妊娠后期营养水平对初产母猪繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.08.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究妊娠后期营养水平对初产母猪体况、繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响，本试验选用背膘厚及体重相近的初产杂交母猪36头，按体况和配种时间随机分为3组（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组），每组6个重复，每个重复2头母猪，饲喂营养水平依次为维持需要的1.5、2.0和2.5倍的日粮，母猪妊娠81 d时开始试验至母猪分娩结束，试验期33 d。结果显示，分娩时Ⅰ组母猪背膘厚显著低于Ⅲ组（P<0.05），断奶时各组背膘厚度差异不显著（P>0.05）；Ⅰ组母猪泌乳期背膘损失显著低于Ⅲ组（P<0.05）；Ⅲ组母猪分娩后体重、分娩前体重均显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05），各组母猪妊娠81 d体重及泌乳期失重等差异均不显著（P>0.05）。试验组间窝产仔数、窝产活仔数、断奶个体重及母猪断奶-发情间隔均无显著差异（P>0.05）；Ⅲ组仔猪初生均重、断奶窝重、泌乳期窝增重均显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）。随营养水平升高，Ⅱ、Ⅲ组雌激素水平显著高于Ⅰ组（P<0.05）；各组催乳素和孕酮水平差异不显著（P>0.05）；Ⅰ组甘油三酯水平显著低于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组（P<0.05）；各组尿素氮和葡萄糖含量随营养水平的升高逐渐增大，且差异显著（P<0.05）；Ⅲ组胰岛素含量显著高于I组（P<0.05）；各组总蛋白含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。结果提示，母猪妊娠后期饲喂营养水平为2.0倍维持需要的日粮时可使后备母猪分娩时体况达到标准水平，而饲喂营养水平为2.5倍维持需要的日粮可使母猪产仔性能得到提高。

关键词: 营养水平; 初产母猪; 体况; 繁殖性能; 生殖激素

Abstract:

To study the effects of nutrient level during late pregnancy on the body condition, reproductive performance and blood biochemical indexes of primariparous sows,36 sows with similar weight and backfat thickness were chosen and randomly divided into 3 groups (groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ) according to the body condition and breeding time with 6 replicates per group and 2 sows per replicate.The pregnant sows in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were fed the diets with 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 times as much as maintenance requirement.The test began at 81 d after pregnancy,and end with the parturition,which last for 33 d.The results showed that the backfat thickness of sows in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in backfat thickness between all groups at weaning (P>0.05).The loss of backfat of lactating sows in group Ⅰ during the lactation period was significantly lower than that in group Ⅲ (P<0.05).The body weight after delivery and body weight before delivery in group Ⅲ were significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).There was no significant difference of body weight at 81 days after pregnancy and body weight loss during lactation among all groups (P>0.05).There were no significant difference of litter size,number of piglets born alive per litter,average body weight at weaning and weaning-oestrus interval among all groups (P>0.05).The average birth weight,average litter weight at weaning and litter weight gain during lactation of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).The level of estrogen in the groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly higher than that of group Ⅰ (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference of prolactin and progesterone levels among all groups (P>0.05).The triglyceride level in group Ⅰ was significantly lower than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P<0.05).The content of urea nitrogen and glucose in each test group increased in turn with the increase of nutrient level and the difference was significant (P<0.05).The content of insulin in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05).The total protein content of each group was not significant different (P>0.05).The results showed that the feeding level of sows was 2.0 times as much as maintenance requirement in the later stage of pregnancy could make the body condition reach the standard level,while the nutritional level was 2.5 times as much as maintenance requirement could raise the performance of the sows farrowing.

Key words: nutrient levels; primiparous sow; body condition; reproductive performance; reproductive hormones

中图分类号:

S828

陈玲, 黄大鹏, 魏国生. 妊娠后期营养水平对初产母猪繁殖性能及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(8): 2190-2196.

CHEN Ling, HUANG Dapeng, WEI Guosheng. Effects of Nutrient Level During Late Pregnancy on Reproductive Performance and Blood Biochemical Indexes of Primiparous Sows[J]. , 2018, 45(8): 2190-2196.

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