the PCR products that were cloned, the findings indicate that the fragment of PRRSV Nsp2 gene in the cells that inoculated by the virus of PRRS and in the swine of Guizhou province are similar and the rate of the similarity is 97.1%—98.5%. So the initial inference is that the indigenous flies may be the carriers of PRRSV.

To establish a PCR detection method of Theileria equi, the 18S rRNA gene recently discovered was shown to be species-specific. A pair of primers was designed to specifically amplify a 531 bp fragment. And the T.equi, T.equi and B.caballi mixture, B.caballi, T.uilenbergi, T.sinensis, T.annulata, T.ovis, T.luwenshun, T.sergenti are tested by PCR. While T.equi genome templates were amplified that different concentrations diluted in order to determine the sensitivity of the experiment. 45 equine blood samples were detected by the PCR and microscopic. The PCR result of specificity assay showed that one references T.equi and mixed with B.caballi could be detected by the PCR test, but no amplification was observed when other 7 bacterial species B.caballi, T.uilenbergi, T.sinensis, T.annulata, T.ovis, T.luwenshuni, T.sergenti tissue were detected. And the sensitivity result showed that the minimum dose of T.equi that could be detected by PCR assay was 10^-13, 45 clinical samples, from horses farm in China, doubtedly infected with T.equi were tested by PCR. Relevance ratio of T.equi was 17.78% (8/45) by PCR and microscopic examination found that only 8.89% (4/45). Between the coincidence rate was 100%. This research established T.equi PCR detection method is definitely a good detection method.

The resolution of 2-DE map is highly altered due to different experimental conditions, a 2-DE map with high resolution can be obtained via the optimization of key experimental conditions for a definite proteome sample. To establish an effective separation system of 2-DE for the proteome of bovine mammary epithelial cell nucleus, 2-DE method was researched on the standard experimental condition with an optimization for each important experimental parameter. The numbers of protein spots, resolution and contaminating strands in 2-DE maps were determined. A 2-DE separation system for proteome of bovine mammary epithelial cell nucleus proteins was successfully established.

Primers and probes were designed based on the conservative sequence of cytochondriome cytochrome b, a real-time quan quantitative RT-PCR assay was developed for indentification of Panthera tigris. The recombinant plasmid containing the target sequence was constructed to detect the sensitivity and prepare the standard curve. The real-time RT-PCR assay had a detection limit of 50 copies/μL, and with a dynamic range of detection between 5×10⁵ to 5×10¹ copies /μL. The primers and probe were specific for Panthera tigris' DNA and did not react with other non- Panthera tigris' DNA. This real-time RT-PCR assay with high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy is considered to be a powerful tool for the rapid indentification and quantification of Panthera tigris.

The prion protein was encoded by the prion protein (PRNP) gene which was the major gene for affecting mad cow disease or BSE. In the present study,the PCR method was used to amplify the PRNP gene from the hybrids between Gayal (Bos frontalis) and Yunnan Yellow cattle (Bos taurus). The sequence was deposited in the GenBank under accession number HQ875337. The PCR products were sequenced bi-directly. By sequence analysis,the length of open read frame (ORF) of the PRNP gene was 795 bp,which encodes a protein of 264 amino acids,including a signal region,a octapeptide repeat,three α-helices,two β-sheets,a hydrophobic region,a disulfide bridge, a glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol (GPI) anchor site. The homology of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences with other cattle was more than 97%. All this will provide the molecular basal data for breakthrough of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy among different animal species.

BALB/c mice inoculated with Leishmania tarentolae parasites which express fluorescent protein by intraperitoneal routes. Frozen sections of their organs were stained with fluorescent dye and observed by fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that Leishmania tarentolae were observed in heart,liver,spleen,lung and kidney of BALB/c mice. In addition,Leishmania real-time quantitative PCR method was established successfully and used to detect Leishmania tarentolae in BALB/c mice. These results indicated that the proliferation curve of Leishmania tarentolae in BALB/c mice was wavy in 13 days. The results for the study of Leishmania tarentolae will provide the theoretical basis for pathogenesis,vaccine development in humans and animals.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) is a novel nucleic acid amplification method. Since its development,the LAMP assay has been improved and adopted widely for the detection of pathogenic microorganism. And these were reviewed in this study.

