发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.02.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过研究发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响,探究发酵脐橙粕用于番鸭节粮养殖的可行性。【方法】选取健康、体重为(267.33±9.50)g的180只16日龄番鸭,随机分成2组(每组公母各半),每组6个重复,每个重复15只,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂含有100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕的基础饲粮,预饲期7 d,正式试验期48 d。试验结束后,采集番鸭十二指肠组织样品和盲肠内容物。通过HE染色法和免疫组化法检测十二指肠肠道形态学指标和肠黏膜免疫功能指标;采用高通量测序技术对盲肠内容物的微生物16S rDNA进行测序,分析盲肠微生物多样性变化情况。【结果】①与对照组相比,100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕可极显著提高番鸭十二指肠的绒毛高度(P＜0.01),显著提高绒毛表面积和上皮内淋巴细胞阳性率(P＜0.05)。②显著物种差异分析结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮极显著抑制了番鸭盲肠脱铁杆菌门、厌氧菌科和无胆甾原体等有害菌丰度(P＜0.01),极显著提高了黄杆菌属、螺杆菌属和巨单胞菌属等有益菌的丰度(P＜0.01);功能预测分析结果显示,与对照组相比,饲喂100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮能够显著抑制盲肠微生物KEGG代谢通路中萜类化合物和聚酮类化合物的代谢(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲喂含有100 g/kg发酵脐橙粕饲粮不仅能有效改善番鸭肠道形态结构,增强肠道黏膜免疫功能,还具有调节肠道微生物多样性和代谢的作用。

关键词: 发酵脐橙粕; 番鸭; 肠道形态结构; 肠黏膜免疫功能; 微生物多样性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The feasibility of fermented navel orange pomace for Muscovy duck breeding was explored by investigating the effects of fermented navel orange pomace on intestinal morphology,intestinal mucosal immune function and microbial diversity in Muscovy ducks.【Method】 A total of 180 Muscovy ducks (16-day-old) weighing (267.33±9.50) g were randomly divided into two groups (half male and half female in each group), 6 replicates each group,15 ducks each repetition.The control group was fed the basal diet,and the experimental group was supplemented with 100 g/kg fermented navel orange pomace in the basal diet.The prefeeding period was 7 days,and the formal experiment lasted for 48 days.At the end of the experimental period,the duodenal tissues and cecal contents were collected from Muscovy ducks.The duodenal tissue samples were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde.The intestinal morphological indexes and intestinal mucosal immune function index were detected by HE staining and immunohistochemistry,respectively.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence 16S rDNA of cecal contents from experimental Muscovy ducks to analyze the changes of cecal microbial diversity.【Results】 ①Compared to control group,100 g/kg fermented navel orange pomace could extremely significantly increased the villi height (P＜0.01),as significantly elevated surface area of villi and positive rate of intraepithelial lymphocyte (P＜0.05) in duodenum of Muscovy duck.②Differential analysis between two groups showed that 100 g/kg fermented navel orange pomace extremely significantly inhibited the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Deferribacterota,Anaerovoracaceae and Acholeplasma (P＜0.01),and extremely significantly increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Flavonifractor, Helicobacter and Megamonas (P＜0.01) compared to control group.Results of function prediction showed that 100 g/kg fermented navel orange pomace clearly depressed metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides of KEGG pathways in microbes of the cecum(P＜0.05) compared to control group. 【Conclusion】 Fermented navel orange pomace could improve intestinal morphology and structure,enhance the mucosal immune function of intestine and regulate the intestinal microbial diversity and metabolism.

Key words: fermented navel orange pomace; Muscovy ducks; intestinal morphology; intestinal mucosal immune function; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S834

刘珍妮, 雷小文, 李建军, 曾庆远, 谭东海, 钟云平, 张强, 谢华亮. 发酵脐橙粕对番鸭肠道形态结构、肠黏膜免疫功能和微生物多样性的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(2): 573-585.

LIU Zhenni, LEI Xiaowen, LI Jianjun, ZENG Qingyuan, TAN Donghai, ZHONG Yunping, ZHANG Qiang, XIE Hualiang. Effects of Fermented Navel Orange Pomace on Intestinal Morphology,Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function and Microbial Diversity of Muscovy Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 573-585.

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