[1] Grobet L,Royo M L,Poncelet D,et al.A deletion in the bovine myostatingene causes the double-muscled phenotype in cattle[J].Nature Genetics,1997,17(1):71-74. [2] Kambadur R,Sharma M,Smith T P,et al.Mutationsin myostatin (GDF8) in double-muscled Belgian Blue and Piedmontese cattle[J].Genome Res,1997,7(9):910-916. [3] Georges M.When less means more:Impact of myostatin in animal breeding[J].Immun Endoc Metab Agents Med Chem,2010,10(4):240-248. [4] McPherron A C,Lawler A M,Lee S J.Regulation of skeletal muscle mass in mice by a new TGF-beta superfamily member[J].Nature,1997,387(6628):83-90. [5] Boman I A,Klemetsdal G,Blichfeldt T,et al.A frameshift mutation in the coding region of the myostatin gene (MSTN) affects carcass conformation and fatness in Norwe-gian White sheep (Ovis aries)[J].Anim Genet,2009,40:418-422. [6] Terns M P,Terns R M.CRISPR-based adaptive immune systems[J].Current Opinion in Microbiology,2011,14(3):321-327. [7] Deltcheva E,Chylinski K,Sharma C M.CRISPR RNA maturation by trans-encoded small RNA and host factor RNaseⅢ[J].Nature,2011,471:602-607. [8] Shen B,Zhang J,Wu H.Generation of gene-modified mice via Cas9/RNA-mediated gene targeting[J].Cell Res,2013,23(5):720-723. [9] Wei L,Fei T,Tianda L.Simultaneous generation and germline transmission of multiple gene mutations in rat using CRISPR-Cas systems[J].Nat Biotechnol,2013,31(8):684-686. [10] Feng Z Y,Zhang B T,Ding W N.Efficient genome editing in plants using a CRISPR/Cas system[J].Cell Res,2013,23(10):1229-1232. [11] Liang Z,Zhang K,Chen K L,et al.Targeted mutagenesis in Zea mays using TALENs and the CRISPR/Cas system[J].J Genet Genomics,2014,41(2):63-68. [12] Shan Q W,Wang Y,Li J,et al.Targeted genome modification of crop plants using a CRISPR-Cas system[J].Nat Biotechnol,2013,31(8):686-688. [13] Mali P,Yang L,Esvelt K M,et al. RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9[J].Science,2013,339(6121):823-826. [14] Jinek M,Chylinski K,Fonfara I.A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity[J]. Science,2012,337:816-821. [15] Thomas G,Charles A,Carlos F.ZFN,TALEN,and CRISPR/Cas based methods for genome engineering[J].Trends Biotechnol,2013,31(7):397-405. [16] Friedland A E,Tzur Y B,Esvelt K M,et al.Heritable genome editing in C.elegans via a CRISPR-Cas9 system[J].Nat Methods,2013,10(8):741-743. [17] Yu S L,Luo J J,Song Z Y,et al.Highly efficient modification of beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) gene via zinc-finger nucleases in cattle[J].Cell Res,2011,21(11):1638-1640. [18] Fu Y,Foden J A,Khayter C.High-frequency off-target mutagenesis induced by CRISPR-Cas nucleases in human cells[J].Nat Biotechnol,2013,31(9):822-826. [19] Cem K,Sevki A,Ritambhara S,et al.Genome-wide analysis reveals characteristics of off-target sites bound by the Cas9 endonuclease[J].Nat Biotechnol,2014,32(7):677-683. [20] Cong L,Ran F A,Cox D,et al.Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems[J].Science,2013,339(6121):819-823. [21] Ran F A,Hsu P D,Lin C Y,et al.Double nicking by RNA-guided CRISPR Cas9 for enhanced genome editing specificity[J].Cell,2013,154(6):1380-1389. [22] Patrick D H,David A,Joshua A W.DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases[J].Nat Biotechnol,2013,31(9):827-832. [23] Vikram P,Steven L,John P G,et al.High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity[J].Nat Biotechnol,2013,31(9):839-843. |