In recently years,molecular biology techniques,based on the intergenic spacer region between 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA,has developed some new approaches to study the bacterial diversity. This technique which doesn't depend on traditional ways expands related analysis methods and provides reliable theoretical basis. This study reviewed the sequence features,applications and development prospects of 16S to 23S rRNA intergenic spacer region.

To detect the integration of human transferrin gene(hTF) on chromosomes in transgenic cloned cows,the author optimized fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH). For transgenic cloned cows,53.1% to 86.8% of metaphases showed hybridization signals which were located on different chromosomes,such as Chr.11, Chr.15 and Chr.19. The results showed that using FISH to detect the integration site and hybridization signals was highly efficient and specific,also the copy numbers were detected by Real-time PCR.

Unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) can not only improve the dairy feed energy concentration,to improve the negative energy balance,but also to regulate fat composition to produce more beneficial-functional ingredients (such as conjugated linoleic acid and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). This paper reviewed the nutritional characteristics of UFA,UFA sources,and the researches of UFA in dairy cows,providing a theoretical basis for further regulation of milk fatty acids.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of Bacillus Subtilis on growth performance and nutrient metabolic rate in broilers.sixty seven-week yellow broilers were randomly assigned to five treaments with four replicate and three broilers with each pen. The groups received the same basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 g/kg praeparatum of Bacillus subtilis, respectively. The feeding trial lasted thirty days. The results showed that compared to the control, the average daily gain in group Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ increased significantly by 49.03% (P <0.05), 46.39% (P <0.05) and 37.04% (P <0.05); the metabolic rate of crude protein of test group were significantly increased (P <0.01), calcium, phosphorus absorption and utilization rate of Ⅲ group were significantly increased (P <0.01). Therefore, the appropriate levels of Bacillus Subtilis for yellow broiler are 0.15 g/kg.

Electrolyzed water is a new type disinfectant agent which has been recognized as instantaneous, universally applicable, effective, cheapness, safe, without chemical residues and no pollutions. Based on the electrolysis form and degrees, it can be divided into five types, and every types used in different areas. It was widely used in food processing industry. In recent years, researchers start to use it in the disinfection of livestock production, and achieved sound effects. Use alkaline water as the animal drinking water can promote animal health. This article has discussed the electrolyzed water's formation mechanism, physicochemical properties, and its mechanism of function. The prospect of the electrolyzed water applied in livestock production is also reviewed.

This study was aimed to determine the effects of Bacillus subtilis probiotics on Cherry valley ducks growth performance by testing the gain of weigh and feed to gain ratio, which provide theory and technology support for using Bacillus subtilis probiotics wisely.

Solid-state fermentation resulted in improved nutritional value of soybean meal. Soybean meal is the most commonly used protein source in the animal feed industry. However, use of soybean meal is mostly limited to adult animals because of inefficient digestibility of soy proteins by young animals. And fermented soybean meal would have valuable functional benefits available for animals. The paper reviewed the recent research on evaluating the value of fermented soybean meal and its application in animal feeding.

One strain Aeromonas veronii from Liobagrus marginatus Günther,named LA201001,were isolated from tissues of diseased and dying Liobagrus marginatus Günther,and identified based on the bacterial culture,bacteria morphological observation,physiological and biochemistry reaction,sequencing and analysis of 16S rDNA,and animal infected tests. Then the drug susceptibility test using 30 kinds of drugs were performed with Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The results showed the isolates LA201001 had pathogenicity to mice and Liobagrus marginatus Günther,and exhibited multiple resistance to drugs tested,which were resistant to 21 kinds of drugs including Doxycycline,Tetracycline,Augmentin,Ampicilllin,ephalexin,Cephalothin,anamycin,etc.,only sensitive to Gentamicin,Amikacin,Norfloxacin,Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin.

In order to understand the blood biochemistry parameters of Chinese indigenous pig breeds, twenty-four blood biochemistry parameters of three Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Tongcheng, Luchuan and Ningxiang pigs), were tested with the automatic biochemical analytic instrument. The results showed that six parameters were highly significant difference(P<0.01)among the three breeds, four parameters were no significant difference between Tongcheng and Ningxiang pig breeds, and three parameters were no significant difference between Luchuan and Ningxiang pig breeds. Throughout the comparison among the three pig breeds and between them and the human reference value, Chinese miniature pig, other domestic pig and exotic Landrace and Yorkshire pig. These results could provide scientific basis for the conservation and utilization of those breeds.

