猪嵴病毒病原特性及检测技术研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.12.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猪嵴病毒（porcine kobuvirus，PKV）是近年来在健康猪和腹泻猪粪便中新检测到的小核糖核酸病毒科嵴病毒属成员，可能引起猪的腹泻，对养猪业造成重大经济损失。研究发现，PKV广泛分布在猪中，在腹泻和临床健康猪中均已被检测到，阳性率从3.9%~100.0%各不相同。一个典型的PKV病毒粒子直径为30 nm，基因组全长为8 120 bp，包括1个含2 488个氨基酸的开放性阅读框（ORF）；PKV是典型的小RNA病毒科的基因组结构：1个5'非编码区，1个L蛋白，结构蛋白P1（VP0、VP3和VP1），非结构蛋白P2（2A、2B和2C）和P3（3A、3B、3C和3D），1个3'非编码区和1个Poly（A）尾巴。PKV的2B编码区存在30个氨基酸的缺失，VP1蛋白是小RNA病毒科变异最频繁的结构蛋白，其含有主要的抗原表位，可促进机体产生中和抗体。检测PKV的方法有反转录聚合酶链式反应（RT-PCR）、TaqMan探针实时荧光定量RT-PCR和逆转录环介导扩增（RT-LAMP）方法。作者对PKV的分类学、流行概况、基因组结构、遗传特性及检测技术等研究现状做一简要概述，以期为进一步研究及了解PKV提供参考。

关键词: 猪嵴病毒(PKV); 流行病学; 基因组结构; 遗传特性; 检测技术

Abstract:

Porcine kobuvirus (PKV) is a member of the newly detected in the genus Kobuvirus, family Picornaviridae in healthy pigs and diarrhea pigs. It may cause diarrhea of pigs and cause significant economic losses to pig industry. At present, the studies find that, PKV is widely distributed in pigs and has been detected in diarrhea and clinically healthy pigs, and the positive rate of the virus varies from 3.9% to 100.0%. A typical porcine kobuvirus virion is 30 nm in diameter, and its genome is 8 120 bp in length and contains a single open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 2 488 amino acids. The genome organization is typical for picornaviruses:A 5' UTR, a leader (L) protein, structural proteins P1 (VP0, VP3 and VP1), non-structural proteins P2 (2A, 2B and 2C) and P3 (3A, 3B, 3C and 3D), a 3' UTR and a Poly (A) tail. There are 30 amino acid deletions in the 2B coding region of the porcine kobuvirus, VP1 protein is the most frequent variant of the small RNA virus, structural protein, which contains the main epitope, can promote the body to produce neutralizing antibodies. At present, the methods of detecting PKV are reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), TaqMan probe Real-time RT-PCR and reverse transcription-loop mediated amplification (RT-LAMP). In this paper, a brief overview of the taxonomy, epidemiological profile, genome structure, genetic characteristics and detection techniques of PKV was made, so as to provide references for the further study and understand PKV.

Key words: porcine kobuvirus (PKV); epidemiology; genome structure; genetic characteristics; detection technique

中图分类号:

S858.28

黄晓星, 王仙, 金文杰. 猪嵴病毒病原特性及检测技术研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(12): 3466-3472.

HUANG Xiao-xing, WANG Xian, JIN Wen-jie. Research Advances in Pathogenicity and Detection Techniques of Porcine Kobuvirus[J]. , 2017, 44(12): 3466-3472.

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