矮脚黄鸡轻度脂肪肝对其屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.06.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以矮脚京星黄鸡为试验动物，研究上市日龄鸡发生轻度脂肪肝对其屠宰性能、肉品质的影响。矮脚京星黄鸡饲养至98日龄时，选同批饲养的273只公鸡分两次进行屠宰性能与肉品质性能测定和血清生化指标的检测，同时利用HE染色与油红O染色切片，判断脂肪肝的程度。结果显示，53只公鸡的肝脏细胞排列紊乱，发生一定程度空泡变性并有较多脂肪沉积，分入轻度脂肪肝组；而另外219只公鸡肝脏细胞排列致密，无明显变性特征，分入为对照组。与对照组相比，轻度脂肪肝组公鸡：①血清甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）含量极显著升高（P<0.01）；肝脏重和肝脏指数均极显著或显著增加（P<0.01；P<0.05），且血清胆固醇含量与肝脏重呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；②屠宰性能有所提升，活体重、屠体重、全净膛重及腿肌重均显著或极显著增加（P<0.05；P<0.01）；③肌肉品质显著提升，胸肌和腿肌肌内脂肪含量极显著增加（P<0.01）；胸肌和腿肌剪切力均显著或极显著降低（P<0.05；P<0.01）；胸肌肉色亮度（L^*_{45 min}、L^*_{24 h}）显著降低（P<0.05），红度（a^*_{45 min}）极显著增加（P<0.01）；pH_{24 h}仅相差0.04，但差异显著（P<0.05）；④腹脂过多沉积，腹脂重、腹脂率极显著增加（P<0.01）。上述结果表明，上市日龄矮脚黄鸡发生轻度脂肪肝可使鸡部分屠宰性能提升，且对肉品质有改善作用，但会造成腹脂的过多沉积。

关键词: 肉鸡; 脂肪肝; 屠宰性能; 肉品质

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of mild fatty liver on slaughter performance and meat quality of dwarf Jingxing-Huang chickens at marketing age.At age of 98 days,273 male chickens were selected randomly from the same batch experimental population by two times,the slaughter performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indices were tested.The liver tissuees were collected for evaluating the fatty liver through HE staining and Oil Red O staining.A total number of 53 chickens,which had vacuolar degeneration,and more fat deposition were detected in the disordered liver cells,were considered as mild fatty liver group.For the rest 219 chickens,which liver cells were tightly arranged without obvious denatured feature,were considered as the control group.Compared with the control group,the results of mild fatty liver group were as follows:①The serum triglyceride,total cholesterol,and low density lipoprotein content increased extremely significantly (P<0.01),the liver weight and liver index also increased significantly or extremely significantly,respectively (P<0.05;P<0.01),the cholesterol content was positively correlated with liver weight extremely significantly (P<0.01).② Slaughter performance was improved,the live weight,dressed weight,eviscerated weight and thigh muscle weight increased significantly or extremely significantly (P<0.05;P<0.01).③ Meat quality was improved significantly,the intramuscular fat content increased extremely significantly both in breast and thigh muscle (P<0.01),the shear force decreased significantly or extremely significantly in breast and thigh muscle,respectively (P<0.05;P<0.01).For breast muscle,L^*_{45 min} and L^*_{24 h} decreased significantly (P<0.05),and the a^*_{45 min} increased extremely significantly (P<0.01),the pH_{24 h} was only 0.04 lower in mild fatty liver group,but the difference was significant (P<0.05).④ The abdominal fat deposited excessively,the weight and percent of abdominal fat increased extremely significantly (P<0.01).The above results indicate that,at the marketing age,the occurrence of mild fatty liver was accompanied by the improvement on slaughter performance and meat quality,however,it also caused excess deposition of abdominal fat.

Key words: broiler; fatty liver; slaughter performance; meat quality

中图分类号:

S831

谭晓冬, 刘冉冉, 赵桂苹, 崔焕先, 李庆贺, 郑麦青, 文杰. 矮脚黄鸡轻度脂肪肝对其屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(6): 1713-1722.

