猫人工授精技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.01.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

人工授精技术是一种较先进的辅助生殖技术，可提高繁殖育种的效益，但因猫类较独特的生殖特点，其人工授精技术发展受限。近年来，科研人员和临床工作者借鉴其他物种相对成熟的人工授精技术，结合猫类生殖特点，对猫人工授精过程中精液采集、精液品质评估、精液保存、刺激母猫排卵方式及具体的人工输精等相关技术进行了优化和创新，如开发了新颖实用的尿导管法采精技术以采集猫精液；在传统精液品质评估的基础上，配合使用荧光染色技术、流式细胞技术及体外受精技术对猫精液品质进行评估；探索不同冷冻液配方及冷冻程序对猫精液保存效果的影响，并尝试使用超快速冷冻法保存公猫遗传物质；研究使用不同种类及不同剂量的激素对诱导母猫发情和排卵效果的差异，以及不同输精部位、方法及时机对母猫妊娠结果的影响等。尽管其中一些新技术与方法已在试验动物中彰显出了其实际应用潜力，但当下依旧还存在操作相对复杂、成本较高、效果低于预期等问题，导致目前猫人工授精技术的应用较局限，不如在犬或其他动物中应用广泛，未来还需更进一步研究和探索才能满足临床实际应用的需要。文章就上述猫人工授精技术中各个方面的研究进展进行了综述，以期为该技术的进一步研究和应用提供参考。

关键词: 猫; 精液采集; 精液品质评估; 精液保存; 人工授精

Abstract:

Artificial insemination (AI) technology is an advanced assisted reproductive technology,it can improve the efficiency of breeding,but due to the unique reproductive characteristics of cats,the development of cat AI technology is limited.In recent years,many researchers and clinical veterinaries have used mature AI techniques from other species,combined with feline unique characteristics to optimize and innovate cat AI technologies such as semen collection,semen quality assessment,semen preservation,stimulation of female cat ovulation,and artificial insemination,for example:A new and practical urinary catheterization technique for collecting cat semen have been developed;Based on the traditional semen quality assessment,researchers began to use fluorescent staining,flow cytometry,and in vitro fertilization technique to evaluate the quality of sperm;Researchers explored the effects of different extenders formulas and freezing procedures on the preservation of male cats semen and tried to use ultra-rapid cryopreservation to preserve the genetic material of male cats,and also explored the differences in the use of different hormones to induce estrus and ovulation in female cats;As well as the influence of different parts,methods and timing of the insemination on the pregnancy of female cats and so on.Although these new technologies have already demonstrated their potential for practical application in experimental animals,there are still some problems,such as complicated operations,high costs and lower-than-expected results.As a result,the application of AI in cats is limited,and is not as widely used as dogs or other species.In the future, further researches and explorations are needed to meet the requirements of clinical use.This paper reviewed the research progress on various aspects of cat AI technology in order to provide reference for further research and application of this technology.

Key words: cats; semen collection; semen quality assessment; semen preservation; artificial insemination

中图分类号:

S829.3

高琛, 马超贤, 史凌宇, 贾剑琴, 钟友刚. 猫人工授精技术研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(1): 320-328.

GAO Chen, MA Chaoxian, SHI Lingyu, JIA Jianqin, ZHONG Yougang. Research Progress on Cat Artificial Insemination[J]. , 2019, 46(1): 320-328.

