中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2023, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (2): 684-692.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.02.026

• 预防兽医 • 上一篇    下一篇

纳米疫苗在禽流感防控中的研究进展

李琦1, 田野1, 黄涛2, 刘存霞1   

  1. 1. 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所, 济南 250100;
    2. 西南大学动物医学院, 重庆 402460
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-15 出版日期:2023-02-05 发布日期:2023-02-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘存霞 E-mail:liucunxia9@163.com
  • 作者简介:李琦,E-mail:15024761223@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    山东省重点研发计划(2022CXGC010606);山东省现代农业产业技术体系项目(SDAIT-21-06);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2022A25)

Research Progress of Nano-vaccine in the Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza

LI Qi1, TIAN Ye1, HUANG Tao2, LIU Cunxia1   

  1. 1. Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China;
    2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
  • Received:2022-08-15 Online:2023-02-05 Published:2023-02-06

摘要: 禽流感病毒(Avian influenza virus,AIV)因其具有变异性强、亚型种类多、感染宿主多样性等特点,对畜牧业发展及公共卫生安全具有巨大的影响。目前,传统灭活疫苗在预防禽流感中虽起着重要作用,但仍存在免疫失败、多次接种及易出现不良反应等弊端,因此,研制新型疫苗来弥补传统疫苗的不足非常有必要。纳米颗粒疫苗具有包裹性好、结构稳定、靶向性高和免疫原性强等优点,可作为新型流感病毒疫苗的候选。笔者首先介绍了禽流感难以防控的原因及纳米疫苗的特点,然后对病毒样颗粒疫苗、自组装蛋白疫苗、聚合物纳米颗粒疫苗、无机纳米颗粒疫苗及纳米颗粒的毒性机制方面进行综述,概述了近年来AIV纳米颗粒疫苗的研究进展,并简述了采用不同抗原、不同纳米材料及不同给药方式对免疫效果的影响,结合目前纳米疫苗的研究,预测了未来纳米颗粒疫苗可作为AIV防控的一种新途径,对禽流感纳米疫苗在兽医临床的应用前景进行了分析和展望。

关键词: 禽流感; 纳米疫苗; 纳米材料; 抗原类型; 接种方式

Abstract: Avian influenza virus (AIV) has a huge impact on the development of animal husbandry and the safety of public health because of its characteristics such as strong variability,sorts of subtypes,diversity of infection hosts and so on.At present,although traditional inactivated vaccines play an important role in the prevention of avian influenza,there are still disadvantages such as immune failure,multiple vaccinations,easy occurrence of adverse reactions and so on.Therefore,it is very necessary to develop new vaccines to make up for the shortcomings of traditional vaccines.Nanoparticle vaccines have the advantages such as good encapsulation,stable structure,high targeting,strong immunogenicity and so on,which can be used as candidates for novel influenza virus vaccines.This paper first introduced the reasons for the difficulty in preventing and controlling avian influenza and the characteristics of nano-vaccine,and then reviewed the toxicity mechanisms of virus-like particle vaccines,self-assembled protein vaccines,polymer nanoparticle vaccines,inorganic nanoparticle vaccines and nanoparticles.Besides,it also summarized the research progress of AIV nanoparticle vaccine in recent years,and briefly described the advantages and disadvantages of using different antigens,applying different nanomaterials,and using different drug methods.Last but not least,it combined current studies on nano-vaccine to predict a new approach that nanoparticle vaccines could be used for influenza virus prevention and control in the future,and analyzed and prospected the application prospect of avian influenza nano-vaccine in veterinary medicine.

Key words: avian influenza; nano-vaccine; nano-materials; antigen type; vaccination method

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