不同配比粗饲料对海南黑山羊生长、养分消化及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.11.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高海南黑山羊的生长性能，本试验以不同比例柱花草和王草青贮饲料混合饲喂海南黑山羊，以筛选两种粗饲料的最适搭配比例。选用16只日龄、体重相近的海南黑山羊，随机分成4组，分别为对照组（CK组，粗饲料为王草）和3个试验组（S-KS2、S-KS3、S-KS4组，柱花草和王草青贮饲料分别以20∶80、30∶70、40∶60的干物质比例组合），饲喂60 d后测定山羊生长性能、血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、球蛋白（GLB）水平；谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）活性；尿素氮（BUN）、甘油三酯（TG）、葡萄糖（GLU）、总胆固醇（TC）含量及养分表观消化率。结果表明：S-KS2组平均日增重（ADG）和血液尿素氮含量显著低于S-KS3组（P<0.05），料重比（F/G）显著高于S-KS3组（P<0.05），但都与CK组差异不显著（P>0.05）；S-KS3组山羊平均日增重、平均日采食量（ADFI）显著高于CK组（P<0.05）；S-KS4组血清总蛋白和球蛋白含量显著高于CK组（P<0.05），但中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）表观消化率显著低于S-KS2组和S-KS3组（P<0.05）。以上结果说明，在本试验条件下，柱花草和王草青贮饲料以一定比例混合饲喂并未对山羊造成不良影响，且在比例为30∶70时山羊的平均日增重和平均日采食量均得到提高，所以推荐柱花草和王草青贮饲料以30∶70的比例混合饲喂海南黑山羊。

关键词: 柱花草; 王草青贮; 海南黑山羊; 生长性能; 表观消化率

Abstract:

In order to improve the growth performance,Hainan Black goats were fed with different ratios of Stylosanthes and kinggrass silage in this experiment,so as to select the optimum proportion of the two kinds of roughage.Sixteen Hainan Black goats with similar age and weight were randomly divided into 4 groups:Control group (CK group,roughage was kinggrass) and three test groups (S-KS2,S-KS3 and S-KS4 groups,Stylosanthes and kinggrass silage were combined at dry matter ratios of 20:80,30:70 and 40:60,respectively).After 60 days of feeding,the growth performance,serum total protein (TP),albumin (ALB),globulin (GLB),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate aminotransferase (AST),urea nitrogen (BUN),triglyceride (TG),glucose (GLU),total cholesterol (TC) and nutrient apparent digestibility of goats were measured.The results showed that the average daily gain (ADG) and the BUN content of goats in S-KS2 group were significantly lower than those in S-KS3 group (P<0.05),the feed/gain (F/G) was significantly higher than that in S-KS3 group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between S-KS2 group and CK groups (P>0.05).The ADG and the average daily feed intake (ADFI) of goats in S-KS3 group were significantly higher than those in CK group (P<0.05).The serum TP and GLB contents in group S-KS4 were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05),but the apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were significantly lower than that of S-KS2 and S-KS3 groups (P<0.05).In conclusion,under the condition of this experiment,the mixed feeding of Stylosanthes and kinggrass silage did not cause adverse effects on goats compared with the control group,the ADG and ADFI of goats were improved when the proportion of Stylosanthes and kinggrass silage was 30:70.It was recommended that Stylosanthes and kinggrass silage could be mixed and fed in a ratio of 30:70.

Key words: Stylosanthes; kinggrass silage; Hainan Black goats; growth performance; nutrient apparent digestibility

中图分类号:

S816.5

张亚格, 胡海超, 施力光, 彭维祺, 李茂, 黄艳, 徐铁山, 周汉林. 不同配比粗饲料对海南黑山羊生长、养分消化及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(11): 3086-3094.

ZHANG Yage, HU Haichao, SHI Liguang, PENG Weiqi, LI Mao, HUANG Yan, XU Tieshan, ZHOU Hanlin. Effects of Different Proportions of Roughage on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility and Blood Biochemical Indices of Hainan Black Goat[J]. , 2018, 45(11): 3086-3094.