TAN Xiaodong, LIU Ranran, ZHAO Guiping, CUI Huanxian, LI Qinghe, ZHENG Maiqing, WEN Jie. Effects of Mild Fatty Liver on Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality in Dwarf Yellow Chickens[J]. , 2019, 46(6): 1713-1722.

参考文献

[1] 王洋.培育节粮优质抗病新特性,挣脱黄羽肉鸡发展的枷锁[J].中国农村科技,2017,3:18-19. WANG Y.Cultivating new characteristics of grain saving,high quality and disease resistance to break the shackles of the development of Yellow-feathered broilers[J].China Rural Science & Technology,2017,3:18-19.(in Chinese)
[2] 蒋瑞瑞,赵桂苹,陈继兰,等.爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡脂肪代谢及其相关基因表达的比较研究[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1334-1341. JIANG R R,ZHAO G P,CHEN J L,et al.A comparative study on lipid metabolism and related gene expression in Arbor Acres broilers and Beijing-You chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(5):1334-1341.(in Chinese)
[3] HOCQUETTE J F,GONDRET F,BAÉZA E,et al.Intramuscular fat content in meat-producing animals:Development,genetic and nutritional control,and identification of putative markers[J].Animal,2010,4(2):303.
[4] DAVOLI R,BRAGLIA S.Molecular approaches in pig breeding to improve meat quality[J].Briefings in Functional Genomics & Proteomics,2007,6(4):313-321.
[5] 曾勇庆,孙玉民.莱芜猪肌肉组织学特性与肉质关系的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,1998,29(6):486-492. ZENG Y Q,SUN Y M.Studies on relationship of muscle histological characteristics to meat quality of Laiwu swine[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,1998,29(6):486-492.(in Chinese)
[6] TOUCHBURN S P,GUILLAUME J,LECLERCQ B,et al.Lipid and energy metabolism in chicks affected by dwarfism (dw) and Naked-neck (Na)[J].Poultry Science,1980,59(10):2189.
[7] BURGHELLE-MAYEUR C,TIXIER-BOICHARD M,MERAT P,et al.De novo lipogenesis and lipolysis activities in normal (Dw) and dwarf (dw) White Leghorn laying hens[J].Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology B Comparative Biochemistry,1989,93(4):773-779.
[8] GUILLAUME J.The dwarfing gene dw:Its effects on anatomy,physiology,nutrition,management.Its application in poultry industry[J].World's Poultry Science Journal,1976,32(4):285-305.
[9] SUSANA S A,VÁZQUEZ M J,LUIS V,et al.Central ghrelin regulates peripheral lipid metabolism in a growth hormone-independent fashion[J].Endocrinology,2009,150(10):4562-4574.
[10] FISHMAN P H,BRADY R O.Biosynthesis and function of gangliosides[J].Science,1976,194(4268):906-915.
[11] HERMIER D.Lipoprotein metabolism and fattening in poultry[J].Journal of Nutrition,1997,127(5 Suppl):805S.
[12] ZHANG Y,LIU Z,LIU R,et al.Alteration of hepatic gene expression along with the inherited phenotype of acquired fatty liver in chicken[J].Genes,2018,9(4):199.
[13] POLIN D,WOLFORD J H.Role of estrogen as a cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome[J].Journal of Nutrition,1977,107(5):873-886.
[14] 邓茂先,贺普霄,童德文.蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征早期诊断的研究[J].中国兽医科学,1995,8:9-11. DENG M X,HE P X,TONG D W.Study on early diagnosis of fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in laying hens[J].Chinese Veterinary Science,1995,8:9-11.(in Chinese)
[15] 李明.蛋鸡脂肪肝出血综合征的诊治[J].中国家禽,1997,4:25-26. LI M.Diagnosis and treatment of fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in laying hens[J].China Poultry,1997,4:25-26.(in Chinese)
[16] YUAN Y L,LI J L,ZHANG W H,et al.A comparison of slaughter performance and meat quality of pigs immunised with a gonadotrophin-releasing factor vaccine against boar taint with physically castrated pigs[J].Animal Production Science,2012,52(10):911.
