花椒精油对小尾寒羊生产性能和胃肠道组织结构的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.02.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究测定分析了不同剂量的花椒精油(EOZB)对小尾寒羊生产性能和胃肠道组织结构的影响,旨在为花椒精油在反刍动物方面的应用提供一定的理论参考。【方法】选取20只3月龄、活重接近的小尾寒羊随机分为4组,分别为对照组(CON)和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别在基础饲粮中添加5(EOZB5)、10(EOZB10)和15 mL/kg(EOZB15)花椒精油;试验期52 d,试验结束后屠宰所有试验羊并采集10个部位(瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃、皱胃、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠、结肠和直肠)的胃肠道组织样,通过测定生产性能和胃肠道乳头长度、乳头宽度、黏膜下层厚度、肌层厚度、固有膜厚度、角质层厚度、绒毛长度、绒毛宽度和隐窝深度等指标系统性评价花椒精油对小尾寒羊胃肠道组织结构的影响。【结果】①花椒精油可以提高小尾寒羊生产性能。与对照组相比,EOZB10组平均日增重、干物质采食量和料重比显著增加,且显著高于其他两个试验组(P＜0.05)。②花椒精油可以促进小尾寒羊复胃发育。与对照组相比,EOZB10组瘤胃黏膜下层厚度和肌层厚度显著增加(P＜0.05),角质层厚度显著降低(P＜0.05),网胃和瓣胃乳头长度、乳头宽度显著增加(P＜0.05),瓣胃黏膜下层厚度、肌层厚度和固有膜厚度显著增加(P＜0.05),皱胃黏膜层厚度和黏膜下层厚度显著增加(P＜0.05)。且在3个试验组中,EOZB10组上述指标也高于其他两组(除瘤胃肌层厚度、网胃乳头宽度和皱胃黏膜下层厚度外),有的指标达到显著水平(P＜0.05)。③花椒精油可以促进小尾寒羊小肠发育。与对照组相比,EOZB10组十二指肠绒毛长度、肌层厚度,空肠绒毛宽度、隐窝深度和肌层厚度显著增加(P＜0.05),回肠绒毛长度、绒毛宽度和绒毛长度/隐窝深度均显著增加(P＜0.05)。且在3个试验组中,EOZB10组回肠绒毛长度和绒毛宽度显著高于其他两组(P＜0.05)。④花椒精油可促进小尾寒羊大肠发育。与对照组相比,EOZB10组直肠肌层厚度和结肠黏膜层厚度显著增加(P＜0.05),且在3个试验组中,EOZB10组直肠肌层厚度显著低于EOZB15组,结肠肌层厚度和黏膜层厚度显著低于EOZB15组,但显著高于EOZB5组(P＜0.05)。【结论】日粮中添加花椒精油可以提高小尾寒羊生产性能并促进其胃肠道组织结构发育,本试验条件下,10 mL/kg的花椒精油效果最佳。

关键词: 花椒精油; 小尾寒羊; 胃肠道组织结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 The effects of different doses of Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil (EOZB) on the production performance and gastrointestinal tissue structure of Small-tail Han sheep (STH) were measured and analyzed in this study,in order to provide a theoretical reference for the application of EOZB in ruminants.【Method】 Twenty 3-month-old STH with similar initial body weight were randomly divided into four groups:control group (CON) and experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The control group was fed the basal diet,while experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were supplemented with 5,10 and 15 mL/kg of EOZB in the basal diet.The test period was 52 d.At the end of the test,all test sheep were slaughtered and gastrointestinal tissue samples were collected from 10 sites (rumen,reticulum,omasum,abomasum,duodenum,jejunum,ileum,cecum,colon and rectum).The effect of EOZB on the gastrointestinal tract organization of STH was systematically evaluated by production performance and gastrointestinal papilla length,papilla width,submucosal thickness,muscle thickness,intrinsic membrane thickness,stratum corneum thickness,villus length,villus width,crypt depth and other indicators.【Result】 ①EOZB could improve the productive performance of STH. Compared with the control group, the average daily gain, dry matter intake and F/G of EOZB10 group were significantly increased, and significantly higher than the other two test groups (P＜0.05). ②EOZB could promote the development of stomach on STH. Compared with the control group, the thickness of ruminal submucosa and muscularis increased significantly (P＜0.05), the thickness of corneum decreased significantly (P＜0.05), the length and width of reticulum and omasum papillae increased significantly (P＜0.05), the thickness of omasum submucosa, muscularis and lamina propria increased significantly (P＜0.05), and the thickness of abomasum mucosa and submucosa increased significantly (P＜0.05). In the three test groups, the above indexes in EOZB10 group were also higher than those in the other two groups (except for the thickness of rumen muscle layer, the width of reticulum papilla and the thickness of abomasum submucosa), and some indexes reached significant levels (P＜0.05). ③EOZB could promote small intestine development in STH. Compared with the control group, duodenal villus length, muscular layer thickness, jejunal villus width, recess depth and muscular layer thickness in EOZB10 group increased significantly (P＜0.05), and ileal villus length, villus width and villus length/recess depth increased significantly (P＜0.05). In the three test groups, the length and width of ileal villus in EOZB10 group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P＜0.05). ④EOZB could promote the development of large intestine in STH. Compared with the control group, the rectum muscular layer thickness and colon mucosal layer thickness in EOZB10 group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). In the three test groups, the rectum muscular layer thickness in EOZB10 group was significantly lower than that in EOZB15 group, and the colon muscular layer thickness and mucosal layer thickness were significantly lower than those in EOZB15 group, but significantly higher than those in EOZB5 group (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Adding EOZB to the diet could improve the production performance and promote the development of gastrointestinal tissue structure in STH,under the conditions of this test,10 mL/kg of EOZB was the most effective.

Key words: Zanthoxylum bungeanum essential oil; Small-tail Han sheep; gastrointestinal tract tissue structure

中图分类号:

S826

张明良, 张海龙, 马世鹏, 王彩莲, 郎侠. 花椒精油对小尾寒羊生产性能和胃肠道组织结构的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(2): 556-563.

ZHANG Mingliang, ZHANG Hailong, MA Shipeng, WANG Cailian, LANG Xia. Effects of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Essential Oil on Production Performance and Gastrointestinal Tissue Structure of Small-tail Han Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(2): 556-563.

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