Apoptosis plays an important role in physiological functions in organisms. It's an essential way to get rid of damaged,senescent,potentially harmful cells in organisms. Silent information regulator 2 homolog 1(SIRT1) is a member of the mammalian sirtuins,which is widly researched as an important regulatory factor ever since discoveried. Recent studies indicate that SIRT1 targets a wide range of transcriptional regulators including protein 53 (p53),forkhead box class O (FOXO) proteins and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB),which suggests SIRT1 may has capital effects in apoptosis. This review introduced the molecular biology feature of SIRT1,expression regulation and the relationship between SIRT1 and apoptosis.

β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA) is an important component of ketone bodies in blood. BHBA is utilized as an energy source by the brain particularly in suckling newborns and under starving conditions. Speculate as further signal material adjust energy central and as a biological oxidation substrate adjust feeding. Because BHBA has nerve protective effect, it may be an effective way of treatment of neuron degenerative disease. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize the known central effects of BHBA and to point out the possible cellular pathways triggered in response to BHBA.

The polymorphisms on complete exon 3 and partial of 3'UTR were detected in 296 Datong yaks with PCR-SSCP and association between the polymorphisms and growth traits were analyzed. There was one polymorphism site in 3'UTR,which was C→T in 1976 bp,three genotypes were caused by this mutation. The association between different genotypes of this site and yak growth traits including body height, heart girth, cannon circumference, body slanting length, body weight were analyzed by least square analysis. The results showed that yaks with CC genotype had significantly higher heart girth and body weight than individuals with CT or TT genotypes (P＜0.05). Yaks with CC and CT genotypes had significantly higher body slanting length than individuals with TT genotype (P＜0.05),there were no significant difference among three genotypes on body height and cannon circumference.

Sequencing and PCR-RFLP were applied to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in intron 2 of leptin gene in 85 Hu sheeps. Two SNPs of A99G and C150T were found. The dominant genotypes in the two loci were both wild genotype,genotype frequencies were 0.7882 and 0.8000, respectively. Mutation genotype was not found in the both loci. Chi-square test showed that the population was at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium(P＞0.05). Association analysis between the SNPs and body weight traits showed that the genotypes on the two loci had no significant influence on birth weight, 3-month weight and 6-month weight (P＞0.05).

In this study, 18S rDNA gene was extracted from wild Nyctereutes procyonoides matschie's meat of ear, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, then cloned and sequenced. A lengh of 1831 bp was cloned, the sequences had been sent to GenBank and registered, comparison of the sequence with that of other animals 18S rDNA gene was carried out through BLAST. The results showed that the homologies of the nucleotide sequence were above 90% with Nyctereutes procyonoides matschie, and 18S rDNA gene was conserved in evolution, which could be used as phylogenetic analysis of the important reference.

In order to analysis the relationship between growth differentiate factor 11 (GDF11) and the traits of more vertebras of Mongolian sheep, the gene promoter region was cloned firstly and analysised by the bioinformatics software. The results showed that the GDF11 gene promoter region length was 512 bp and bases proportion were A 10.55%, G 16.80%, T 31.84%, C 40.82%, the proportion of G+C was 57.62%. The results of bioinformatics analysis showed no CpG island and TATA box or CAAT box found in the Mongolian sheep GDF11 gene promoter region, but existed one transcription initiation site, 5 transcription factors: HSF2, HSF2, GATA-1, AML-1a, MZF1, and 5 motifs: EGF_1, CTCK_1, ANAPHYLATOXIN_1, VWFC_1, DEFENSIN. The research provided theoretical basis for the Mongolian sheep vertebra regulation mechanism by GDF11 gene.

Canine ovaries collected from slaughterhouse were used, the effects of the different reproductive stage (follicular stage, corpus luteum stage and anestrus stage ) on IVM of canine oocytes were studied. The results showed that the number of A level COCs from follicular stage was 22.67±11.02, significant higher than other groups (P＜0.05). After culture for 48 h, the percentage of oocytes developmented to MⅠ-MⅡ at various stages were 19.2%±15.3%, 26.8%±21.1%, 9.8%±10.4%, there was no significant difference between follicular stage and corpus luteum stage(P＞0.05), but both were significantly higher than anestrus stage (P＜0.05). After culture for 72 h, the percentage of oocytes developmented to MⅠ-MⅡ at various stages were 25.2%±13.5%, 6.6%±6.7% and 9.2%±5.5%, follicular stage significantly higher than other groups(P＜0.05). It was found that different reproductive cycle stages of canine ovaries oocytes had certain influence on IVM, but also related with the culture time.