参考文献

[1] HANSON A A,BAMES D K,HILL R R.Alfalfaand Alfalfa Improvement[M].Madison,1988.
[2] 张吉鹍,李龙瑞,吴文旋,等.稻草补饲苜蓿对山羊瘤胃发酵的组合效应[J].草业科学,2014,31(2):313-320. ZHANG J K,LI L R,WU W X,et al.Associative effects of rice straw supplemented with different level of alfalfa hay on rumen fermentation of goats[J].Pratacultural Science,2014,31(2):313-320.(in Chinese)
[3] 李佳,雷虹,万井尉.利用优良牧草饲喂肉羊效果试验[J].现代畜牧兽医,2012,41(10):17-18. LI J,LEI H,WAN J W.Experiment on feeding sheep with excellent pasture[J].Modern Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,2012,41(10):17-18.(in Chinese)
[4] 刘庭玉.饲草型全混日粮对肉羊生产性能影响研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012. LIU T Y.Effects of performance of forage-type total mixed rations on mutton sheep[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[5] 王晓光.饲草型全混日粮饲用价值评价研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2010. WANG X G.The evaluation of feeding value of forage-type total mixed ration[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2010.(in Chinese)
[6] EVANS E.An evaluation of the relationships between dietary parameters and rumen solid turnover rate[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1981,61(1):97-103.
[7] 王东劲,侯冠彧,于向春.舍饲情况下热带优良牧草品种的适口性分析[J].中国草食动物,2005,5:34-35. WANG D J,HOU G Y,YU X C,et al.Palatability measuring of four tropical forage cultivars under house feeding methods[J].Chinese Herbivores,2005,5:34-35.(in Chinese)
[8] BORG B S,LIBAL G W,WAHLSTROM R C.Tryptophan and threonine requirements of young pigs and their effects on serum calcium,phosphorus and zinc concentrations[J].Journal of Animal Science,1987,64(4):1070-1078.
[9] 高士争,葛长荣,田允波,等.中草药添加剂对生长肥育猪血液生理生化指标的影响[J].云南农业大学学报,2002,17(2):164-169. GAO S Z,GE C R,TIAN Y B,et al.Effect of Chinese herb feed additives on the biological and biochemical index of blood in growing and finishing pigs[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University,2002,17(2):164-169.(in Chinese)
[10] 罗洪明,陈代文.不同蛋白水平对早期断奶仔猪生产性能、血液生化指标的影响[J].饲料研究,2008,8:3-8. LUO H M,CHEN D W.Effects of different protein levels on performance and blood biochemical indexes of early weaned piglets[J].Feed Research,2008,8:3-8.(in Chinese)
[11] 岳喜新,刁其玉,马春晖,等.饲喂代乳粉对羔羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2011,32(1):20-23. YUE X X,DIAO Q Y,MA C H,et al.Effect of feeding milk replacer on growth performance and serum biochemical index of lamb[J].Feed Industry,2011,32(1):20-23.(in Chinese)
[12] 杨华,傅衍,陈国安.猪血液生化指标与生产性能的关系[J].国外畜牧科技,2001,28(1):34-37. YANG H,FU Y,CHEN G A.The relationship between blood biochemical parameters and production performance of pig[J].Animal Science Abroad,2001,28(1):34-37.(in Chinese)
[13] MCLAREN G A,ANDERSON G C,TSAI L I,et al.Level of readily fermentable carbohydrates and adaptation of lambs to all-urea supplemented rations[J].The Journal of Nutrition,1965,87(3):331-336.
[14] 王定发,周璐丽,李茂,等.日粮营养水平对海南黑山羊肥育羔羊血液指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(22):55-59. WANG D F,ZHOU L L,LI M,et al.Effect of dietary nutrition level on blood index of Hainan Black goat fattening lambs[J].Feed Industry,2012,33(22):55-59.(in Chinese)
[15] 刘圈炜,卢庆萍,张宏福,等.持续高温对生长猪血清生化指标及肌肉营养物质含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2010,22(5):1207-1213. LIU Q W,LU Q P,ZHANG H F,et al.Effects of continuous high temperature on serum biochemical parameters and muscle nutrients of growing pigs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2010,22(5):1207-1213.(in Chinese)
[16] STANLEY C C,WILLIAMS C C,JENNY B F,et al.Effects of feeding milk replacer once versus twice daily on glucose metabolism in Holstein and Jersey calves[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2002,85(9):2335-2343.
