不同抗生素替代品组合对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻及抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究不同替代品组合替代饲用抗生素的可行性，选取240头、（28±3）日龄的"杜×长×大"断奶仔猪，随机分为5组：对照组（基础日粮）、抗生素组（基础日粮＋75 mg/kg金霉素＋40 mg/kg杆菌肽锌＋100 mg/kg喹乙醇）、处理1组（基础日粮＋2 000 mg/kg发酵中草药）、处理2组（基础日粮＋500 mg/kg丁酸梭菌＋1 000 mg/kg三丁酸甘油酯）及处理3组（基础日粮＋450 mg/kg博落回散＋800 mg/kg无水甜菜碱）。每组设5个重复，每重复12头。试验期32 d。在试验第14、32天时，每重复随机选取1头仔猪，前腔静脉采血，分离血浆，测定其生长性能、腹泻指数及血液抗氧化指标。试验结果表明：①1~14 d时，相比对照组，处理3组可显著提高平均日采食量（ADFI）、平均日增重（ADG）（P < 0.05），显著降低料重比（F/G）（P < 0.05）。15~32 d时，处理3组的料重比比对照组和抗生素组极显著降低（P < 0.01）。1~32 d时，与抗生素组相比，处理3组料重比显著降低（P < 0.05）。②1~14 d时，与对照组相比，处理3组腹泻指数极显著降低（P < 0.01）。在15~32和1~32 d时，处理2组、3组的腹泻指数均极显著低于对照组（P < 0.01）；处理3组与抗生素组腹泻指数差异不显著（P > 0.05），但均比对照组有一定程度降低（P > 0.05）。③与对照组和抗生素组相比，处理3组14 d时的血浆总超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量显著或极显著增加（P < 0.05；P < 0.01），丙二醛（MDA）、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量极显著或显著降低（P < 0.01；P < 0.05）；32 d时GSH含量极显著增加（P < 0.01），MDA含量极显著或显著降低（P < 0.01；P < 0.05）。比较各试验处理，日粮中添加博落回散（450 mg/kg）＋无水甜菜碱（800 mg/kg）能降低断奶仔猪的料重比，提高抗氧化性能，减少腹泻，效果优于其他组合，可作为抗生素替代品在仔猪饲料中使用。

关键词: 抗生素; 替代品; 生长性能; 腹泻; 抗氧化指标

Abstract: To evaluate the possibility of substituting in-feed antibiotics with different combinations of substitute,240 crossbred piglets (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) weaned at (28±3) days of age were selected and randomly assigned into 5 groups,the control group (basal diet),antibiotic group (basal diet＋75 mg/kg CTC+40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc+100 mg/kg olaquindox),treatment group 1 (basal diet＋2 000 mg/kg fermented Chinese herb),treatment group 2 (basal diet＋500 mg/kg clostridium butyricum+1 000 mg/kg tributyrin) and treatment group 3 (basal diet＋450 mg/kg Macleaya cordata extract+800 mg/kg betaine anhydrous).The trial had 5 replicates per group and 12 piglets per replicate,and lasted for 32 d.At the 14th and 32nd days,one pig was randomly selected from each replication,and the plasma samples were collected from the anterior vena cava.The growth performance,diarrhea rate,and plasma antioxidant indexes were measured.The results showed that:① From 1 to 14 d,compared with the control group,ADFI and ADG of weaned piglets in treatment group 3 were significantly increased (P < 0.05),and F/G was significantly decreased (P < 0.05).From 15 to 32 d,compared with the control and antibiotic groups,treatment group 3 could extremely significantly decreased F/G of weaned piglets (P < 0.01).From 1 to 32 d,compared with the antibiotic group,F/G in treatment group 3 was significantly decreased (P < 0.05).② From 1 to 14 d,treatment group 3 could extremely significantly decreased diarrhea index compared with the control group (P < 0.01).From 15 to 32 d and 1 to 32 d,diarrhea indexes of weaned piglets in treatment group 2 and 3 were extremely significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.01).The diarrhea index had no significant difference between the antibiotic group and treatment group 3 (P > 0.05),but they both decreased in some degree compared with the control group (P > 0.05).③ Compared with the control and antibiotic groups,in treatment group 3,at the 14th day,T-SOD and GSH increased significantly or extremely significantly (P < 0.05;P < 0.01),while MDA and H₂O₂ decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P < 0.05;P < 0.01).At the 32th day,GSH increased extremely significantly (P < 0.01),while MDA decreased significantly or extremely significantly (P < 0.05;P < 0.01).The results suggested that supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract (450 mg/kg) and betaine anhydrous (800 mg/kg) could improve the antioxidant capacity,decreased F/G and diarrhea rate.Its effect was superior to other combinations,and it could be used as the substitute for antibiotics in feed.

Key words: antibiotic; substitute; growth performance; diarrhea; antioxidant indexes

中图分类号:

S816.7

孙晓蛟, 金海峰, 闫研, 金一, 李香子. 不同抗生素替代品组合对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(2): 460-468.

SUN Xiaojiao, JIN Haifeng, YAN Yan, JIN Yi, LI Xiangzi. A Effects of Different Combinations of Antibiotic Substitute on Growth Performance, Diarrhea Rate and Antioxidant Indexes of Weaned Piglets[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(2): 460-468.

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