Recently, the reproduction capacity of goose is so weak ,on the average, one year has usually 20 to 40 eggs for the most goose species, that seriously hinder the development of its industrilization development. The incubation behavior is the main problem which cause low reproductive performance of goose. Many results showed that the onset and maintain of avain incubation behavior are regulated by genetic factor, environment and endocrine. However, poultry broodiness is controlled by a series of hormone. Furthermore, prolactin(PRL) is an important reproductive hormone, high PRL level is known to induce and maintain incubation behavior in turkey hens. Vosactive intestinal peptide (VIP),PRL releasing factor(PRL),not only can tonically stimulate pituitary cell to secrete PRL, but also plays a pivotal role in the control of PRL secretion modulated via 5-HT and dopamine(DA). Therefore, VIP plays an important role in the regulation of avain broodiness endocrine.

Approximately 90% of malignant ovarian cancers are epithelial and thought to arise from a single cell layer called ovarian surface epithelium (OSE). Methods to culture OSE have become available only recently,because there were no appropriate animal models. The objective of this article is to review biological characterization and in vitro culture of ovarian surface epithelium cells and variation in OSE characterization among species.

Bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) is a newly discovered autosomal recessive genetic disease in recent years caused by A→G mutation in the CD18 gene. The disease is characterized by greatly reduced expression of the hetero dimeric β2 integrin adhesion molecules on leukocytes resulting in multiple defects in leukocyte function and significant deficits on performance traits in Holstein cattle. The main features of sick cattle is immunity reduction,susceptibility to diseases and affecting production performance. This review focus on the progress of test methods of BLAD.

To investigate effects of ALV-J infection on production performance and immune responses in Wuhua chicken, excellent local breed in Anhui province, the antibody-positive and antibody-negative chickens at laying peak were studied in 18 weeks, on the basis of ALV-J serologic survey. The results showed that antibody-positive Wuhua chicken (infected or had been infected) had not significant increase in morbidity and mortality. And the serum antibody level to New Castle disease virus(NDV), H5 and H9 avian influenza virus didn't show obviously drop. However, to a certain extent, the effects on the egg-laying rates and the average egg weight of the chickens were observed. The laying rate and average egg weight of control group were 56% and 0.055 kg, while the positive group were 53.37% and 0.051 kg. Feed-to-egg ratio of the negative and positive groups were 3.49 and 3.92, respectively. Although ALV-J infection in Wuhua chickens didn't cause significant pathogenesis, death, and immune suppression, but the effects on the production performance were obvious. Therefore we should attach great importance to original breeding, and purification and preventive measurements should be carried out early.

The substituent effects on neuraminidase (NA) inhibitory effect of flavonoids have been studied and could be used to provide experimental data for the exploitation of flavonoids as NA inhibitors. An assay method for evaluating the inhibitory activity of compounds on influenza viral NA was established and was used to evaluate the inhibitory effects of four flavone derivatives. Apigenin-7-glucoside and apigenin possessed inhibitory activity on H9N2 influenza viral NAs. Linarin and wogonoside did not possess inhibitory activity on H9N2 influenza viral NAs. The 4'-OH were essential for NA inhibitory effects of flavonoids and the 7-glycosidic bond could increase NA inhibition of flavonoids.