[17] CHANJULA P,CHERDTHONG A.Effects of spent mushroom Cordyceps militaris supplementation on apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation,and blood metabolite parameters of goats[J].Journal of Animal Science,2018,96(3):1150-1158.
[18] LI Y,WANG Y Z,ZHANG G N,et al.Effects of Acremonium terricola culture supplementation on apparent digestibility,rumen fermentation,and blood parameters in dairy cows[J].Animal Feed Science & Technology,2017,230:13-22.
[19] BUNTING L D,BOLING J A,MACKOWN C T,et al.Effect of dietary protein level on nitrogen metabolism in lambs:Studies using 15N-nitrogen[J].Journal of Animal Science,1987,64(3):855-867.
[20] SARRASECA A,MILNE E,METCALF M J,et al.Urea recycling in sheep:Effects of intake[J].British Journal of Nutrition,1998,79(1):79-88.
[21] 陈胜昌,夏先林.日粮蛋白浓度对肉牛瘤胃代谢与血液尿素氮的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2011,39(8):120-124. CHEN S C,XIA X L.Effect of dietary protein level on rumen metabolism and blood urea nitrogen in beef[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(8):120-124.(in Chinese)
[22] 贾青,康红,徐红蕊,等.结合15N示踪法研究日粮蛋白水平对山羊氮代谢的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(23):48-51. JIA Q,KANG H,XU H R,et al.Effect of ration protein levels on metabolism of nitrogen in goat with 15N-tracing technique[J].Feed Industry,2007,28(23):48-51.(in Chinese)
[23] 侯海锋,李茜.发酵中药渣对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(4):947-952. HOU H F,LI Q.Effects of fermented chinese herb residues on growth performance,serum biochemical parameters,antioxidant indexes and immune function of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(4):947-952.(in Chinese)
[24] 巩峰,王建民,王桂芝,等.饲粮不同能量水平对育肥奶山羊公羊生长性能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2013,25(1):208-213. GONG F,WANG J M,WANG G Z,et al.Effects of dietary energy level on growth performance and serum biochemical indices of fattening mal[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2013,25(1):208-213.(in Chinese)
[25] 张洪渊,万海清.生物化学(工科类专业适用)[M].第3版.北京:化学工业出版社,2014. ZHANG H Y,WAN H Q.Biochemistry (Applied to Engineering Majors)[M].3rd Edition.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2014.(in Chinese)
[26] 胡琳,王定发,李韦,等.日粮中添加不同比例木薯茎叶对海南黑山羊生长性能、血清生化指标和养分表观消化率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(12):3193-3199. HU L,WANG D F,LI W,et al.Effects of different proportions of cassava stem and leaf in diets on growth performance,serum biochemistry index,nutrient apparent digestibility of Hainan Black goat[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(12):3193-3199.(in Chinese)
[27] LI Z J,LIU N N,CAO Y C,et al.Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9(1):21.
[28] 高立鹏,孟梅娟,白云峰,等.不同粗饲料组合对山羊饲粮养分表观消化率及氮平衡的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(8):2396-2403. GAO L P,MENG M J,BAI Y F,et al.Effects of different roughage combinations on dietary nutrient apparent digestibility and nitrogen blance of goats[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(8):2396-2403.(in Chinese)
[29] 计成.动物营养学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008. JI C.Animal Nutrition[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008.(in Chinese)
[30] 胡琳,王定发,李韦,等.不同精粗比对木薯茎叶型全混合日粮山羊瘤胃降解率的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(11):2914-2921. HU L,WANG D F,LI W,et al.Effect of different concentrate-roughage ratios on rumen degradability of cassava stems and leaves total mixed ration in goat[J].Chinese Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(11):2914-2921.(in Chinese)