[17] ZEREHDARAN S,VEREIJKEN A L,VAN ARENDONK J A,et al.Estimation of genetic parameters for fat deposition and carcass traits in broilers[J].Poultry Science,2004,83(4):521-525.
[18] 刘建国,陈亮,王宗元,等.鸡脂肪肝综合症病例主要内脏器官病理学观察[J].广东农业科学,2010,37(9):156-157. LIU J G,CHEN L,WANG Z Y,et al.Pathomorphology observation for fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens[J].Guangdong Agricultural Sciences,2010,37(9):156-157.(in Chinese)
[19] 姜锦鹏,宁康健,吕锦芳,等.实验性鸡脂肪肝出血综合征模型的建立与评价[J].中国实验动物学报,2012,20(3):147. JIANG J P,NING K J,LYU J F,et al.Establishment and evaluation of experimental fat liver hemorrhage syndrome model in chicken[J].Acta Laboratorium Animalis Scientia Sinica,2012,20(3):147.(in Chinese)
[20] 姜锦鹏,顾有方,吕锦芳,等.鸡脂肪肝出血综合征发生过程中脂质代谢与血清甲状腺激素水平变化[J].中国兽医学报,2013,33(11):1733-1737. JIANG J P,GU Y F,LYU J F,et al.Changes of lipid metabolism and serum thyroid hormone levels during fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2013,33(11):1733-1737.(in Chinese)
[21] ROZENBOIM I,MAHATO J,COHEN N A,et al.Low protein and high-energy diet:A possible natural cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in caged White Leghorn laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(3):612.
[22] 邢玉娟,赵尉丹,朱浩,等.蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征模型的建立[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(5):1401-1407. XING Y J,ZHAO W D,ZHU H,et al.Establishment of fatty liver syndrome model of egg-type chickens[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(5):1401-1407.(in Chinese)
[23] MARTÍNCASTILLO A,CASTELLS M T,ADÁNEZ G,et al.Effect of atorvastatin and diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score in hyperlipidemic chickens[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2010,64(4):275-281.
[24] AYALA I,CASTILLO A M,ADÁNEZ G,et al.Hyperlipidemic chicken as a model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis[J].Experimental Biology & Medicine,2009,234(1):10-16.
[25] YANG F,RUAN J,WANG T,et al.Improving effect of dietary soybean phospholipids supplement on hepatic and serum indexes relevant to fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens[J].Animal Science Journal,2017,88(11):1860.
[26] 赵芹.吡咯喹啉醌钠(PQQ.Na₂)对蛋鸡脂肪肝的调控作用[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014. ZHAO Q.Regulatory effects of pyrroloquinoline quinine disodium (PQQ.Na₂) in fatty liver of laying hens[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014.(in Chinese)
[27] BAE J S,PARK J M,LEE J,et al.Amelioration of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with NPC1L1-targeted IgY or n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in mice[J].Metabolism-clinical & Experimental,2017,66:32-44.
[28] LEE H S,NAM Y,CHUNG Y H,et al.Beneficial effects of phosphatidylcholine on high-fat diet-induced obesity,hyperlipidemia and fatty liver in mice[J].Life Sciences,2014,118(1):7-14.
[29] SU S Y,DODSON M V,LI X B,et al.The effects of dietary betaine supplementation on fatty liver performance,serum parameters,histological changes,methylation status and the mRNA expression level of Spot14alpha in Landes goose fatty liver[J].Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology Part A,2009,154(3):308-314.
[30] LIU W M,LAI S J,LU L Z,et al.Effect of dietary fatty acids on serum parameters,fatty acid compositions,and liver histology in Shaoxing laying ducks[J].Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology),2011,12(9):736-743.
[31] 刘振.饲粮类型对鸡脂肪肝形成的影响及表观调控机制[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016. LIU Z.Study of the effect of diets type on fatty liver syndrome in chicken and the underlying epigenetic mechanisms in chicken[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2016.(in Chinese)