To screen Chinese materia medica for prevention and cure embryo implantation dysfunction, mouse model with embryo implantation dysfunction was established by injected subcutaneously with mifepristone. Complex prescription composed of such Chinese materia medica as Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix astragali, Szechwan lovage rhizome, Radix scutellariae, Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae, Semen cuscutae, Herba taxilli, Radix dipsaci, Radix codonopsis, Radix angelicae sinensis and some of them were evaluated in the model, pregnancy rate (PR), number of embryo implantation, progestin (P₄), estradiol (E₂) and ratio of progestin to estradiol (P₄/E₂) were the main index.The results of the screen test showed that PR was significantly higher in prescription 3 group than that in prescription 1 group, Semen cuscutae group and Radix dipsaci group (P＜0.05), and was higher than those in the prescription 2 group and control group, which indicated that prescription 3 was benefit to embryo implantation in mice. Pharmacodynamic test showed that PR was extreme significantly higher in tocolysis group than those in the control group and high-dose group (P＜0.01), and was significantly higher than that in the low-dose group (P＜0.05). Serum P₄ level and P₄/E₂ were extreme significantly higher in the tocolysis group than those in the high-dose group, low-dose group, control group and health group (P＜0.01), and P₄/E₂ was significantly higher in the tocolysis group than that in middle-dose group (P＜0.05), while E₂ level in serum was significantly lower in the tocolysis group, low-dose group and health group than that in the high-dose group and the control group (P＜0.05). P₄ level in serum was significantly higher in the middle-dose group than that in the control group (P＜0.05). In conclusion, prescription 3 could improve progestin level in serum and the ratio of progestin to estradiol in mice, which were helpful for embryo implantation.

Imidocarb is an animal-specific antiprotozoal drug which has nice therapeutic action and precaution. Its chemicophysical property,antiprotozoal mechanism,pharmacokinetics,toxicity,residues and clinical application are reviewed in this paper. It will provide the comprehensive theoretical basis for its extensive use in clinical application.

In order to complete a duck hepatitis virus (DHV) stain's isolation and sero-genotyping research, the suspected DHV liver from died duckling in Guangdong province was selected as sample, and then was carried on regression analysis, ELD₅₀ determination and duck embryo neutralization test after viral isolation, duck embryo inoculation and purification. The results showed that the serotype of the duck hepatitis virus was typeⅠ. According to RT-PCR detect and sequence analysis, it was also identified as genetype Ⅰ of DHV. Named the isolated virus strain as GD.

Rabies is a zoonotic diseases occured in central nervous system. All warm-blooded animals can be infected. At present, there are no effective medicine to cure rabies, once infected the fatality rate is almost 100%. The genome of rabies virus encode 5 structural proteins. All the structural proteins play an important role in virus life cycle, including pathogenesis, transcription and replication of the virus. The antigenicity and gene sequence of the structural proteins can be used for the virus classification. The functions of the 5 structural proteins were expounded in this paper.

A strain of virus was isolated from the kidney, liver, brain and spleen tissue of dead goose which had similar symptoms to gosling plague on a big goose farm of Jilin Baicheng in the middle of May 2011. The results of contiguous passage of goose embryos, hemagglutination test,agar-gel immunodiffusion test, electron microscope observation, PCR identification and goose recurrent infection suggested that the virus was goose parvovirus virus. And it was named BC1105 strain.

Porcine circle virus has two genotypes, PCV1 and PCV2. Between them,only PCV2 is pathogenic and it can cause a variety of related diseases (PCVAD),such as PMWS.PCV2 mainly attacks the lymphatic cells,and then to cause immune suppression and to induce apoptosis.PCV2 can also infect animals along with other virus,which greatly increases the animal's disease incidence rate and mortality rate. Now we will make a review on molecular character and pathogenesis of PCV2.

The study was carried out to search for the pathogenic factor causing Ornamental carp ulcer disease. A pathogenetic bacterial strain CL0901 was isolated from naturally infected Ornamental carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) in Beijing. The strain was identified according to its physiological and biochemical properties, and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene. The drugs sensitivity was detected with Kirby-Bauer's agar diffusion method. Based on the result of 16S rRNA sequence analysis,the strain CL0901 shares 99.9% sequence identity with the type strain ATTCC 35624T of Aeromonas veronii. Combining with bacteria observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics, the pathogenetic bacterial strain CL0901 was identified as Aeromonas veronii. Drug sensitive tests showed that isolation was sensitive to Neomycin, Piperacillin, Levofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Tazobactam, Pefloxacin, Lomefloxacin and Tobramycin.

To study therapeutic experiment of compound Shenqin on sickness dog of myocarditis parvovirus caused by artifical infection. The dogs were divided into control group,model group, positive control group,compound Shenqin group. Animal model was established with canine parvovirus. And canine parvovirus disease was prevented with compound Shenqin,experimental animals the heart rate and electrocardiogram was determinated by the biological signal acquisition system of ECG technology. Then completion of animal experiments,the animals were killed and the heart was paraffin-embedded,tissue section,microscopic examination. The results showed that after infection the third day,the heart rate and disorder rate of electrocardiogram of dog in model group was increased,serious damage to myocardial;the heart rate of dog in the compound Shenqin group retains normally,the disorder rate of electrocardiogram were significantly lower than dog in the model group,cardiac tissue compared with the control group no significantly difference. After experimental animals infected the fifth day,the death rate of dog in the model group is up to 100 percent. But the control group is not appear to death. The protective rate of compound Shenqin group is up to 80 percent. The protective rate of positive control group is up to 70 percent. The result showed that compound Shenpin can be effective in preventing myocarditis canine parvovirus disease in dog.

