下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴参与动物采食调控的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采食是动物维持生命活动的基本生理过程，是动物生长发育的基础。畜禽采食量的高低直接影响到营养物质的摄入量及生产性能的发挥。在畜牧业生产中，影响采食的因素很多，而应激是其中一个非常重要的影响因素。动物机体的应激反应主要由下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴来调控。下丘脑、垂体和肾上腺皮质通过释放促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）和糖皮质激素（GC）这3种应激激素来协同调控动物的应激反应。应激激素对采食行为的调节是一个非常复杂的过程，主要通过稳态和非稳态途径来调节采食，可以双向调控食物的摄入量。稳态途径指的是通过调控机体能量稳态而调控采食。CRH和ACTH通过抑制下丘脑促食欲肽的表达而抑制采食；而GC在中枢和外周发挥着完全相反的作用。非稳态途径指的是通过影响中脑奖赏系统调控采食的愉悦感，是近年来食欲调控研究的热点，越来越多的研究证明了应激激素与奖赏系统的联系。作者针对应激激素调控采食的最新研究报道进行综述，以期为生产实践中新型的采食调控技术研发提供一定的参考。

关键词: 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴; 应激; 采食

Abstract:

Feeding is the basic physiological process of animal survival, growth and development.Food intake of livestock and poultry directly affects the absorption of nutrients and production performance.In animal production, feeding is affected by many factors, and stress is one of the most important factors.The stress response of animal is mainly regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis.The hypothalamus, pituitary and adrenal cortex regulate the stress response of the animals by releasing three stress hormones such as corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and glucocorticoid (GC).The regulation of feeding by stress hormones is a very complex process where it can regulates feed intake in both positive and negative way.Specifically, stress hormones may participate in both homeostatic and non-homeostatic pathways to regulate eating behavior.Homeostatic pathways refer to the regulation of food intake by sensing energy status of the body.In this case, CRH and ACTH inhibit feed intake by inhibiting the expression of the appetite peptide in the hypothalamus;GC plays a completely opposite role in the central and peripheral regions.The non-homeostatic pathways refer to the regulation of hedonic eating by modulating the midbrain reward system.It is a hotspot in the study of appetite regulation in recent years.More and more studies have focused on the crosstalk between stress hormone and reward system.In this review, the latest researches on regulation of feeding by stress hormone will be summarized.It will provide some theoretic basis for the development of new techniques on feeding regulation in animal production.

Key words: hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis; stress; feeding

中图分类号:

Q493.99

吴汉宇, 王丽娜. 下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴参与动物采食调控的研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(8): 2281-2287.

WU Hanyu, WANG Lina. Research Advances on Effects of Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal Axis in Animal Feeding Regulation[J]. , 2019, 46(8): 2281-2287.

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