基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析中国西门塔尔牛瘤胃微生物多样性和功能预测的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.05.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为系统探讨中国西门塔尔牛瘤胃内的微生物多样性及其功能，本试验利用16S rRNA基因高通量测序技术检测分析西门塔尔牛（20月龄，平均体重约为550 kg）瘤胃液样本菌群结构并进行PICRUSt功能预测。结果显示，两组样本通过Illumina Miseq测序平台共获得66 712条优质序列，聚类分析得到1 797个操作分类单元（OTU），经分类学鉴定分属13个门20个纲22个目33个科及59个属；厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）为优势菌群，所占比例分别为62.46%和22.45%；基于属的组成，依次为粪杆菌真核菌群（[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group，9.16%）、瘤胃球菌属_2（Ruminococcus_2，7.90%）、未知属f型拟杆菌目RF16菌群（norank_f__Bacteroidales_RF16_group，6.23%）、未知属f型瘤胃菌科（norank_f__Ruminococcaceae，4.79%）、理研菌科_RC9菌群（Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group，4.72%）、未知属f型拟杆菌目BS11菌群（norank_f_Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group，4.49%）、瘤胃球菌属_1（Ruminococcus_1，4.43%）等；16S rRNA基因组的PICRUSt功能预测发现，瘤胃菌群功能主要集中在碳水化合物转运及代谢上，可能含有大量的纤维素和木质素降解酶基因。综上，基于16S rRNA基因的高通量测序技术全面揭示了西门塔尔牛瘤胃菌群的多样性，并预测其含有丰富的蛋白质分解、木质纤维素降解酶系，为探索西门塔尔牛瘤胃微生物奠定基础，也为进一步挖掘与某些重要营养生理功能密切相关的瘤胃微生物功能基因提供参考。

关键词: 西门塔尔牛; 瘤胃; 16S rRNA; 微生物

Abstract:

To systematically explore the microbial diversity and function in the rumen of Chinese Simmental cattle,this experiment used 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology to detect and analyze the rumen fluid samples of Simmental cattle (about 20 months old,the average weight was 550 kg),and its function was predicted by PICRUSt.The results showed that a total of 66 712 high-quality sequences were obtained from the Illumina Miseq sequencing platform,and 1 797 operational classification units (OTU) were obtained by cluster analysis.The taxonomic identification was divided into 13 phylums,20 classes,22 orders,33 families and 59 genuses;Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were dominant bacteria,accounting for 62.46% and 22.45%,respectively;Based on the genus composition,[Eubacterium]_coprostanoligenes_group (9.16%),Ruminococcus_2 (7.90%),norank_f__Bacteroidales_RF16_group(6.23%),norank_f__Ruminococcaceae(4.79%),Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group(4.72%),norank_f_Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group(4.49%),Ruminococcus_1(4.43%),etc.The PICRUSt function of the 16S rRNA genome predicted that the rumen flora function was mainly concentrated in carbohydrate transport and metabolism,and might contain a large amount of cellulose and lignin degrading enzyme genes.In summary,the high-throughput sequencing technology based on 16S rRNA gene fully revealed the diversity of rumen bacteria in Simmental cattle,and predicted that it was rich in protein decomposition and lignocellulose degrading enzymes.The basis of microbial cognition provided a reference for further research on rumen microbial functional genes closely related to some important nutritional and physiological functions.

Key words: Simmental cattle; rumen; 16S rRNA; microorganism

中图分类号:

S823.9⁺4

吴琼, 王思珍, 张适, 胡宗福, 杨浩, 牛化欣. 基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析中国西门塔尔牛瘤胃微生物多样性和功能预测的研究[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(5): 1370-1378.

WU Qiong, WANG Sizhen, ZHANG Shi, HU Zongfu, YANG Hao, NIU Huaxin. Analysis of Rumen Microbial Diversity and Functional Prediction of Chinese Simmental Cattle Based on 16S rRNA High-throughput Sequencing Technology[J]. , 2019, 46(5): 1370-1378.

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