放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌随季节变化规律的研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.08.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

试验旨在研究北方典型草原放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌菌群结构和多样性随季节变化的规律。随机选取北方典型草原上终年放牧不补饲的6只蒙古羊，在冬季（1月）、春季（4月）、夏季（6月牧草生长期和8月牧草旺盛期）和秋季（10月中旬），通过口腔采取瘤胃液，利用MiSeq测序技术分析了不同季节、不同牧草生长时期瘤胃细菌种群的结构和多样性。结果表明，放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌在夏季牧草生长旺盛期操作分类单元（OTU）和多样性最高，冬季最少，瘤胃细菌夏季和冬季OTU和多样性都差异显著（P<0.05）。在门水平上，厚壁菌门（Firmicutes，56.93%）和拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes，21.52%）为蒙古羊瘤胃中的优势细菌种群；厚壁菌门OTU在8月达到最大值，拟杆菌门OTU在6月达到最大值，均与其他月份差异显著（P<0.05）。在科水平上，瘤胃菌科（Ruminococcaceae，19.09%）、毛螺菌科（Lachnospiraceae，16.98%）、克里斯蒂娜科（Christensenellaceae，12.11%）、普雷沃氏菌科（Prevotellaceae，8.51%）和理研菌科（Rikenellaceae，8.27%）是蒙古羊瘤胃中的优势种群，分别在夏季（6月或8月）数量达到峰值。在属水平上，普雷沃氏菌属（Prevotella，4.79%）、丁酸弧菌属（Butyrivibrio，1.77%）和瘤胃球菌属（Ruminococcus，1.27%）含量最高。因此，北方牧区放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌以厚壁菌门的瘤胃菌科数量最高，是典型的消化纤维素细菌，符合以牧草为饲的放牧羊的特征。

关键词: 蒙古羊; 瘤胃细菌; MiSeq测序; 季节变化; 多样性

Abstract:

The purpose of this paper was to study the change rule with the seasons of rumen bacterial flora structure and diversity of Mongolian sheep grazed on typical grasslands in Northern China.In the experiment, six Mongolian sheep grazed all year round and no supplementary feeding were randomly selected from the typical grasslands of Northern China.In winter (January), spring (April), summer (June grass growth stage and August grass vigorous stage) and autumn (October), the rumen juice of the sheep was extracted through the mouth, and in every season the structure and diversity of rumen bacterial flora were analyzed by MiSeq sequecing technology.The results showed that there were the highest operational taxonomic unit (OTU) and diversity of the rumen bacteria of grazing Mongolian sheep in summer grass vigorous stage and the lowest in winter, and there were significant differences in OTU and diversity between summer and winter (P<0.05).At the phylum level, Firmicutes (56.93%) and Bacteroidetes (21.52%) were the dominant bacterial populations in the rumen of Mongolian sheep.The OTU of Firmicutes reached its maximum in August and that of Bacteroidetes reached its maximum in June, which were significantly different from other months.At the family level, Ruminococcaceae (19.09%), Lachnospiraceae (16.98%), Christensenellaceae (12.11%), Prevotellaceae (8.51%) and Rikenellaceae (8.27%) were the dominant bacterial populations in the rumen of Mongolian sheep, respectively reaching the peak in summer (June or August).At the generic level, rumen bacteria of the highest contents were respectively Prevotella (4.79%), Butyrivibrio (1.77%) and Ruminococcus (1.27%).So Ruminococcaceae of Firmicutes had the highest number of rumen bacteria of grazing Mongolian sheep in Northern China, which was a typical cellulose-digestive bacterium and in accord with the characteristics of grazing sheep fed with forage grass.

Key words: Mongolian sheep; rumen bacterial; MiSeq sequencing; seasonal variation; diversity

中图分类号:

S826.8⁺2

范文斌, 李长青, 高仙灵, 刘永斌. 放牧蒙古羊瘤胃细菌随季节变化规律的研究[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2019, 46(8): 2315-2321.

FAN Wenbin, LI Changqing, GAO Xianling, LIU Yongbin. Study on the Seasonal Variation of Rumen Bacteria in Grazing Mongolian Sheep[J]. , 2019, 46(8): 2315-2321.

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