[32] JIANG S,CHENG H W,CUI L Y,et al.Changes of blood parameters associated with bone remodeling following experimentally induced fatty liver disorder in laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(6):1443-1453.
[33] DAVIS J E,CAIN J,SMALL C,et al.Therapeutic effect of flax-based diets on fatty liver in aged laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2016,95(11):2624-2632.
[34] TAKEUCHI K,GOTO H,ITO Y,et al.Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and cytochrome P450 inducers alleviate fatty liver in male rats fed an orotic acid-supplemented diet[J].Journal of Toxicological Sciences,2015,40(2):181-191.
[35] YANG K T,LIN C,LIU C W,et al.Effects of chicken-liver hydrolysates on lipid metabolism in a high-fat diet[J].Food Chemistry,2014,160(11):148-156.
[36] 周笑犁,孔祥峰,范觉鑫,等.味精与高脂日粮对生长猪胴体性状与组成的影响[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(5):330-333. ZHOU X L,KONG X F,FAN J X,et al.Effect of monosodium L-glutamate supplementation on carcass character and composition in growing pig fed a normal-or high-fat diet[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2014,35(5):330-333.(In Chinese)
[37] 刘作华,杨飞云,孔路军,等.日粮能量水平对生长育肥猪肌内脂肪含量以及脂肪酸合成酶和激素敏感脂酶mRNA表达的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2007,38(9):934-941. LIU Z H,YANG F Y,KONG L J,et al.Effects of dietary energy level on the content of intramuscular fat and mRNA expression for fatty acid synthase and hormone-sensitive lipase in growing-finishing pigs[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2007,38(9):934-941.(in Chinese)
[38] 刘蒙,文杰,宋代军,等.日粮能量水平与肌内脂肪遗传选择对北京油鸡生产性能的互作影响[J].安徽农业大学学报,2009,36(3):456-460. LIU M,WEN J,SONG D J,et al.The interactive effects of dietary energy levels and genetic selection of intramuscular fat content on growth performance of Beijing-You chicken[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2009,36(3):456-460.(in Chinese)
[39] 伍剑,张克英,丁雪梅,等.饲粮能量水平和维生素预混料对二郎山山地鸡生产性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(19):48-52. WU J,ZHANG K Y,DING X M,et al.Effects of dietary energy level and vitamin premix on performance and meat quality of Erlang mountain chicken[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2011,47(19):48-52.(in Chinese)
[40] JINGBO L,JUN H,JIE Y,et al.Birth weight alters the response to postnatal high-fat diet-induced changes in meat quality traits and skeletal muscle proteome of pigs[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2014,111(10):1738-1747.
[41] 张婧.不同能量水平饲粮对产蛋后期肉种鸡蛋品质和肉品质影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2014. ZHANG J.Effects of different dietary energy levels on egg and meat quality of broiler breeders during the late laying period[D].Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[42] 安荣荣,冷丽,龚朋飞,等.高、低脂系肉鸡肌肉品质的比较[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2977-2987. AN R R,LENG L,GONG P F,et al.Comparison of meat quality between fat and lean line broilers[J].Animal Nutrition,2017,29(8):2977-2987.(in Chinese)
[43] 罗才文.肌肉颜色改变的因素及变色肉的卫生评价[J].中国动物检疫,1990,1:45-46. LUO C W.Factors of muscle color change and hygienic evaluation of color-changing meat[J].China Animal Health Inspection,1990,1:45-46.(in Chinese)
[44] ABERLE E D,FORREST J C.Principles of Meat Science[M].Kendall Hunt,2001.
[45] 李建军.优质肉鸡风味特性研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2003. LI J J.Studies on the characteristic of quality chicken flavor[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2003.(in Chinese)