参考文献

[1] SOJKA N J,JENNINGS L L,HAMNER C E.Artificial insemination in the cat (Felis catus L.)[J].Laboratory Animal Care,1970,20(2):198-204.
[2] VILLAVERDE A I S B,MELO C M,MARTIN I,et al.Comparison of efficiency between two artificial insemination methods using frozen-thawed semen in domestic cat (Felis catus):Artificial insemination in domestic cats[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2009,114(4):434-442.
[3] LAMBO C A,GRAHN R A,LYONS L A,et al.Comparative fertility of freshly collected vs frozen-thawed semen with laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination in domestic cats[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2012,47(S6):284-288.
[4] CONFORTI V A,BATEMAN H L,SCHOOK M W,et al.Laparoscopic oviductal artificial insemination improves pregnancy success in exogenous gonadotropin-treated domestic cats as a model for endangered felids[J].Biology of Reproduction,2013,89(1):1-9.
[5] VILLAVERDE A I,FIORATTI E G,PENITENTI M,et al.Cryoprotective effect of different glycerol concentrations on domestic cat spermatozoa[J].Theriogenology,2013,80(7):730-737.
[6] HOWARD J G,BROWN J L,BUSH M,et al.Teratospermic and normospermic domestic cats:Ejaculate traits,pituitary-gonadal hormones,and improvement of spermatozoal motility and morphology after swim-up processing[J].Journal of Andrology,1990,11(3):204-215.
[7] THUWANUT P,CHATDARONG K,JOHANNISSON A,et al.Cryopreservation of epididymal cat spermatozoa:Effects of in vitro antioxidative enzymes supplementation and lipid peroxidation induction[J].Theriogenology,2010,73(8):1076-1087.
[8] TSUTSUI T,WADA M,ANZAI M,et al.Artificialinsemination with frozen epididymal sperm in cats[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2003,65(3):397-399.
[9] FILLIERS M,RIJSSELAERE T,BOSSAERT P,et al.In vitro evaluation of fresh sperm quality intomcats:A comparison of two collection techniques[J].Theriogenology,2010,74(1):31-39.
[10] FILLIERS M,RIJSSELAERE T,BOSSAERT P,et al.Computer-assisted sperm analysis of fresh epididymal cat spermatozoa and the impact of cool storage (4℃) on sperm quality[J].Theriogenology,2008,70(9):1550-1559.
[11] KUNKITTI P,BERGQVIST A,SJUNNESSON Y,et al.The tolerance of feline corpus and cauda spermatozoa to cryostress[J].Theriogenology,2016,85(3):502-508.
[12] KUNKITTI P,AXNÉR E,BERGQVIST A,et al.In vitro fertilization using frozen-thawed feline epididymal spermatozoa from corpus and cauda regions[J].Theriogenology,2016,86(6):1403-1408.
[13] CHATDARONG K,THUWANUT P,SUKSAMAI P,et al.Survival of frozen-thawed cat spermatozoa pre-cooled in the epididymides[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2009,44(Suppl 2):377-380.
[14] ZAMBELLI D,PRATI F,CUNTO M,et al.Quality and in vitro fertilizing ability of cryopreserved cat spermatozoa obtained by urethral catheterization after medetomidine administration[J].Theriogenology,2008,69(4):485-490.
[15] PROCHOWSKA S,NIZANSKI W,PARTYKA A.Comparative analysis of in vitro characteristics of fresh and frozen-thawed urethral and epididymal spermatozoa from cats (Felis domesticus)[J].Theriogenology,2016,86(8):2063-2072.
[16] PROCHOWSKA S,NIZANSKI W.In vitro fertilizing potential of urethral and epididymal spermatozoa collected from domestic cats (Felis catus)[J].Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences,2017,20(1):19-24.
[17] CUNTO M,KUSTER D G,BINI C,et al.Influence of different protocols of urethral catheterization after pharmacological induction (Ur.Ca.P.I.) on semen quality in the domestic cat[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2015,50(6):999-1002.
[18] ROMAGNOLI N,ZAMBELLI D,CUNTO M,et al.Non-invasive evaluation of the haemodynamic effects of high-dose medetomidine in healthy cats for semen collection[J].Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery,2016,18(4):337-343.
[19] PISU M C,PONZIO P,ROVELLA C,et al.Usefulness of an injectable anaesthetic protocol for semen collection through urethral catheterisation in domestic cats[J].Journal of Feline Medicine & Surgery,2017,19(10):1087-1090.
[20] RIJSSELAERE T,SOOM A V.Semen collection,assessment and artificial insemination in the cat[J].Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift,2010,79(79):467-470.
[21] BARAN A,BACINOGLU S,EVECEN M,et al.Freezing of cat semen in straws with different glycerol levels containing tris extender[J].Turkish Journal ofVeterinary & Animal Sciences,2004,28(3):545-552.
[22] HERMANSSON U,AXNER E.Epididymal and ejaculated cat spermatozoa are resistant to cold shock but egg yolk promotes sperm longevity during cold storageat 4℃[J].Theriogenology,2007,67(7):1239-1248.
