《中国畜牧兽医》 ›› 2018, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (10): 2670-2680.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.10.003

• 生物技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

马、驴主要经济性状功能基因研究进展

侯浩宾1, 李海静2, 张莉1   

  1. 1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 北京 100193;
    2. 国家胶类中药工程技术研究中心, 东阿阿胶股份有限公司, 东阿 252201
  • 收稿日期:2018-05-19 出版日期:2018-10-20 发布日期:2018-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 张莉 E-mail:zhangli07@caas.cn
  • 作者简介:侯浩宾(1992-),男,山东菏泽人,硕士生,研究方向:动物遗传育种与繁殖,E-mail:houhaobean@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    院企合作研发项目:东阿黑驴重要经济性状功能基因挖掘与鉴定([2016]205)

Research Advances on Functional Genes of Main Economic Traits in Horses and Donkeys

HOU Haobin1, LI Haijing2, ZHANG Li1   

  1. 1. Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;
    2. National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Donge 252201, China
  • Received:2018-05-19 Online:2018-10-20 Published:2018-10-20

摘要:

马、驴是重要的草食家畜,在人类的历史变迁和生产生活中扮演重要角色。马、驴的初始功能主要以役用为主,多用于乘骑或驮运物品。随着机械化程度和交通方式的进步,其役用功能逐渐降低甚至消失。现代马产业主要以竞技、休闲娱乐及副产品加工为主,而驴产业则以皮、肉、乳及其生物制品的开发利用为主。马经济性状主要包括体型、毛色、竞赛能力、疾病、极端环境适应能力等,在驴上更关注生长、皮用和泌乳等性状。随着基因组学和生物信息学的发展,马、驴主要经济性状相关基因的发掘更为有效和精准:如与马体重、体尺相关的基因被定位于LCORL/NCAPG基因区域;MSTN基因与骨骼肌的发育相关,进而影响马竞赛性能;与设特兰矮马、德保矮马矮小性状相关的主要基因分别为HMGA2和TBX3基因;ACAN基因突变会导致设特兰矮马侏儒;DMRT3基因突变影响马的步态特征;KIT基因与白斑毛表型相关,MC1R基因是控制栗色毛的主要基因,ASIP基因与黑色毛相关;EDNRB基因突变会导致致死白色马驹综合征;EPAS1基因和线粒体NADH6基因在高原适应性进化中起重要作用。作者对马、驴主要经济性状相关功能基因的研究进展进行综述,并对功能基因组学研究进行展望,以期为今后开展马、驴分子遗传育种研究提供借鉴与参考。

关键词: 马; 驴; 经济性状; 功能基因

Abstract:

Horses and donkeys are the important herbivorous livestock in China,which play an important role in the historical changes and production in human life.Prior to the mechanization of agriculture,human used horses and donkeys for riding and carrying goods.With the progress of mechanization degree and transportation,the service function of horses and donkeys have gradually decreased.The modern horse industry mainly focuses competition,leisure and entertainment,and by-product processing,while the donkey industry concentrates on the development and utilization of skin,meat,milk and biological products.The economic traits of horses mainly include body size,coat color,race ability,disease,extreme environmental adaptability,etc.On donkey,growth,skin and lactation traits are more concerned.By means of genomics and bioinformatics,we can effectively and accurately identify genes related to main economic traits in horses and donkeys.The association genes with body weight and size are located in the LCORL/NCAPG gene region.The MSTN gene is associated with the development of skeletal muscle,which in turn affects horse racing performance.The genes related to dwarf traits include HMGA2 and TBX3 genes in Shetland and Debao ponies,and the mutation of the ACAN gene is the causal mutation for the dwarf symptoms of the Shetland pony.The DMRT3 gene mutation affects the alternate gaits.KIT gene is associated with the white spot phenotype in coat color,MC1R gene has been shown to be the main gene responsible for chestnut color,ASIP gene is associated with black hair.The EDNRB gene mutations cause lethal white foal syndrome.EPAS1 gene and mitochondrial NADH6 gene play a key role in the adaptive evolution of the plateau.The authors review the research progress of functional genes related to main economic traits in horses and donkeys,and the future research of Equus genomics are discussed,so that the studies of molecular genetics and breeding in horses and donkeys are better provided to more researchers.

Key words: horses; donkeys; economic traits; functional gene

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