Mycoplasma bovis(Mb) is one of the major pathogens which can induce pneumonia, arthritis, mastitis and otitis media in cattle. Diseases caused by Mycoplasma bovis have caused huge economic losses and widely spread in Europe as well as America.It is reported that Mb was first isolated from pneumonia of cattle in 2008 in our country, so at present, due to lack understanding of Mb, this article briefly overview on biological properties and membrane proteins of Mb, with a view to provide a frame of reference for prevention and treatment of diseases caused by Mycoplasma bovis in our country.

Since discovered for eighty years,Newcastle disease has being one of the most important infectious diseases in poultry which has brought incalculable economic loss to the farming industry,so the research on NDV has significance. This paper describes the analysis of Newcastle disease in several immunoassays and molecular biology methods.

Streptococcus agalactiae is one of pathogenic bacterium that inducing mastitis of dairy cow. In order to master the popularity and laid the reference for selection of medicine to treat mastitis, 258 samples were collected from 16 dairy cow farms in Qinghai province, and 137 Streptococcus strains were isolated,including Streptococcus agalactiae 42 strains after sub-culture, gram straining, plasma-coagulase test, CAMP test, biochemical tests and animal pathogenicity tests. The results indicated that Streptococcus agalactiae was the primary pathogenic bacteria of mastitis. All of Streptococcus agalactiaes were hypersensitive to cephradine, and partially resistant to amikacin ofloxacin, ampicillin and sulfanilamide group after K-B medicine sensitivity test.

In this paper, epidemiology of major infectious disease of porcine were investigated from Yunnan partial pig farms which had been used by method of clinic diagnosis, epidemic history inquiry, pathology anatomizing, laboratory diagnosis and consultation during 2009 to 2010. The result showed that the positive rate of CSFV, PRRSV, PCV, PRV, pathogeny bacterium, lung mycoplasma, Toxoplasma gondii and Eperythrozoon were 22.46%(31/138), 26.23%(32/122), 91.30%(84/92), 46.99%(39/83), 41.07%(23/56), 0.00%(0/39), 50.00% (8/16) and 14.29%(6/42).

In order to study the infection situation of avian leukemia virus(ALV) in different import breeds in China, more than 7000 cloacal swabs and serum samples from 4 different province were collected, then ALV-A/B, ALV-J antibody and p27 antigen were detected by ELISA. Samples collected from 4 different located poultry farms, which include 115 groups of 5 different breeds. Our investigation indicated ALV-J and ALV-A/B infection are existed in the import breeds of China generally. Moreover, the positive antibody rate of ALV-J was much higher compared to the ALV-A/B and the antibody rate of ALV-J was higher in broiler than in layer. Our investigation also showed chicken in early stage of egg production had top positive rate of p27 antigen and ALV-J antibody.

To investigate the information of drug resistance phenotypes and disinfectants resistance of pig source E.coli O157∶H7 isolated from Guangxi,the drug sensitive and disinfectants resistance were assayed. Meanwhile,3 aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance genes,aph(3)-Iia,aadA and aadB were amplified by PCR. The results of drug sensitive to 27 antibiotics showed that 5 strains were sensitive to Florfenicol,Ceftriaxone,Cefoxitin and Cefotaxime. The rate of drug resistance to Roxithromycin,Polymyxin B,Rifampin,Lincomycin,Amoxycilin,Ampicilin and Cephalothin were 100%. The rate of drug resistance to other antibiotics,such as Trobicin,Streptomycin,Cefradine were between 20% and 60%. Among of 5 strains,1 strain,1 strain and 3 strains were resistances to 23,11 and 9 antibiotics,respectively. The results of PCR confirmed that genome of 5 strains contained aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance genes had a certain correlation with drug resistance phenotypes. The results of disinfectants resistance showed that 5 strains were resistance to Povidone lodine solution,Bromogeramine solution,Glutaraldehyde solution,double quaternary ammonium salt-iodine disinfection liquid and compound of peracetic acid,except dischloroisocyanuric acid sodium chloride powder. Our results will provide information to prevention and control of E.coli O157∶H7 in Guangxi.