[23] 吴梦,丁玉春,刘作华,等.猪精子质量的流式细胞检测分析[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(9):2502-2507. WU M,DING Y C,LIU Z H,et al.Detection and analysis of the pig sperm quality by flow cytome-try[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(9):2502-2507.(in Chinese)
[24] 胡润环,张圣朝,靳木子,等.使用荧光染色和流式细胞术检测山羊精子[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(8):4-7. HU R H,ZHANG S C,JIN M Z,et al.Detection of goat sperms by fluorescent staining and flow cytometry[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2012,44(8):4-7.(in Chinese)
[25] THUWANUT P,CHATDARONG K,TECHAKUMPHU M,et al.The effect of antioxidants on motility,viability,acrosome integrity and DNA integrity of frozen-thawed epididymal cat spermatozoa[J].Theriogenology,2008,70(2):233-240.
[26] KUNKITTI P,SJÖDAHL A,BERGQVIST A,et al.Comparison of DNA fragmentation assay in frozen-thawed cat epididymal sperm[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2016,51(4):618-622.
[27] BARAN A,DEMIR K,SAHIN B E,et al.Short-term chilled storage of cat semen extended with and without taurine containing milk extenders[J].Journal ofAnimal & Veterinary Advances,2009,8(7):1367-1371.
[28] BRUSENTSEV E,KIZILOVA E,MOKROUSOVA V,et al.Characteristics and fertility of domestic cat epididymal spermatozoa cryopreserved with two differentfreezing media[J].Theriogenology,2018,110:148-152.
[29] BURANAAMNUAY K.Protocols for sperm cryopreservation in the domestic cat:A review[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2017,183:56-65.
[30] TOYONAGA M,SATO Y,SASAKI A,et al.Artificial insemination with cryopreserved sperm from feline epididymides stored at 4℃[J].Theriogenology,2011,76(3):532-537.
[31] 徐文慧,郑新宝,于维浩,等.抗氧化剂对马精子低温及冷冻保存效果的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(7):2042-2049. XU W H,ZHENG X B,YU W H,et al.Effects of antioxidants on the quality of hypothermic preservation and frozen-thawed equine semen[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2017,44(7):2042-2049.(in Chinese)
[32] VICK M M,BATEMAN H L,LAMBO C A,et al.Improved cryopreservation of domestic cat sperm in a chemically defined medium[J].Theriogenology,2012,78(9):2120-2128.
[33] 毋状元,罗永明,董红,等.不同卵黄成分、大豆卵磷脂及β-环糊精胆固醇对马精子冷冻效果的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(9):2435-2440. WU Z Y,LUO Y M,DONG H,et al.Effect of different yolk composition,soybean lecithin and cholesterol-loaded cyclodextrin on equine sperm cryopreserva-tion[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(9):2435-2440.(in Chinese)
[34] AIRES V A,HINSCH K,MUELLER-SCHLOESSER F,et al.In vitro and in vivo comparison of egg yolk-based and soybean lecithin-based extenders for cryopreservation of bovine semen[J].Theriogenology,2003,60(2):269-279.
[35] BARAN A,TEK Ç,DEMIR K,et al.Intrauterine inseminations with cat semen frozen with various extenders[J].Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences,2011,43(35):311-318.
[36] CHATDARONG K,AXNÉR E,MANEE-IN S,et al.Pregnancy in the domestic cat after vaginal or transcervical insemination with fresh and frozen semen[J].Theriogenology,2007,68(9):1326-1333.
[37] CHATDARONG K,THUWANUT P,MANEE-IN S,et al.Effects of thawing temperature and post-thaw dilution on the quality of cat spermatozoa[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2010,45(2):221-227.
[38] VIZUETE G,JIMENEZ E,AGUERA E I,et al.Impact of ultra-rapid freezing on the motility,morphology,viability and acrosome integrity of epididymal cat sperm diluted in sucrose-based extenders[J].Reproduction in Domestic Animals,2014,49(1):e5-e8.
[39] BURANAAMNUAY K.Cryopreservation and storage of cat epididymal sperm using -75℃ freezer vs liquid nitrogen[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2018,191:56-63.
[40] TANAKA A,TAKAGI Y,NAKAGAWA K,et al.Artificial intravaginal insemination using fresh semen in cats[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2000,62(11):1163-1167.
[41] PLATZ C C,WILDT D E,SEAGER S W.Pregnancy in the domestic cat after artificial insemination with previously frozen spermatozoa[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,1978,52(2):279-282.
[42] TSUTSUI T,TANAKA A,TAKAGI Y,et al.Unilateral intrauterine horn insemination of frozen semen in cats[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2000,62(12):1247-1251.
[43] HOWARD J G,BARONE M A,DONOGHUE A M,et al.The effect of pre-ovulatory anaesthesia on ovulation in laparoscopically inseminated domestic cats[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,1992,96(1):175-186.