光学和电化学生物传感器对奶牛重要疾病诊断的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.02.040

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着中国奶牛养殖的规模化、集约化的发展,以及养殖场过度追求奶牛生产性能,导致奶牛易发生或感染各类疾病,包括亚临床酮病、亚临床低钙血症、乳腺炎、口蹄疫、呼吸道疾病和牛病毒性腹泻在内的营养性和传染性疾病。这些疾病严重威胁着奶牛的健康、降低了乳品品质,进而增加养殖成本。实现奶牛疾病的低成本、快速且准确诊断是养殖场控制疾病传染、保障食品安全、降低经济损失的关键。常规的畜禽疾病检测方法有细胞培养法、酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)等,但过程耗时长、成本高、操作繁琐和不适用于对奶牛疾病的现场即时诊断等问题,制约了这些方法在养殖场的大规模推广和使用。生物传感技术将特异性生化反应产生的信号转化为可测量的电、光等信号,并结合信号放大系统可对物质进行定性或定量检测,具有操作简单、灵敏度高、特异性强和易于修饰等特点,在金属离子、病原菌等检测中具有很大的潜力。目前已有多种生物传感器被开发用于奶牛疾病的诊断。笔者针对常见的奶牛疾病列举了相对应的电化学、光学生物传感器,阐述了每种生物传感器的检测原理、对目标检测物的检测范围、检测限等信息,对生物传感器研究的发展趋势进行了展望,以期为奶牛养殖的健康发展提供一定的依据。

关键词: 生物传感器; 光电感知; 奶牛; 疾病诊断

Abstract: With the large-scale and intensive development of dairy farming in China,and the excessive pursuit of dairy production performance,it is easy for dairy cows to occur diseases.Subclinical ketosis,subclinical hypocalcemia,mastitis,foot-and-mouth disease,respiratory diseases and bovine viral diarrhea are mainly nutritional and infectious diseases,which threaten the health and welfare of dairy cows and bring about the decrease of milk quality and the increase of financial loss of farm.The timely and rapid detection of diseases is a key step to control the infection among livestock,reduce the damage of economy,and protect the food safety.Although cell culture methods,enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA),polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and some other methods have been applied in the detection of diseases of livestock and poultry,it’s still difficult to carry on the detecting work due to the limitations of time consuming and high-cost and complicated procedures of present methods,and unsuitable for point-of-care testing of diseases of dairy cow.Biosensor depends on a transductor to convert the sign originating from specific biochemical interaction between the biomarker and the bioreceptor into a measurable signal,and on a signal amplification system to detect the biomarker qualitatively or quantitatively.There is great potential for biosensor in detecting metal ion,pathogenic bacteria with advantages of simple operation,high sensitivity and strong specificity.Currently,there are various kinds of biosensors designed for the detection of diseases of diary cow.In this review,we provided an overview of the corresponding electrochemical and optical biosensors for common diseases of dairy cows.The descriptions illustrated the detection strategy,detection range and limit and other information of each biosensor.In the last section,this paper prospected the development tendency of biosensor,in order to provide references for the healthy development of dairy cow.

Key words: biosensor; photoelectric sensing; dairy cows; disease diagnosis

中图分类号:

S858.23

贺越, 王辉, 陈睿鹏, 余志雪, 唐湘方, 呙于明, 熊本海. 光学和电化学生物传感器对奶牛重要疾病诊断的研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(2): 827-837.

HE Yue, WANG Hui, CHEN Ruipeng, YU Zhixue, TANG Xiangfang, GUO Yuming, XIONG Benhai. Research Progress on Optical and Electrochemical Biosensors for the Diagnosis of Important Diseases in Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 827-837.

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