The exterminatory actions of pomegranate peel extract to rabbit coccidia oocysts cultured in vitro were studied in this paper. We collected the excrement (24 h, 35 g each rabbit) from eighteen rabbits infected with coccidian, weighing 2.0 to 2.5 kg, separated and extracted the coccidia oocysts with saturation salt water floating method. The coccidia oocysts were cultivated in distilled water, aqueous extract of pomegranate peels, pomegranate flavonoids, pomegranate polyphenols and Robenidine HCl for 24, 48 and 78 h, respectively. The number of rabbit coccidia oocysts was observed with the optical microscope. The effects of different concentrations of drugs and different cultivated time on the amount of rabbit coccidia oocysts were estimated. The results showed that comparing with distilled water group, the amount of rabbit coccidia oocysts separately cultivated in 72 h and 5,10 mg of the four drugs groups reduced, and the reducing number ranged in descending order was aqueous extract of pomegranate peels group, pomegranate flavonoids group, pomegranate polyphenols group and Robebidine HCl group. The onset time of the extracts of pomegranate peel were 48 and 72 h. The amount of rabbit coccidia oocysts cultivated in 24,48, 72 h and 1 mg of the four drugs groups were not reduced significantly (P＞0.05). There were many notes which indicated that the extracts of pomegranate peel were the stronger exterminatory action to the rabbit coccidia oocysts cultured in vitro. The exterminatory action of aqueous extract to the rabbit coccidia oocysts was the strongest, followed by pomegranate polyphenols and pomegranate flavonoids in the 3 extractions from pomegranate peel. The exterminatory action had a certain positive correlation with the dose.

Canine mast cell tumors account for up to 20% of all skin tumors in dogs. While they often appear small and somewhat insignificant, they can be a very serious form of cancer in the dog. Some mast cell tumors are easily removed without the development of any further problems and others can lead to a life threatening disease. Proper identification and treatment are very important in controlling these tumors. The final diagnosis "mast cell tumor" of a case of canine cutaneous lump was based on the demonstration of focal accumulations of mast cells with typical histological and cytomorphological properties via hematoxylin eosin staining,Toluidine Blue staining of the paraffin sections.

The article introduce the basic principle and characteristic of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the application of LAMP in detecting infectious disease. The LAMP assay has been adopted widely for the detection of animal pathogens,because of its simplicity,high sensitivity and specificity and detecting easily products etc. At present, the LAMP can be used in detecting porcine circovirus Ⅱ, goose parvovirus, PRV, HPAIV, NDV, Haemophilus parasuis, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycoplasma hyopneumoina and Toxoplasma gondii etc.

To investigate the effect of different decalcifying fluid on the color of articular joint tissue section of rabbit knee,to aid at the histological evaluation of hyaline cartilage and distribution of fibrocartilage polysaccharide. Prepare New Zealand rabbits,after the fully fixation of the whole rabbit knee joints in 10% neutral formalin,the tissues were washed with running water,then decalcified with 4 different decalcifying solutions (10% HNO₃ decalcifying solutions,3% HNO₃ decalcifying solutions,modified AF decalcifying solutions and modified 30% hydrochloric acid). The tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE),alcian blue and safranin-O,and observed under a microscope to evaluate the morphology of chondrocytes and the cartilage matrix. Results:①The effects of HE staining: first is 3% HNO₃ decalcifying solutions group,next is modified 30% hydrochloric acid group,once again is 10% HNO₃ decalcifying solutions and modified AF decalcifying solutions group. ②The effect of alcian blue and safranin-O staining in 3% HNO₃ decalcifying solutions group and modified AF decalcifying solutions group were better than other groups.

To localize and detect the distribution of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in the brain of experimental mouse,we established JEV infection model in mouse and produced paraffin sections using brain tissue. We established indirect immunohistochemical method with monoclonal antibodies of JEV to localize and detect the antigen. Experiment results showed that the method had a high sensitivity and specificity,it demonstrated that JEV infect neurons selectively,the antigen expression were mainly in the brainstem,ganglia and cortex.